Aim: One of the determinants of the functions of platelets and average platelet volume. In our study, preterm newborns with Mean Platelet Volume levels and term newborns with MPV levels are compared. Material and Method: The results of hemogram of a total of 138 newborns ( 80 preterm and 58 term), which were born in Hospital and have no problem with any other metabolic hematological were evaluated retrospectively. MPV values were compared by statistical analysis. Results: When the MPV values of Term newborns and  preterm newborns were compared, The difference was highly statistically significant. Discussion: While the MPV of the sick preterm newborns were assessed, it should not be forgotten that the MPV level of healthy premature babies were higher the MPV level of term newborns. This difference is probably due to the increase in the production of young  platelets.

Ülkemizde Denizli ilinin Buldan ilçesi, kendisine has el dokuması kumaşlarından imal edilen, ev tekstili ve dış giyim mamulleri ile özdeşleşmiştir. Geçmişte burada kaftan, gömlek, gelinlik, üstlük, peştamal gibi ürünler üretilirken, günümüzde çağımızın giyim şekline uygun olarak fakat yine aynı özgünlük ve kalitede bluz, gömlek, elbise, şal, kravat, peştamal gibi ürünler üretilerek satışa sunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, halen yörenin ticaretinde önemli bir yere sahip Buldan dokumalarının günümüzdeki kullanım alanını zenginleştirmeye yönelik yaratıcı çalışmalar sunmaktır.

It is clear that the academic studies on theClassical Turkish Literature, especially after adopting thenew alphabet, continued to focus on two separate formsof context and content. Problems with Arabic texts interms of form and of translation into Latin script were only overcome by using special symbols called atranscription system. For the individual users, afterproblems with translated texts in digital formats weresorted out, research on this issue brought about differentperspectives and gained momentum. Considering thecurrent problems related to the transcription of Ottomantexts, parallel to the scientific and technologicaladvances, we can see a shift toward web-based learningenvironments beyond individual efforts. In this articlesome of the problems and solutions related to use oftranscripted texts in web-based learning environmentswill be discussed.

Number sense involves efficient strategies and the ability to think flexibly with numbers and number operations and flexible thinking ability and the inclination getting for making sound mathematical judgements. The aim of this study was to investigate the strategies used by mathematics teachers while solving number sense problems. Eleven mathematics teachers from a graduate program in education were the participants. A number sense test which has a total of 12 problems is used as the data gathering tool. Teachers’ responses and strategies were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively.First, participants’ responses were evaluated for correctness. Then the strategies teachers used were analyzed. The strategies were categorized as based on the use of number sense or rule based strategies. When the correct and incorrect responses were considered together, in the 46% of the responses number sense strategies were used and in 54% the rule-based strategies were used. The results of this study showed that even though teachers can use number sense strategies at some level, there is still room for development in teachers’ number sense. [Sayı hissi; sayılar ve işlemler için geliştirilen faydalı stratejileri ve matematiksel yargılara varmak için kullanılan esnek düşünebilme kabiliyetini ve yatkınlığını içerir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da matematik öğretmenlerinin sayı hissi problemlerini çözerken kullandıkları stratejilerin incelenmesidir. Çalışma İstanbul ili sınırları içinde yer alan bir devlet üniversitesinde yüksek lisans yapan 11 öğretmenin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçme aracı olarak 12 açık uçlu sorudan oluşan sayı hissi testi kullanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin sorulara verdikleri cevaplar ve çözüm yolları nitel ve nicel analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Veriler öncelikle doğru ve yanlış daha sonra ise kullanılan çözüm yollarına göre sayı hissi stratejisi veya kural temelli strateji durumlarına göre kategorize edilmiştir. Veri analizi sonucunda doğru ve yanlış ayırımına girilmeden tüm çözümler göz önüne alındığında %46,2’sinde sayı hissi stratejileri, %53,8’inde kural temelli stratejiler kullanılarak sonuca ulaşıldığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda öğretmenlerin problem çözümlerinde sayı hissi stratejilerini iyi bir seviyede olmasa da orta düzeyde kullanabildikleri belirlenmiştir.]

The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of preschool teachers in terms of their principals’ instructional leadership behaviors. Research is designed with a general scanning model. 162 preschool teachers chosen from a chain of a private school, from 12 provinces, constituted the study sample. "School Principals' Instructional Leadership Behaviors Survey", previously developed by Sisman (2004) was used as a tool for data collection. Results of the study showed that perceptions of teachers' about their administrators' instructional leadership behaviors were found to be satisfactory. Teachers, who work in schools located in cities out of Istanbul appeared be more positive when compared to teachers, who work in Istanbul schools.

En hakiki tarih adamlarını muhtelif vechlerden tedkik eden siyerlerdir. Çünkü bu siyerler satır pek vesair üslupla muhtelif şekillerde yazılırlar ve vesair yazanlar vukuattan ziyade meşveretler ile hariçte vaki olan işlerden ziyade dahilde olanlarla meşgul olduklarından daha ziyade etrafı iyi görürler. Bir cemiyeti teşkil eden esasların hali ile münferid bir adamın siyerinde çok fark vardır. Ama ferdlerin cemiyet halindeki siyerleri tedkik olunabilirse o cemiyet içinde vukua gelen hadiselerin esbabı da kolayca anlaşılır. Mamafih her hangi bir şahsın mefkureleri layıkıyla bilinmek suretiyle o şahsın cemiyet içinde yapacağı işler vukua getireceği hadiseler hakkında hükm verilebilir. Bununla beraber şu muhakkak tarih hiçbir vakit hakiki bir ilm olamaz.

Здесь мы приводим отрывки из речей Гамаля Абдель Насера, произнесенных им по разным поводам, и перевод их на различные живые языки, которые изучаются в нашей школе. Мы преследуем этим цель дать восточному и западному мирам кивой образ борьбы арабского народа за свободу и построение мирного, основанного на взаимной помощи, социалистического, демократического общества с тем, чтобы люди за рубежом узнали правду об арабском национализме ж познакомились с его целями: нейтралитет и мир. Мы надеемся, что этим .мы осуществим некоторую часть миссии нашей .школы по отношению к любимой родине.

Objective: Pyelonephritis cause cellular death, and developmentof scars in kidneys. The aim of this study is todemonstrate a correlation (if any) between renal scar, andsize of the scar induced by BCG vaccine in children whohad experienced urinary tract infections. In case of detectionof any correlation, BCG scar formation can be usedas a determinative marker of renal scars, which developfollowing urinary tract infection.Methods: Patients with a history of urinary tract infectionat least 4 months old who had undergone 99mTcDMSAscanning were included in this study. Vertical and horizontaldiameters of BCG scars of the patients in the studygroup were measured. For statistical analysis the greatestdiameter was taken into consideration, and the patientswere divided into 2 subgroups based on the greatest diameterof their BCG scars (Subgroups 1, ≤5 mm, and 2,>5 mm). The patients were also evaluated in 2 groupsas those with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) scars. Bothgroups were compared with subgroups with the largestscar diameters of ≤ 5mm or >5 mmResults: Study population included 108 (82 girls) patients.DMSA detected scars in a total of 51 patients.Mean ages of the patients with and without scars were notdifferent (p=0.414). No significant difference was found insize of the BCG scars between renal scar positive andnegative groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: No correlation was found between developmentof renal scar and the size of BCG scar in childrenafter urinary tract infection. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (1):8-12Key words: BCG scar, renal scar, urinary tract infection,children

The morphological structure “-maz+lan-” is not using often in modern Turkish language, thereby it is seem as alien element; although it was widely use in historical Turkish dialects.The scientists came to the common opinion, that the suffix “-maz,-mez” was the result of the combination of privative suffix “-ma, -me” and the participle or preformative suffix “-z”. The second part of this structure is suffix “la-n” or “lan”.There is no more examples for “maz+lan-” in the Turkish-Turkish Dictionary accept “bilmezlen-” But there are examples as “olmazlan-, almazlan-, görmezlen-, işitmezlen-, gitmezlen-”, which took place in historical Turkish dialects and some literary works. In this study, investigates morphological structures “görmezlen-, görmezlikten gel-, görmemezlikten gel-” and similar structures, their meanings and form characteristics <br> <br> -mAz+lAn- yapısı, modern Türkiye Türkçesinde sık kullanılan bir biçim olmadığı için kulağımıza yabancı gibi gelmektedir. Oysa bu yapının, Türkçenin tarihî lehçelerinde daha geniş bir kullanım alanına sahip olduğunu görüyoruz. -maz, -mez ekinin -ma,-me olumsuzluk eki ile -z partisip veya fiilden isim yapım eki ile oluştuğu görüşü, bilim adamlarınca kabul edilmiştir. Yapının ikinci kısmı ise +la-n- veya +lan- şeklinde olduğu bilinmektedir. -mAz+lAn- yapısıyla ilgili olarak Türkçe Sözlük’te bilmezlen- kelimesinin dışında bir örneğe rastlamıyoruz. Ancak tarihî lehçelerde ve günümüz sözlüklerine girmemiş bazı eserlerde, olmazlan-; almazlan-; görmezlen-; işitmezlen-; gitmezlen- gibi örneklerle karşılaşmaktayız. Söz konusu makalede, görmezlen-; görmezlikten gel-; görmemezlikten gel- ve benzeri biçimlerin, anlam ve şekil özellikleri üzerinde durulacaktır.

In this study, elasto-plastic stress analysis is carried out in a polymer matrix composite cantilever beam of arbitrary fiber orientation subjected to a single transverse force applied to the free end by using the anisotropic elasticity theory. The residual stress component of ?x and yield points are determined for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° fiber orientation angles. The yielding begins for 0° and 90° fiber orientation angles at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam at the same distances from the free end. It is seen that the yielding begins for 30°, 45° and 60° fiber orientation angles at the upper surface of the beam. The intensity of the residual stress component of ?x is maximum at the upper and lower surfaces of the beam. In this study, the residual stress component of ?x obtained for the polymer matrix composite thermoplastic cantilever beam reinforced by reinforced unidirectional fibers is compared with that of the thermoplastic cantilever beam reinforced by woven Cr-Ni steel fibers.

Küreselleşme günümüzde tüm dünyayı etkilemektedir. Kendisini küreselleşmeye adapte etmiş şirketler bu küreselleşme sürecinin getirdiği avantajlardan yararlanmaya çalışırken, yerel piyasalardaki şirketler de daha fazla satış ve üretim yapabileceği yeni yabancı pazarlarlar arayışı içine girmişlerdir. Bu amaçla şirketler, pazarlama faaliyetlerinde uluslararasılaşma stratejilerinin bir kısmını benimsemektedirler. Yeni bir yabancı pazara girmek isteyen şirketlerin benimseyebileceği üç temel giriş stratejisi bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, yeni pazara ihracat yoluyla giriş, girilecek piyasadaki partnerlerle ürün, hizmet ve marka kullanım anlaşmaları yaparak sözleşme yoluyla giriş ve doğrudan yatırım yaparak giriş stratejileridir. Yabancı bir piyasaya giriş yapan firmalar, yeni kültürlerle, farklı tüketici alışkanlıklarıyla, rakiplerin güçlü rekabetiyle ve ilgili piyasada uyulması gereken yeni yasalarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bütün bu farklılıklarla başa çıkmak isteyen şirketler, ürünlerini pazar gereklerine uydurarak ilgili piyasadaki tüketicilerin beğenisine sunmaktadırlar. Pazarda rekabet edebilmek için uygulanan bu tür ürün stratejilerinin, fiyatlama, dağıtım, tutundurma faaliyetleri içeren pazarlama stratejileri ile de desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Makalemizin amacı, yerel piyasalarda faaliyet gösteren bir şirketin uluslararasılaşması ve yabancı piyasalarda rekabet edebilmesi için ne gibi stratejileri benimsemesi gerektiğinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda şirketlerin uluslararasılaşma stratejileri, yabancı pazarlarda rakiplerle rekabet edebilmek için benimsenmesi gereken satış ve pazarlama stratejileri üzerinde yoğunlaşılmıştır.

Bu makale 19 Nisan 1938 tarihinde meydana gelen Kırşehir depreminin etkisini, felaketin ardından alınan tedbirleri ve sonrasında yapılan çalışmaları, arşiv belgeleri, süreli yayınlar ve ilgili literatür kullanarak incelemektedir. Kırşehir başta olmak üzere Yozgat, Ankara, Çorum, Kayseri gibi illerin kapsayan depremin birinci derecede etkili olduğu alanın genişliği 226, ikinci derecede etkili olduğu alanın genişliği ise 1550 kilometrekaredir. Çok sayıda kişinin hayatını kaybettiği bu deprem sonrası yaraların sarılabilmesi, yıkılan evlerin yeniden inşa edilebilmesi için hükûmet vakit kaybetmeksizin çalışma başlatmıştır. İlk etapta alınan sağlık ve güvenlik tedbirlerinin yanı sıra bölgeye gönderilen inceleme heyetlerinin raporları doğrultusunda faaliyetler sürdürülmüştür. Bunun dışında yurdun dört bir tarafında yardım kampanyaları düzenlenmiş, halk felaketzedelere destek vermek için âdeta seferber olmuştur. Abstract: This article examines the Kırsehir earthquake of April 19, 1938 along with its impact and the recovery work took place after the disaster in light of archival documents, periodicals, and secondary literature. The Kırsehir-epicentered earthquake was felt in the neighboring cities of Yozgat, Ankara, and Corum, and Kayseri and its primary impact zone stretched to 226 sequare kilometers while its secondary impact zone streched to 1550 square kilometers. After this deadly eathquake, which claimed large numbers of lives, the government immediately started working on recovery and rebuilding efforts. Beyond emergency healthcare and security needs, the government acted according to the reports of government observers. Moreover, a nationwide disaster relief campaigns mobilized people to help the victims of earthquake. Key Words:

Siyasetname type of works (book of goverment) have been written in the history of Islamic political thought. These are written in a plain language and written works of a cautionary nature for them to the Sultan. These Works Express the features the Sultan should have and will ensure a sense of justice among the people to be processed and handled. These Works also advocate single management as a political system (monarchy). In these works sultan, state, public and folk were often resorted with metaphors. The shadow of the Almighty, the shepherd, the captain of the ship, gardener, tree trunk, the sun are the metaphors used for the sultan; as to the state; lot, ship, tree, garden, etc. metaphorical expressions are used.

...

Purpose: Salvage cystectomy is performed when recurrences or treatment failures occur or curative treatment for bladder cancer is not possible . In this article, we aimed to present our experience of salvage cystectomies in light of current literature. Material and Methods: Folders of patients underwent salvage cystectomy between August 2011 and May 2013 were compared according to demographics, pre and post operative pathology reports, complicatons and types of urinary divertion. Results: Mean follow-up was 10,3 (3-20,8) months. When pathologies were compared by peroperative transurethral resection (TUR), 2 (18.1%) patients were T1, 8 (%72.7) patients were T2, 1 (9%) patient was T4; pathology specimens following cystectomy was T2 in 4 (36.3%), T3 in 3 (27.2%) and T4 in 4 (36.3%) patients. 1 patient had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 patients had lymph node metastasis. 1 patient suffered from bleeding, one patient sufferd from ileal extravasation, 1 suffered from urine extravasation and one patient suffered from infection in early postoperative period (<90 days). 2 patients had anastomosis stricture after 90 days. 2 patients had to be managed by radiotherapy because of recurrent mass and metastasis. One patient died because of cardiopulmonary issues and one patient died from cirrhosis. Conclusion: Even though it is associated with higher risk of complications, salvage cystectomy can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

The present study explores department of Physics prep students’ (department of Physics students attending English preparatory program) relative performance in English grammar by the use of contextual learning materials in the actual classroom instruction based on the contextual learning theory. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of teaching grammar in physics context for the physics prep students to increase their interests in learning English. Another primary goal of the study is to evaluate the teaching activities which are developed in accordance with the REACT (relating, experiencing, applying, cooperating and transferring) strategy in context based approach. The study was with 25 students of Physics at an English prep-school in Turkey. With the aim of determining the effect of contextual teaching materials, sample lessons based on the contextual knowledge and the target grammar points were made. Following the lessons, a structured interview was delivered to the five of the participants. One result is that the incorporation of REACT strategy into the teaching of English to the Physics students proved to be useful for the learners who took part in the study, adding that relating, experiencing, applying, cooperating and transferring the knowledge respectively helped them use and retain the knowledge far more than the traditional classroom teaching methods in grammar teaching. Another specific outcome of the overall findings is that students were able to establish connections between what they learn and how that knowledge can be utilized in physics, which, in turn, has increased their motivation to a higher level. Key Words: Contextual Learning, REACT, Physics Students

Objective: Problems are encountered in the therapy of enterococcal infections due to their intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and increasing glycopeptide resistance in recent years. That is why clinical trials are required to test new antibiotics for the treatment. In this study, we investigated susceptibility to linezolid, daptomycin and tigecycline in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains. Methods: Totally, 58 of VRE strains obtained from various clinical specimens were included in the study. The strains identified as enterococci by conventional methods and Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson, USA) was utilized for further identification of the strains and determination of their resistance to vancomycin. Vancomycin resistance in these strains was confirmed by E-test. Using the same method 58 VRE strains were test ed for linezolid and daptomycin and 47 VRE strains for tigecycline. Results: MIC50, MIC90 and MIC range for vancomycinresistant strains was detected as 0.75, 1.5, and 0047-2 μg/ml for linezolid; 1, 2 and 0.19-3 μg/ml for daptomycin and 0064, 0125, and 0.016-0.19 μg/ml for tigecycline, respectively. No strain resistant to linezolid, daptomycin; tigecycline was detected. Conclusion: Although linezolid maintains its importance as effective antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by VRE, recently introduced daptomycin and tigecycline with their low MIC values occur as good treatment options.

In this study, capacity estimations with the incorporation of Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2010 method are evaluated. Parameter based sensitivity analysis on calculations with the new HCM formula and a comparative evaluation of the new methodology with two most common capacity analysis methods, i.e., the method of critical gap acceptance and the method of regression analysis, are performed. Maximum and minimum headway intervals of follow up time and critical gap parameters are alternated within the sensitivity analysis. The Transport Research Laboratory formula for regression and Australian formula for gap acceptance method are considered in comparison. Relative comparisons of predictions on capacity by HCM2010 method, regression analysis and gap acceptance method are presented considering field data obtained by observations at two roundabouts in Izmir, Turkey. The results of the study show that the HCM2010 formula led to lower capacity estimates than regression analysis and higher estimates than the gap acceptance method. Regarding the real capacity observations under high circulating flow-rates the HCM2010 method yielded to more appropriate results than the regression method. In addition to comparisons, studies on the sensitivity analysis show that entry capacity estimates possess sharper changes as smaller follow up headways are accepted.

Enchondromas are benign cartilaginous tumors and tend to present in small bones of hands and feet. Malignant transformation, though rare, is seen more often in multiple rather than solitary enchondromatous. A 70- year-old woman presented with swelling and pain lasting for years at the index finger of the right hand. Excisional curettage material of the mass revealed to be entirely an enchondroma. Seven months later, the lesion recurred at the same localization and amputation of the finger was performed. This time the tumor was found to be transformed into an intermediate grade (grade II) which demonstrated chondrosarcoma intermingled with classical enchondromatous areas. Enchondromas arising at the hands and feet very rarely transform into chondrosarcomas. Since enchondromas at this site often show histological and clinical features suggestive of malignancy, it is often is difficult to make a histological distinction between benign cartilaginous tumors and chondrosarcomas. Detection of radiological as well as pathological findings are essential for differential diagnosis. This case is remarkable for she has a solitary enchondroma located at the index finger of the right hand that transformed into chondrosarcoma in seven months.

Uterine prolapse, common in old and multiparous women, has been reported as a rare cause of obstructive uropathy. In this case, the management of a 75-year-old female patient who presented at the outpatient clinic with a history of anuresis and diagnosed with total uterine prolapse, bilateral hydronephrosis, urinary infection and acute renal failure is presented. The renal failure clinical picture regressed with appropriate treatment. However, the patient refused surgery and chose to have a pessary implemented. Four months after dismissal, she was readmitted to the hospital with recurrent renal failure that required dialysis treatment. The patient did not respond to therapy and was placed on a chronic dialysis program with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease due to posterenal causes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether art education creates a difference on moral behavior and to determine college students’ moral behaviors through their perceptions of their parents’ pro-social behaviors. The subjects of this study consist of 202 college students (Female: 125, Male: 77). Moral behavior was measured by using the “Scale of Evaluating Moral Behavior”, which was developed by Hogan (1973) and Blasi (1980). In order to measure pro-social behaviors, the “Scale of Child and Family” was used. This instrument was developed by Lennon and Others in 1987. The results showed that art education did not create a difference on moral behavior. Moral behavior was found to be significantly related with fathers’ pro-social behaviors and the personal moral character subscale of Scale of Evaluating Moral Behavior was significantly predicted to the subgroups of mothers’ understanding of emotions and fathers’ need of helping. These results were discussed in relation with the literature on moral behavior and the development of pro-social behaviors.

Barbarea bracteosa Guss. (Brassicaceae) recently collected from İstanbul, is reported as a new record for the Flora of Turkey. It was identified using the collected specimens and Flora Europaea. The description and illustrations of the species are given and a key is presented below to the fourteen species found in Turkey.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was carried out in an attempt to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Selcuk University, Aksehir Health High School students concerning organ donation. Instrument and Method: The population of the research which was carried out within a definitive type is consisted of the students (N:181) receiving education at Selcuk University Aksehir Health High School. No sampling was chosen in the research and all the students who accepted the research were included within the research after obtaining the required written permission from the school management (N:170). The data of the research were assessed on the SPSS for Windows 10.0 program. Findings: 170 students participated in the study whose ages range between 18-23. 17,6% of the students are male and 82,4% of them are female students. 98,8% of the students consider the organ donation significant. However, 94,7% of the students have not donated organ yet. While 86,5% of the students are aware of the organ donation, 14,5% of them do not have knowledge of the organ donation. The students who are aware of the organ donation have obtained 48,2% of these knowledge from radio and television. While 51,8% of the students consider to donate their organs, 40,6% of them are undecided concerning the organ donation. 41,2% of the students who consider to donate their organs believe that organ donation is effective in life saving. 2,4% of the students who do not consider to donate their organs do not want them their dead bodies to be interfered. 55,3% of the students do not know to which institution to apply in order to donate their organs. Conclusion: The students are supposed to be constantly trained about organ donation. Key Words: Organ donation, university students, attitude [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(2.000): 175-180]

<p>Bu çalışmada ilköğretim 6.sınıf öğrencilerinin yazılı anlatımlarında kullandıkları zaman ekleri tespit edilerek bunların kullanım sıklıkları ve kullanım oranları hesaplanmıştır. Böylece ilköğretim 6. sınıf öğrencilerinin hangi zaman eklerini, ne sıklıkla ve hangi oranlarda kullandıkları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Dolayısıyla Türkçe öğretiminde yardımcı ve destekleyici bir alan olan dil bilgisi öğretiminde zaman eklerinin sistematik bir biçimde öğretilebilmesi için kılavuzluk edebilecek sonuçlara ulaşmak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada Ankara ilinden beş ilköğretim okulunda 150 öğrenciye yazılı anlatım çalışması yaptırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bazı zaman eklerinin, öğrencilerin yazılı anlatımlarında ya çok az kullanıldığı ya da hiç kullanılmadığı görülmüştür. Buna bağlı olarak da dil bilgisi öğretiminde zaman eklerinin öğrencilere kavratılmasına yönelik bazı önerilerde bulunulmuş ve Türkçe ders kitaplarına alınacak metinlerde zaman ekleriyle ilgili dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar vurgulanmıştır.</p><p><strong>Anahtar kelimeler:</strong> dil bilgisi, dil bilgisi öğretimi, zaman ekleri, işlev, yazılı anlatım.</p>

Indexes are the parts that make scientific studies more practical. It’s noticeable that in Turkey, most of the studies in the form of books or thesis lack indexes. The details given systematically in this paper aim to help general researchers save time while compiling indexes and lead those who work in the field of social sciences and who don’t have enough knowledge and experience in this area to compile indexes. If researchers take the details presented in this paper into consideration, they will be able to compile indexes in their works easily, without losing much time

[Turkish abstract]Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de kütüphanecilik ve bilgi yönetimi alanlarında kullanıcılar konusunda yapılan tez ve makaleler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla yüksek lisans ve doktora tezleri ile alanın önemli süreli yayınları olan Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği Bülteni (1952-1986), Türk Kütüphaneciliği (1987-2006) ve Bilgi Dünyası (2000-2006) dergilerinde yayımlanan makaleler araştırılmıştır. İncelenen 239 tezin 42’sinde (%17,57) ve 1788 makalenin 44’ünde (%2,4) kullanıcılara doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak yer verildiği saptanmıştır. Tezlerin %88’i (42 tez) 1990 sonrasında yapılmıştır. İçerik analizi sonuçlarına göre tezlerin %69’unda kullanıcıların bir bilgi merkezi veya sistemiyle ilişkilendirildiği; %83’ünde betimleme yönteminin kullanıldığı; anketin en sık kullanılan veri toplama tekniği olduğu ve araştırmaların akademisyenler üzerinde yoğunlaştığı anlaşılmaktadır. Makalelerde ise 1971 yılına kadar kullanıcı faktörünün incelenmediği, 1980’li yıllarda bu konuya gösterilen ilginin nispeten arttığı, 1990 sonrasında ise ilgili makale sayısında büyük bir artış olduğu görülmektedir. Makalelerde en sık (%40) araştırılan kullanıcı grubunun öğrenciler olduğu; ağırlıkla bilgi okuryazarlığı ve okuma alışkanlığı konularına değinildiği; betimleme yöntemi ile anket ve görüşme tekniklerinin en sık tercih edilen yöntem ve veri toplama teknikleri olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.[English Abstract]In this paper, theses and articles on librarianship and information management focusing on users are studied. Masters and PhD theses along with articles published in the most important periodicals of the field, Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği Bülteni (1952-1986), Türk Kütüphaneciliği (1987-2006) and Bilgi Dünyası (2000-2006), are examined. Some 42 out of 239 theses (17.57%) and 44 out of 1788 articles (2.4%) focused on users either directly or indirectly. The majority of such theses (88%) were written after 1990. Content analysis of theses indicates that users have been studied primarily in relation with an information center or system (69%); academicians as a user group was studied most often; survey as a research method was used in 83% of the theses; and, the questionnaire was the most popular data gathering technique. Although no articles emphasizing the users were published before 1971, a growing interest towards the users was detected in 1980s. The number of articles published on the subject significantly increased after 1990. Also, findings on articles indicate that students were the most frequently surveyed user group (40%); subjects such as information literacy and reading habits were studied the most while surveys, questionnaires and interviews were the most popular research methods and data collection techniques.

OBJECTIVE: Dysphagia and malnutrition are not so rare in stroke patients, and have an unfavorable influence on recovery. Nutritional support may reduce infections, duration of hospital stay and mortality. However, there is no clear evidence about the modality of nasogastric nutrition. In this study, intermittent and continuous enteral nutrition is compared by means of pulmonary infections and gastrointestinal tolerance, among acute cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Sixty two acute cerebrovascular patients with dysphagia were included the study. The same volume of nutrition product was infused 4 times daily to 31 patients, and continuously for 24 hours to the remaining 31. After 10 days of follow-up, the rates of pulmonary infections, diarrhea, increased gastric residual volumes, vomiting and tube occlusion were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Twenty patients developed pneumonia (32%) and 8 diarrhea (13%). Mortality due to complications associated with tube feeding was 6%. Aspiration and related pneumonia was present in 11 patients in the intermittent nutrition group (35%), and in 9 patients in the continuous nutrition group (29%). The rate of pulmonary infection was not statistically different between two groups (p>0.05). Diarrhea was observed in 7 intermittently fed patients (23%), while was present only in 1 patient (3%) in the continuously fed group. Diarrhea was more common in the intermittent nutrition group, just at the statistical border (p=0.05). None of the patients developed tube occlusion, vomiting and gastric retention. The rate of mortality and the interruption of feeding was not significantly different between two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Diarrhea and pulmonary infections are more prevalent with intermittent tube feeding with respect to continuous enteral nutrition, though the difference is not so conspicuous. The reason may be contamination of the equipments and the feeding solution because of frequent manipulation and interruption of infusion. Continuous infusion should be preferred for the acute stroke patient requiring nasogastric feeding.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among push factors, information search and holiday satisfaction in the purchasing process of domestic tourists. At first, a literature review was conducted with regards to the research. Then a questionnaire was developed from the studies reviewed in the literature. Data were collected by researchers in face-to-face interviews with 375 tourists in Muğla region and then these were analyzed through SPSS and LISREL statistical programs. Structural and convergent validity of the data were presented for consideration via the explanatory factor analysis. Afterwards, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses leading to determination of the relationship among push factors, information search and holiday satisfaction. A positive relationship was found between push factors and information search. Similarly, a positive and meaningful relationship was found between push factors and holiday satisfaction, and between information search and holiday satisfaction, as well. Consequently, all hypotheses were accepted.

The aim of this study is “Dumlupınar and Sakarya Universities’ Physical Education and Sport School Students’ Participation Reasons and Participation Level in Leisure Time Activities”. The system of this reseach contains the students of Physical Education and Sport in Sakarya and Dumlupınar Universities’.The exemplification of the study is formed with 336 students (from Sakarya University 167 and Dumlupınar University 169 students). A questionnaire including demographyc information and participation reasons in leisure time activities have been aplied to the students. As a statistical method chi-square and cross-tabulation were performed for finding significance about features (p > 0.05). SPSS 11.5 (Statistical Package Program) has been used the data and to final the calculated mean.

In this study, the views of information technologies guide teachers working in primary schools with respect to the problems they encounter about computer occupational ethics and their solution offers aimed at these problems have been tried to be presented. This research, figured in accordance with the qualitative research processes, is a case study. The target population of this study is consisted of information technologies guide teachers working in the primary schools located in the city centre of Eskişehir in 2013-2014 academic years. Total 22 voluntary information technologies guide teachers participated in to the study. The data have been collected through semi-structured interview method. Content analysis has been used for data analysis. The findings concerning the themes procured at the end of the analysis have been presented with tables. Frequency calculation has been used in the study in accordance with the aims of digitizing quantitative data. Sample sentences have been cited in relation to the sub-themes via findings and interpretations. At the end of the research it has been observed that the participants, generally, could not give complete and correct answers to the questions related to computer ethics. It may be recommended that “Computer Occupational Ethics” lesson be evaluated within the scope of compulsory lessons in all departments related to computer.

The Hungarian algorithm is one of the most well-known methods in computer science literature. By this method, in each step the cost matrix is systematically reduced to a new matrix in order to obtain an optimal solution for the assignment problem. The subroutine of the algorithm includes determining the minimum number of lines needed to cover all zeros in the reduced cost matrix and modifying the matrix according to the number of lines. In this paper, firstly the methods in literature including the covering all zeros with a minimum number of lines are examined, then a new method is proposed and computational experiments are discussed.

The aim of this study is to formulate and estimate a model for the palm oil market in Nigeria with a view to identifying principal factors that shape the Nigerian palm oil industry. Four structural equation models comprising palm oil production, import demand, domestic demand and producer price have been estimated using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration approach over the 1970 to 2011 period. The results reveal that significant factors that influence the Nigerian palm oil industry include the own price, technological improvements, and income level. Government expenditure on agricultural development is also an important determinant, which underscores the need for government support in agriculture. Our model provides a useful framework for analyzing the effects of changes in major exogenous variables such as income or import tariff on the production, demand, and price of palm oil.

This study was aimed to determine the time of stopping breastfeeding, reasons for topping breastfeeding and methods which mothers&rsquo; used during this period. The study was ompleted by totally 206 mothers. Data were collected by a questionnaire and in the evaluation f the data percentage calculations have been used. It is determined that 34 % of mothers topped breastfeeding when their babies were six months. Mothers&rsquo; main reason for stopping<br />breastfeeding was &quot;lack of milk&quot; (42.7 %). A total of 30.1 percent of the mothers joined to this tudy expressed that they put away their babies from the breast with different applications to the<br />nipple.

Bu makale “28 Şubat sürecinden” sonra Türkiye’de post-İslamcı elitlerin geçirdiği dönüşümü incelemektedir.Temel tezimize göre AKP çevresinde toplanan post-İslamcı elitler Kemalist düzenin reddi yerine makul bir eleştirisini benimseyerek tek başına iktidar olabilecek bir kitle partisi oluşturmuştur. “Adil düzen” hayalinden vazgeçen post-İslamcılar ülkeyi küresel kapitalist sisteme entegre etmeyi tercih etmiştir. Küresel ve yerel dinamiklerin dönüşümünü iyi kavramış ve söylemlerini İslami çerçeveden demokrasi ve insan hakları çerçevesine kaydırmıştır. Bu noktada radikal Milli Görüş cephesinden ayrışarak “kabul edilebilir sınırlar” içinde yer almış ve böylece kendilerine meşru bir siyaset zemini yaratmıştır.This article examines the transformation of post-Islamic elites in Turkey after the “February 28 process”. According to our main thesis post-Islamic elites clustered around the JDP, have created a self-sustaining majority party through a moderate critique rather than an outright rejection of the Kemalist establishment. These post-Islamists, who have given up the dream of building a “just order”, have instead choosen to integrate Turkey into the global capitalist system. They have grasped well the transformation of global and local dynamics and shifted their rhetoric from a framework of Islam to democracy and human rights. At this point by dissociating from the radicalNational Outlook front they have remained within “acceptable limits” and thus have created a legitimate political ground.

<p>Non è di certo un’esperienza poco comune trovarsi ad affrontare testi di cui non si possiedono gli strumenti giusti di lettura o, in altri termini, la cui difficoltà non corrisponde alla reale capacità di comprensione dei lettori a cui tali testi sono destinati. Un’esperienza, questa, che chiunque può trovarsi ad affrontare, dal bambino che compie i primi passi nel mondo della lettura, al lettore con un buon bagaglio di letture alle spalle, fino al lettore esperto, e che vale per tutte le tipologie di testi. In un saggio<a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftn1">[1]</a> pubblicato nel 2003 da Daniele Fortis<a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftn2">[2]</a>, l’autore condanna la <em>non-leggibilità</em> del linguaggio della pubblica amministrazione che, pur avendo come scopo primario quello di comunicare efficacemente con i cittadini, risulta colmo di “<em>parole antiquate, termini tecnici, inutili neologismi, sigle indecifrabili, frasi lunghe e verbose, un periodare tortuoso, una cattiva gestione dell'informazione</em>”<a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftn3">[3]</a> tanto da meritarsi a pieno diritto l’appellativo di burocratese.</p> <div><br /> <hr size="1" /><div><p><a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftnref1">[1]</a> Fortis D., <em>Il Plain language, quando le istituzioni si fanno capire</em>. I quaderni del MdS, maggio 2003.</p></div> <div><p><a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Fortis D., Linguista, comunicatore pubblico ed esperto di scrittura professionale e di linguaggio amministrativo. Ha prodotto diversi saggi che vertono sulla problematica della leggibilità del linguaggio della pubblica amministrazione.</p></div> <div><p><a href="file:///F:/b4%20doctorate%202/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A.doc#_ftnref3">[3]</a> Fortis D., op. cit. p. 3</p></div></div>

OBJECTIVE: Secondary arteriovenous fistula (AVF) management with saphenous vein (SV) graft and basilic vein transposition (BVT) in HD-dependent patients are good alternatives. A concurrent series of patients was reviewed to evaluate the patency and complication rates after AVF formation. MATERIAL and METHODS: From January 2006 to January 2010, 40 secondary HD access procedures were performed in 40 consecutive patients. All access procedures were planned on the basis of preoperative duplex ultrasonography (USG) scans of arm and forearm veins. Functional patency was defined as the ability to cannulate the patient for HD successfully. Primary and secondary cumulative functional patency of SV grafts and BVT's were determined with the Kaplan Meier test, differences were analyzed with Log Rank test, and differences in revision rates including thrombolysis thrombectomies and operative revisions were analyzed with the Z test and the Fisher exact T test. RESULTS: Mean follow up was 48 months (range 43-54 months). Risk factors were similar between the two groups. SV group and BVT group had similar patency ratings. The HD access complication rates were higher in the SV group. CONCLUSION: Our data strongly support the notion that the BVT must always be considered before an SV graft as long as the patient is a candidate for an upper arm secondary AVF creation based on anatomical criteria

Thornton Wilder’s The Skin of Our Teeth is one of the earliest precursors of apocalyptic themes in modern American drama. The play, written in 1942 when America was plunging into the enormity of World War II, criticizes the progress of humanity, life struggle, unity of American family, rise of technology and war using apocalypse as a metaphor. The focus of the play is on the Antrobuses—a typical American family with two children and a maid who have to survive apocalypses such as the glacier, the deluge and the war respectively in three acts. The recurrent image of apocalypse reveals a sense of both an ending—despair and a new beginning—hope. This study examines Wilder’s apocalyptic vision in The Skin of Our Teeth by comparing it to the traditional form of apocalypse which contains the duality of hope and despair.

Objective: The diagnosis of trichomoniasis, which is a parasitic disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites inhabiting urogenital system, can be carried out through various serologic, molecular, and microscopic means. The transmision of this parasite is caused not only by sexual activity but also shared use of underclothes, swimsuits, swimming pools, and toilets. This study explores prevalence of T.vaginalis among medical cases involving vaginal discharge in the city of Kütahya and compares diagnosis methods of DNA hybridization, and, native and stained microscopic examinations.Method: For this purpose, a search for T. vaginalis was carried out in 237 patients with complaints involving vaginal discharge whose vaginal secretion specimens could be taken by a sterile cotton swab from posterior vaginal fornix during medical examinations at Dumlupinar University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Polyclinic over the years from 2006 through 2008. Samples were analyzed by DNA hybridization test (Affirm™ VPIII, Becton Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD), and microscopic examination of native and Giemsa stained preparations.Results: The ages of patients were between 18-53 with an average age of 40.2 (±11.4). Out of 237 samples taken from patients, 18 (7.6 %) were found to be positive for T.vaginalis under native microscopic examination and 17 (7.2 %) Giemsa stained examination, whereas, Affirm™ VPIII examination positive results amounted to 19 (8 %). The existence of the parasite was found by observation of moving T.vaginalis trophozoites and also stained trophozoites in Giemsa preparations. In Affirm™ VPIII examination, resulting images were observed colorimetrically through changes in coloring probs; and grouped as either positive or negative. Statistical analysis (SPSS 13.0) of data produced no meaningful difference between diagnostic methods used (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of T. vaginalis among women in Kütahya was studied for the first time and 8 % of them were found to be hosting the parasite. In epidemiological studies among randomly selected female subjects prevalence varied from 5 to 25 % , therefore, the prevalence among all the women of the city might be higher. No meaningful difference appeared between diagnostic methods used (p>0.05). Though the diagnosis of T. vaginalis infection with the help of cultured media is acknowledged as the golden standard, the duration of exact diagnosis might extend up to a week. A faster method is needed in pregnant women to prevent maternal and perinatologic complications, and quick tests like DNA hybridization are also employed. This test has the advantage of producing results within two hours, and operability without experienced personnel and other equipment; while having the disadvantage of higher operational costs compared to microscopic and other cultured media methods.

Objective: Recent insights that have emerged in local meetings with participation of pathology residents are promising as regards achieving progress in pathology residency training. Accordingly, in this study, overall pathology residency training in Turkey is discussed in detail from the pathology residents' point of view; current data and suggestions for the solutions of problems are presented.Material and Method: Two questionnaires were applied to resident representatives and overall residents, respectively, from 23 institutions including 12 Universities and 11 Ministry of Health education and Research Hospitals.Results: The total number of participating residents was 138; 74 from University hospitals and 64 from Education and Research Hospitals. An adequate number of cases per resident, widespread use of multiocular microscopes, increasing number of macroscopy technicians, ongoing educational meetings and renewal projects of the physical environment were the positive findings. However, the lack of autopsy practice, insufficient number of lectures, communication problems between resident and senior staff due to inadequate feedback mechanism, insufficient numbers of academic staff in education and research hospitals and lack of educational material in some basic branches of surgical pathology were negative findings. During pathology training, the major stress factor was the pathology workload inhibiting optimal learning. Feedback provision and scheduled working habits were the two qualities, which were needed to be improved by senior staff. Two fields, suggested by the senior residents to be incompetent were intraoperative consultation and cytopathology. When overall satisfaction for pathology residency training was considered, it was near 80% in Universities, while it remained around 40% in Education and Research Hospitals (p=0.000).Conclusion: Positive and negative aspects addressed in this survey will provide data for the new regulations in pathology residency training in Turkey.

<span style="color: #515151;">Cohesive soil exhibits various degrees of swelling potential due to their clay contents and minerals. Many studies have been conducted to determine the degree of swelling of cohesive soil in the literature. These studies are related with the percentage of clay and colloid, plasticity index, shrinkage limit, activity, liquid limit, the water content and absorption and some of them give tables and others give graphics. In this study, the swelling potential of cohesive soil depending on liquid limit and natural water content were investigated. The graphical relation in literature was solved and a general equation between the water content and liquid limit of cohesive soil was determined for predicting swelling percentage. It is understood that the relation of swelling percentage between water content and liquid limit is not logarithmic as given in the literature, but it is an exponential equation with a -0.187w power constant N. The proposed methodology was applied to cohesive soil between Avcılar and Esenyurt. In literature classifications for swelling potential are variable and these definitions are inconsistent with each other. Whereas reliable numerical values for swelling are obtained by the proposed approach of swelling potential associated with clays water content.</span>

Multiple primary lung cancers (MPLC) are named synchronous if determined simultaneously with the index tumor, and metachronous if the second tumor is diagnosed with an accepted time after the first tumor. It is important for both the rate of survival and treatment alternatives to differentiate synchronous MPLCs from the metastases of the primary lung tumors, and also from the multiple pulmonary metastases of the extra pulmonary tumors. In this study, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment processes of three synchronous MPLC cases diagnosed in our department were assessed.

Objective: Phyllodes tumor is a rare fibroepithelial neoplasia of the breast. Tumors are classified according to the histological criteria as benign, borderline, malignant groups. Criteria used to discriminate benign/malignant cases are stromal cytological atypia, stromal hypercellularity, mitotic rate, stromal overgrowth, and tumor margins. We designed this study retrospectively to see the validity of these criteria for our case group and investigate whether we could add any new criteria.Material and Method: We included 22 cases diagnosed as phyllodes tumor from our archives. Pathology records were used for age, tumor site, macroscopic size. The Hematoxylin-Eosin stained slides were reviewed according to the defined criteria. Additionally leaf like growth pattern, stromal hyalinization, calcification, stromal giant cells, stromal neutrophil leukocyte, and mononuclear lymphocytic infiltrate were recorded qualitatively (present/absent) and numerically (mild, moderate, severe). We examined the differences between benign and malignant groups with the Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests.Results: The previously defined criteria were statistically significant but stromal giant cells, stromal hyalinization, calcification, stromal neutrophil and mononuclear lymphocytic infiltrate intensity were not statistically significant in determining the benign-borderlinemalignant cases.Conclusion: Stromal hypercellularity, moderate/severe stromal cytological atypia, increased mitotic rate, stromal overgrowth and infiltrative tumor margins were observed in malignant phyllodes tumors. Malignant cases were also older and tumor size was bigger than benign ones.

Objective: In this study, urinary pyridinoline (uPYR), urinary deoxypyridinoline (uDPD) and serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP) levels were measured in patients without metastatic breast cancer and the role of uPYR and uDPD as biochemical markers of bone metastases were examined during a six years follow-up.Materials and methods: Totally, 34 patients without bone metastasis and 40 healthy individuals as a control group were included in the study.Results: Urinary pyridinoline and uDPD levels were significantly higher in patients without bone metastasis than in normal controls (p<0,05), except sALP levels. As a result of a 6-year follow-up of patients, 20.5% had metastasis. The distribution of metastasis types was as follows: 2.9% of those patients had local, 2.9% had liver, 5.9% had lung and 8.8% had bone metastasis. The cut off value, sensitivity and specifity of uPYR was established as 47,3 pmol/μmol creatinin, 82% and 80% respectively. The cut off value, sensitivity and specifity of uDPD were determined as 9.53 pmol/μmol creatinin, 76%, 72% respectively.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that measurement of urinary collagen cross-links assay may contribute to the early detection of metastatic spread to bone in breast cancer. However further studies with larger scaled groups should be performed. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (4): 420-424

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 18pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 31.8pt; text-justify: kashida; text-kashida: 0%;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="RU" style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ansi-language: RU; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">В настоящее время туризм – это не только вид путешествий, совершаемых для одыха, но и для оздоровления, религиозных и других целей. Такая интерсная сфера является столь популярным видом отдыха и продолжает расти по всему миру. Появились новые виды туризма, такие как деловой туризм, лечебный туризм, спортивно-событийный туризм, новогодний туризм, вип-туризм, экологический туризм, коммерческий туризм(поездки с целью закупки дефицитных товаров для дальнейшей продажи их с максимальной прибылью) и др.большинство изучаемых слов не относится к разряду исконно-русских, а заимствованных слов (93% от всего состава). Данная группа слов является продуктивной и всегда заявляют о себе. Продуктивность данной группы слов объясняется интернациональным характером изучаемого человеческого профиля – туризма. Туризм как активная человеческая деятельность в настоящее время действует во очень многих странах одними и теми же механизмами, такими, как трансфером, питанием, развелечением, остановлением и заселением в отелях и др. Кроме того, Русское общество становится открытым к внешнему миру только после распада советского союза, поэтому Россия не является лидером в области туризма, что отражается на лексику туризма и гостиничного бизнеса.Заимствование является естественным и закономерным явлением обогащения любого языка и русский язык в этом отношении не является исключением.Синхронный анализ закономерностей словообразовательной структуры слов определенной человеческой сферы (туристской) и установление соотношений и связей производной и производяшей основ даёт нам правильную, полную и действительную картину о продуктивности / непродуктивности словообразовательных способов и формантов в данной сфере, о многоактивности / малоактивности словообразовательных типов, моделей и категорий. Весь рабочий корпус принадлежат к одному лексико-грамматическому разряду, т.е. к одной части речи - существительным. Выбор имён существительных объясняется их великой и важной ролью в номинации. Нет никакой отрасли человеческой деятельности, в которой не используются имена существительные. Имени существительные как знаменательная часть речи могут называть: конкретные предметы окружающей действительности (<em>багаж, паспорт, шале, шезлонг, номер, отель, бар, ваучер, апартамент</em>), живые существа (<em>турист, хотельер, бармен, беллмэн, басбой, швейцар, пилигриммы</em>), действия и состояния в отвлечении от их производителей (<em>анимация, аннуляция, дайвинг</em>), отвлеченные свойства, признаки<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>и количества в отвлечении от их носителей (<em>комфорт, сезон, пансион, овербукинг, люкс, туризм</em>).</span><span lang="AR-EG" style="line-height: 115%; font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-EG; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

<p>20.yy.’da hız kazanarak değişen yaşam biçimlerimiz, yaşamlarımızın geçtiği mekanları da hızlı biçimde değiştirmektedir. Bu hızlı dönüşüm, insanların geçmiş ile bugün arasındaki dinamikleri daha fazla sorgulamasına, anlamaya çalışmasına sebep olmuş, bu da bellek, kimlik, aidiyet gibi kökenlere ve kültürlere ilişkin çalışmalarda fark edilir bir artışa yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmalardan bellekle ilgili olanların bir kısmı “bellek ve mekan” ilişkisine odaklanmış ve bizlere kent ve mimarlığa ilişkin birçok yeni perspektif kazandırmıştır. Bu makale de, belleğin mekanla kurduğu pek cok ilişkinin yanı sıra, birbiri üzerinden türettiği bir süreklilik ilişkisi içerisinde de olduğunu, Berlin’den verilen bir örnek üzerinden göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.</p> <p>Berlin’ in bugünkü Mitte bölgesinde, yeralan “Ulap Platz” projesi, kentsel ve kolektif bellekte varolan kırılmaları onararak, yeniden sürekliliğini sağlamadaki başarısı sebebiyle bu çalışma kapsamında örneklendirilmiştir. 2008 yılında uygulanmış olan proje, 2010 yılında “Avrupa Kentsel Kamusal Alan Ödülü” nü (The European Prize for Urban Public Space) almıştır.</p><p> </p>

Primary breast lymphoma is rarely encountered in Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. However, if early diagnosis is made, and treatment is started immediately in patients with low grade and stage, patient survival is increased. 39-year old female patient applied us due to a palpable mass. She was diagnosed with the Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma after the investigations. Curative external radiotherapy was applied after 6 courses of CHOP-R chemotherapy to the patient with Stage-IIE favorable, and B symptoms. After 48-month follow up, patient follow up is being continued without any progression, or recurrence or metastasis. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(1.000): 151-157]

The purpose of the present study is to determine the relationship between organizational support and organizational trust of teachers. Organizational support is recognizing the contribution of employees, appreciating and paying attention to them in the organizations. Organizational trust refers to an organizational climate that the employees behave each other in an honest, realistic, helpful and coherent way. The study sample involves 470 primary school teachers working in Tuzla during 2013-2014 educational year. In the present study, the data was collected through the perceived organizational support scale and trust scale. SPSS 21.00 programs were used in analysis of the data. The relationships was tested by Pearson Moments Product Correlation Coefficient. Regression Analysis was used for testing predictive power. Positive, low-level and significant correlations were found towards perceived organizational support and sub-dimensions with organizational trust. Regression analyzes revealed that organizational trust was positively predicted from educational support, administrative support and justice variables. Educational support predicts a high part of the variance. These three variables explain the 10 % of the organizational trust.

Objective: Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of severe physical disability in childhood. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), has rapidly gained acceptance as a different treatment for spasticity. However, no consensus exists among clinicians about optimal dose of BTX-A in pediatric patients. Doses of 2-6 U/ kg bodyweight with a maximum total dose of 29U/kg have been reported. This study was conducted due to uncertain dosage rage in pediatric use. Method: In this study, 12 patients with cerebral palsy and spastic eqinus foot deformity who referred to our center, were treated with BTX-A in the dosage of 25 U/kg. After treatment of BTX-A, patients were followed up total of 6 months. Three months after treatment, Gross motor functional measurement (GMFM) and Modified Ashwort scale (MAS) were done. At the same time, questionnaires (PCQ) were filled for possible side effects. Results: Average age of 6 girls and 6 boys were 4.5 ± 2.8 years. GMFM and MAS were done before and 3 months after treatment and were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Muscle soreness was the most common symptom at PCQ forms. Conclusion: Using these two objective scales and PCQ form, high dose of BTX-A treatment was found statistically successful. Larger dose of BTX-A was used which was considered safe, effective and better tolerated by children. Titration of the dose of BTX-A, should be individualized for each patient due to different level of spasticity affecting patients in different ways. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (1): 93-97

Myotonic dystrophy is the most common myotonic syndrome causing abnormalities of the skeletal and smooth muscles as well as problems related to the cardiac, gastrointestinal and endocrine systems. In affected people, reduced functional residual capacity, vital capacity, and peak inspiratory pressure are observed within the respiratory system. As would be expected, anesthetic management of these patients is challenging for anesthesiologists. In addition, delayed recovery from anesthesia and cardiac and pulmonary complications may develop in the intraoperative and early postoperative periods due to sensitivity to sedatives, anesthetic agents, and neuromuscular blocking agents. Myotonic dystrophy can be performed with the use of appropriate anesthesia procedures as well as carefully communication between anesthesiologists and surgeons. In conclusion, myotonic dystrophy has variations, which makes it important to preoperatively determine specific surgical and anesthetic management strategies for each patient. In this article, we present a patient with myotonic dystrophy who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery for symptomatic cholelithiasis and to discuss the relevant literature.

<span style="font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: TR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">15 sedentary women were taken to study with the aim of to determine the effect of four week exercise at the middle aged women suffering from low back pain (age 27,933&plusmn;3,104, height 163,266&plusmn;5,573, body weight 59,466&plusmn;9,905, BMI 21,933&plusmn;3,127). Participants was informed about low back health and given exercise program. Exercises were put in to practice twice a day for four weeks. Exercise were started five times repeat in first week, ten times in second and it continued fifteen times in third and fourth weeks. Before and the after the exercise program Oswestry Each scale was applied to participants. First and the last tests were compared repeated t test, and the results were evaluated at the level of p&lt;0,05. Decreasing the pain was determined after exercise program of ache, personal caring, heaving, walking, sitting, sleeping, wandering, sexual and social life. In conclusion the exercise program which was applied by the participants, were reduced their low back pain. </span>

<p align="justify">Demography; is defined as a discipline examining human population in terms of its magnitude, structure and development (Üner, 1972). The field of demography involved with the past is named paleo demography. Paleo demography is quiet different from today’s demography. Because in paleodemographic surveys; after a society existed previously but not currently is generated and their age and sexes, as well as population of women, men and children are determined , some information based on these data are presented on average expectancy, population density and health of the society. Determination of paleodemographic structures of 163 pieces of skeletons found in archeological digs carried out between 2001 -2007 in Kelenderis / Theater field - located in Aydıncık; one of the districts of Mersin with its current name- and which have been retro dated to 19th. century as well as displaying their similarities and distinctions with other Anatolian societies comprise the purpose of this work. 50 percent of individuals composing the population belong to baby and children. The rate of this group in general population is 30,67 %. 97 adult individuals consist of 48 women and 49 men. The rate of women in society in general has been determined as 29,45 % whereas this rate has been determined as 30,07 % for men. Age and sexes of remaining 16 individuals could not be specified. When adult individuals’ age average is observed; it is seen that women and men introduced 43,61 42,89 years respectively, whereas the society in general displayed around 43,27 years average values. In Kelendiris society most intensive deaths have been observed in individuals between 0-5 years. Deaths in this interval are represented by a rate of 28,18 % within the society. 45 % babies and children died before 2 years old whereas 82,50 % died before 6 years old. Death by 31 individuals existed within first 5 years decreases the chance of survival of the society prior to reaching adult level down to 71,82 %. This rate can reach up to 34,55 % in advanced adultness stage. Life expectancy of individuals who reached maturity level is 29,33 years. When individuals below 18 are added to life expectancy, life expectancy of the society at birth reaches 29,95 years. The highest life expectancy in the society has been determined as 35,77 years for the ages between 5-10 years.</p>

This study was carried out to determine the effects of pre-harvest aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, 150, 225 ve 300 mg/L) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 20 mg/L) treatments in different doses on storage performance of ‘Ak Sakı’ apple cultivar (Malus domestica Borkh.) in 2012. The changes on some fruit quality parameters were measured at 2±1 oC temperature and with 90±5 % relative humidity at 45 days interval during storage. The lowest weight loss was obtained from 300 mg/L AVG treated fruits during the storage. In the all analysis date, the highest L* value was obtained from 300 mg/L AVG treated fruits, and the lowest hue angle value was reported from the fruits of control treatment. The flesh firmness was determined that the best kept in the 225 and 300 mg/L AVG treated fruits during the storage. The flesh firmness significantly reduced with NAA treatment at the end of storage. The highest soluble solids concentration (SSC) was obtain from control fruit during the storage, whereas the lowest SSC was observed in fruit treated with 300 mg/L AVG. In the all analysis date, the highest titratable acidity was obtained in fruits treated with 225 and 300 mg/L AVG. The starch degradation was delayed with AVG treatments.

Sezai Karakoç who entered into the literary world with his poems published in the early 1950‟s is one of the significant poets of modern Turkish poetry. Karakoç has a remarkable role in the trend called “Second New Poetry” starting from 1950‟s and ending in the early 1960‟s. This role becomes distinct with his essays rather than with his poems. He published essays announcing this poetry movement in the periodical titled Şiir Sanatı (Art of Poetry) issued by himself. Additionally, this periodical became short-lived media organ of a “meeting of friends”, as well. This meeting of friends set the discourse of Second New Poetry on the “Art and Literature” pages of the Pazar Postası journal (Sunday Post journal). Sezai Karakoç was seen as pioneer of the discourse of Second New Poetry with his articles on poetics, his polemics and his critiques published in the Sunday Post. In this article, first, it is intended to briefly draw attention to the two poets who became influential and popular in the modern Turkish poetry on the eve of 1950‟s; then Sezai Karakoç‟s role, effectiveness and influence within Second New Poetry will be evaluated with reference to the periodicals in the 1950‟s and his place within Second New Poetry will be made clear. <br> <br> 1950‟lerin ilk yıllarında yayımlanan şiirleriyle edebiyat dünyasına giren Sezai Karakoç, modern Türk şiirinin önemli şairlerindendir. Karakoç‟un, 1950‟lerde başlayıp 1960‟ların ilk yıllarında tamamlanan “İkinci Yeni Şiiri” içinde dikkate değer bir rolü vardır. Bu rol, şiirlerinden çok yazılarıyla belirginleşir. Kendisinin çıkardığı Şiir Sanatı dergisinde, bu şiir hareketini haber veren yazıları yayımlanmış; ayrıca dergi, bir “arkadaş buluşması”nın kısa ömürlü yayın organı da olmuştur. Bu arkadaş buluşması, Pazar Postası gazetesinin “Sanat-Edebiyat” sayfalarında, İkinci Yeni Şiiri‟nin söylemini belirginleştirmiştir. Pazar Postası‟nda yayımlanan poetik, polemik ve eleştiri yazılarıyla Sezai Karakoç, İkinci Yeni söyleminin öncülerinden biri olarak görünmüştür. Bu yazıda, önce 1950‟lere girerken modern Türk şiirinde etkili ve popüler olan iki şaire kısaca dikkat çekilecek, sonra Sezai Karakoç‟un İkinci Yeni Şiiri içindeki rolü, etkinliği ve etkisi, 1950‟lerdeki süreli yayınlardan hareketle değerlendirilecek ve onun İkinci Yeni Şiiri içindeki yeri belirginleştirilecektir.

Arteriosclerosis, is mostly affect coronary and carotid arteriesespecially the ostium and bifurcation due to the natureof the flow. Arterial bifurcation lesions cause dilemmafor the treating physician during both surgical and invasiveprocedures because they require a higher clinical experienceand longer processing time. In carotid artery surgery,it is accepted that patchplasty prevents perioperativeand postoperative restenosis, and as a result of this, itreduces the incidence of ipsilateral stroke. In the presenttime synthetic patch materials (PTFE, Dacron) and autologouspatch materials (saphenous and jugular veins) areused. We report a case of carotid endarterectomy and ‘Y’shaped saphenous patchplasty to the carotid bifurcation.According to our research in the literature, we didn’t findany case with ‘Y’ shaped saphenous vein patch. Therewas only one Y shaped carotid patchplasty case by usingPTFE material. Our original technic is advantageous interms of easy preparation and application as well as itssuccessful outcome.Key words: Carotid artery diseases, saphenous vein,patchplasty

In this study, a descriptive analysis of science and mathematics education articlespublished in Turkey was purposed. The study was carried out based on the keywords ofa total of 680 articles which were published in 26 refereed journals during 2000-2006.As a result of the analysis of the data obtained from the study, the following werefound: (a) there were keywords including up to eight words, almost in the form of asentence (b) The frequencies of nearly all keywords related to topics in the curriculumof science and mathematics were low c) Science and mathematics topics in thecurriculum of primary school were studied less than topics in secondary and universitylevel (d) Studies related to the misconceptions in the science education and related toattitude the mathematics education were mostly studied by researchers.

As in any language, grammar books have played an important role throughout the history of Turkish. In terms of format, pronunciation, sentence structure, meaning and word history, a certain regularity of systematic word grouping occurs, leading to the examination of words, defined as language grammar and language training; the basis of teaching.Growing up in a time period when learning and teaching Turkish was of importance, Abdurrahman Fevzi wrote th piece“Mikyasu'l-Lisan Kıtatsu'l-Beyan”, describing the rules of the Turkish language. He began writing his piece in 1847 and was completed in 1851. After being examined by a commission, his work was found valuable in terms of grammar, but publication was decided after his death. In 1882, his work was published on behalf of Daruşşafaka and Turkish lessons were taught according to this piece. After the publication of “Müyessiretü'l-Ulum” by Kadri from Bergama in 1530, his work had gained extreme importance, using examples of Arabic grammar to support the Turkish language. While the Arabic grammer was of value, we see that Turkish grammer in schools wasn't of importance until the Administrative Reforms. The continuation of Arabic teaching in the first Ottoman madrasas was of great importance. Naturally, with the relationship between the Arabic and Persian in this time period, the comprehensive study of teaching the Turkish language was prevented. 'Western-style' grammar books were used for the first time during the Administrative Reforms period. Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, who pioneered the works of grammer, has shaped today's grammar books with his language teaching books. Abdurrahman Fevzi served a great importance to the Turkish language by following the stream of time and writing his piece,“Mikyasu'l-LisanKıtatsu'l-Beyan”, describing the rules of the Turkish language. In this report, the piece“Mikyasu'l-Lisan Kıstatsu'l-Beyan”, carried a great importance in terms of the Turkish history and with the courtesy of the Council of Education, his work was published at Mahmud Beg printing Plant, Istanbul in 1299 (1882). The copy of his work, registered under shelf number 29442, in the Beyazıt State Library and the Ottoman Works Department, will be undergoing assesment. Due to the important opinions made about the Turkish language in this study, the preface and contents will be further discussed in detail. <br> <br> Her dilde olduğu gibi Türkçenin tarihi boyunca dilbilgisi kitapları önemli rol oynamıştır. Biçim, söyleniş, cümle yapısı, anlam ve kelime tarihi bakımından belirli bir düzenlilik gösteren sistemli kelime gruplanmalarından meydana gelen dilin incelenmesi olarak tanımlanan dilbilgisi, dil eğitim ve öğretiminin temelini oluşturmuştur. Türkçe öğrenimine ve öğretimine önem verildiği bir devirde yetişen Abdurrahman Fevzi Efendi de Türk dilinin kurallarını anlatan Mikyasu’l-Lisan Kıstasu’l-Beyan adlı eseri yazmıştır. Eseri, 1847’de yazmaya başlamış ve 1851’de bitirmiştir. Bir komisyon tarafından incelenmiş ve dilbilgisi açısından değerli görülerek kitabın basılmasına ancak yazarının ölümünden sonra karar verilmiştir. 1882’de Darüşşafaka adına basılmış ve Türkçe dersleri bu esere göre okutulmuştur. 1530’da Bergamalı Kadri’nin Müyessiretü’l-Ulûm adlı eserinden sonra, Türk dilinin Arapçanın gramerinden örneklerle de desteklenerek yazılmış olması sebebiyle son derece önem kazanmıştır. Tanzimat'a kadar okullarda dilbilgisine önem verilmediğini Arapça dilbilgisinin öne çıktığını görüyoruz. İlk Osmanlı medreselerinde eskinin devamı olarak Arapça öğretimi önemli idi. Tabii olarak Türkçenin Arapça ve Farsça ile münasebeti bu dönemde Türkçe öğretiminin kapsamlı olarak ele alınmasını engellemiştir. Batı tarzı diyebileceğimiz gramer kitapları da Tanzimat döneminde ilk defa dilbilgisi terimleri kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu eserlerin öncülüğünü yapan Ahmet Cevdet Paşa, dil öğretimi kitaplarıyla da bugünkü dilbilgisi kitaplarının şekillenmesini sağlamıştır. Abdurrahman Fevzi Efendi, zamanının bu akımına uyarak, Türk dilinin kurallarını anlatan Mikyasu’l-Lisan Kıstasu’l-Beyan adlı eserini yazmakla Türk diline gerçekten çok önemli bir hizmet vermiştir. Bu bildiride Türk Dili tarihi açısından büyük önem taşıyan Mikyasu’l-Lisan Kıstasu’l-Beyan adlı eserin 1299(1882)'da Meclis-i Maarifin izniyle İstanbul'da Mahmud Beg Matbaası'nda basılmış, Beyazıt Devlet Kütüphanesi, Osmanlıca Eserler Bölümünde, 29442 raf numarasıyla kayıtlı olan kopyası üzerinde bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Çalışmada Türk diliyle ilgili önemli görüşleri içermesi bakımından önemli olan eserin önsözü ve içeriği ayrıntılı olarak ele alınacaktır.

Reduplications is defined as repeating the same frames to strengthen the meaning by using the same, synonymous and antonymous words or similar words resembling each other as syllable. Also double reduplication is one of the sub-categories of reduplication. Vocabulary of Turkey Turkish (TT) literary language, 3486 double reduplication frames are using with different functions.In this study, firstly we emphasized notion of reduplication and double reduplication and also position of double reduplication frames as a notion. After that we listed the double reduplication frames in Turkey Turkish about the priorities of main vocabulary as usage frequency in teaching Turkish from a special corpus that is developed for this research. <br> <br> İkileme/yineleme kavramı, dilde anlamı güçlendirmek için aynı sözcüklerin tekrarlanması, anlamları birbirine yakın veya karşıt olan ya da sesleri birbirini andıran sözcüklerin yan yana kullanılmasıyla oluşan birliktelikler olarak tanımlanır. İkili tekrarlar ise ikilemeler/yinelemeler içerisinde yer alan alt türlerinden biridir. Türkiye Türkçesinde (TT) 3486 sözcükbirim bu niteliğiyle yazın dilinde dizgesel olarak farklı işlevlerle kullanılmaktadır.Çalışmada öncelikle kavram olarak ikileme/yineleme ve ikili tekrarlar üzerinde durulmuş ve ikili tekrarlar, söz konusu ikilemeli/yinelemeli yapılar içerisinde bir kavram olarak konumlandırılmıştır. Ardından TT’de ikili tekrar yapıları, oluşturulan özel bir derlemden Türkçenin öğretiminde temel söz varlığında öncelikler açısından kullanım sıklıklarına göre listelenmiştir.

Kurgusal nitelikli çocuk kitaplarındaki ayı karakterinin kurgulanış biçimi ve çocuklara verdiği iletiler açısından incelendiği araştırma doküman analizi deseniyle yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın verileri iki şekilde toplanmıştır. İlkin çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda incelenmek için belirlenen eserler temin edilmiş, sonrasında belirlenen bu eserlerin baskılarının orijinal olup olmadığı kontrol edilmiştir. İkinci olarak ise çocuk okurların kurgusal kitaplardaki ayı karakterine ilişkin düşüncelerini öğrenebilmek amacıyla onlarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler öncelikle betimsel analize sonrasında içerik analizine tabi tutularak derinleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın geçerli ve güvenilir olması adına ise veri toplama sürecinden analiz sürecine kadar çeşitli tedbirler alınmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen eserlerde kimi zaafları olsa da ayı karakterinin sevimli, masum ve yardımsever bir varlık olarak resmedildiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca ayı karakterinin annesi, arkadaşları ve çevresindeki diğer varlıklarla ilişkilerini iyi niyet temelinde geliştirdiği fakat onun bütün iyi niyetine rağmen insanlarla iletişim kurmakta sıkıntı yaşadığı ve insanlar tarafından şiddete maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. The present study was conducted through document analysis design in terms of the way the bear character is fictionalized in children’s books and the messages given. The data were collected in two phases. First, the relevant resources were collected then exposed to originality confirmation. Secondly, semi-structured interviews were realized with children in order to find out their views on bear character in fictional books. The data were descriptively analyzed then content analysis was completed. To ensure reliability and validity of the study, precautions were taken from the very beginning of data collection until their analysis. The results show that despite certain frailties, the bear is represented as cute, well-disposed and harmless. In addition, it was seen that the bear has goodwill based relations with mother, friends and other entities around but cannot communicate with man and avoid violence committed by human-being.

We present a case of transpupillary argon laser cyclophotocoagulation (TALC) in a patient with traumatic aniridia and aphakia secondary to blunt trauma who had previous bilateral trabeculectomy. Four months after the trauma the patient’s intraocular pressure (IOP) rose to 35 mmHg despite topical antiglaucomatous medication. Inferior 180 degrees cyclophotocoagulation was performed with transpupillary argon laser in the first session and his IOP fell to values of 12-17 mmHg. Twelve weeks after TALC, his IOP rose to 22 mmHg and we had to apply TALC to the residual ciliary processes. Seven months later his IOP was 13 mmHg with topical dorzolamide/timolol and latanoprost administration. TALC may be an effective treatment alternative for lowering IOP in patients with visible ciliary processes who do not respond to conventional medical or laser treatment.

The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid scale which will be used to measure the perception of executive personality. The pilot form thus developed was implemented on 350 teachers employed in primary and secondary schools in Bolu province central district in 2012-2013 academic year. 17 of the forms were not returned and 11 of them included unanswered items therefore these were excluded. Random sampling method was used in identifying the participants. 162 of the teachers who participated in the study were females and 160 were males. The forms implemented on 322 teachers were analyzed. According to factor analysis results there is one factor in this scale. Item analysis techniques showed that 8 out of 62 items which have lower level of ,30 cannot used in a final scale. The remaining of 54 items can be used in a final scale . Internal consistency reliability coefficient level for whole scale is 0,98. This results show that this scale can be used to measure the perception of executive personality. Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı yöneticilerin sahip olduğu kişilik algısını ölçmede kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Oluşturulan deneme formu, 2012–2013 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bolu ili merkez ilçede ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 350 öğretmene uygulanmıştır. Uygulanan formların 17 adedinin geri dönüşü olmadığından ve 11 adedi de ölçek maddelerinin tümü cevaplandırılmadığı için değerlendirilememiştir. Katılımcıların belirlenmesinde tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uygulama kapsamında yer alan öğretmenlerin 162’si bayan ve 160’ı erkektir.322 öğretmene uygulanan formlar değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Bu amaçla hazırlanan 5’li likert tipi denemelik ifadeler 322 kişilik bir öğretmen gurubuna uygulanmış ve elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan faktör analizi çalışması ölçeğin tek boyutlu olduğunu göstermektedir. Madde-ölçek korelasyonu ve alt-üst grup yöntemine göre yapılan madde analizleri sonuçlarına göre deneme uygulamasına giren 62 maddeden 8 tanesi, 30 değerinin altında çıktığı için ölçekte yer almamıştır. Kalan 54 madde nihai ölçekte yer alabilecek niteliktedir. Boyutlara ve ölçeğin bütününe ait iç tutarlık güvenirlik katsayısı 0,98’dir. Bu sonuç, geliştirilen ölçeğin yöneticilerin kişilik algısının ölçülmesinde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

In this paper will be a review about a word at Dîvân Lugât at-Turk which is not detected yet in an other historical and contemporary Turkic dialect: ajlaŋ “chameleon”. Mahmud al-Kashgari recorded that this word is an element of Oghuz dialect at XI. century. At some Dîvân translations this word is readed as ujlaŋ. Because of the ajlaŋ is a hapax legomenon there are very few opinions about the etymology of the word. Several researchers stated that the word is Iranian but they have not made a detailed examination about the origin of ajlaŋ. In this context, we act in the name of Zahhak ,which has an important place at Indian, Iranian and Middle East mythology, and try to explain the etymology of ajlaŋ. We set about our opinions at Aži Dahâka from Avesta. Then will try to extend the New Persian ajdahâ. After all we will demonstrate that ajlaŋ is derived from an Indian-Iranian word aj “snake > reptile” with denominal suffix +laŋ. In other hand will be a short assesment about the personal name Ajlan at Modern Turkish. Bu çalışmada tarihî ve çağdaş Türk lehçelerinde bugüne kadar tespit edilememiş olan ve sadece Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’te geçen ajlaŋ “bukalemun, kertenkele” kelimesinin kökeni üzerinde durulacaktır. Kâşgarlı Mahmud bu kelimeyi XI. yüzyıl Oğuz Türkçesinin söz varlığına ait olarak kaydetmiştir. Kelime bazı Dîvân çevirilerinde ujlaŋ olarak okunmuştur. Tek örnek olduğu için kelimenin etimolojisi hakkında çok fazla görüş ortaya konulmamıştır. Birkaç araştırmacı ajlaŋ’ın İranî bir alıntı olduğunu söylemiş fakat ayrıntılı bir köken incelemesi yapmamıştır. Bu bağlamda hem Hint hem de İran ve Orta Doğu mitolojisinde önemli bir yeri olan Dahhâk’ın isminden hareketle ajlaŋ kelimesi açıklanacaktır. Kelimenin inceleme sürecinde, Avesta’da geçen Aži Dahâka’dan başlanıp Yeni Farsça ajdahâ’ya kadar uzanmaya çalışılacak ve nihayetinde ajlaŋ’ın Hint-İran kökenli bir aj “yılan > sürüngen” ismine +laŋ ekinin getirilmesiyle türetilmiş bir kelime olduğu ifade edilecektir. Ayrıca Türkiye Türkçesinde özel ad olarak kullanılan Ajlan hakkında da kısa bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.

Çalışmamızın konusunu Konya Koyunoğlu Müzesine bağış yoluyla gelen Roma Dönemi’ne ait 114 ve 136 envanter numaralı mezar stelleri oluşturmaktadır. Kütahya Çavdarhisar’da bulunmuş ve mermerden yapılmış olan ilk mezar stelinin üzerindeki üçgen alınlıkta kartal motifi, alınlık altındaki plaster arasındaki ana betim alanında ise <em>kantharos</em> içinden çıkarak yükselen asma yaprakları ile dallarında bulunan üzümler, bir de kadın figürüne ait olduğu düşünülen para kesesi ve çift taraflı tarak betimlenmiştir. Buluntu yeri belli olmayan diğer bir stelde ise plasterlerle desteklenmiş kemerli bir niş ve bu niş içerisinde, cepheden ayakta verilmiş bir kadın ile erkek figürü ve tercih ettikleri yerel işlikler hakkında bize bilgi sundukları eşyalar betimlenmiştir. Konya Koyunoğlu Müzesinde korunan 114 ve 136 envanter numaralı mezar stelleri işçiliği, kompozisyonu bakımından Phrygia’nın kendine özgü yerel stilini yansıtmaktadır ve figürlerin stilistik özellikleri işçilikleri de temel alınarak yapılan karşılaştırmalar sonucunda  envanter numarası 114 olan mezar stelinin MS 2. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğine, envanter numarası 136 olan mezar stelinin ise MS 3. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğine ait olduğunu düşündürmektedir.

Glutaric aciduria type I is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by the deficiency of glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase. The incidence of the disease is 1/100.000. Glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase gene is located on locus 19p13.2. More than 200 mutations have been described for this gene. Most common mutation in the population is C1240T. Clinical symptoms included neurological regression complications such as loss of sucking and swallowing reflexes choreoathetosis, seizures, rigidity and opisthotonos. In treatment high-carbohydrate, low-protein diet and carnitine is given. We would like to report this interesting case in order to present a new mutation for glutaric aciduria type I. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(4.000): 809-812]

Recent developments in Internet and computer technology caused radical changes in education, as in all areas. The utilization of the Internet in the area of education provided new and better solutions to educational problems hitherto unthinkable. It is concluded that, a more effective and efficient education can be provided by using contemporary methods by the side of traditional methods. This article is concerned with the nature of distance education based on the Internet, its emergence and its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the article deals with the applicability of distance education programs in the departments of information and records management in Turkey. Finally, an evaluation was made. Internet ve bilgisayar teknolojisindeki son gelişmeler, bütün alanlarda olduğu gibi, eğitimde de köklü değişimlere neden olmuştur. Internet'in eğitim alanında kullanılmaya başlamasıyla, o zamana kadar çözüm getirilemeyen bazı eğitim sorunlarına çözümler bulunmuştur. Geleneksel modellerin yanısıra, çağdaş yöntemleri uygulayarak daha etkin ve verimli bir eğitimin verilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu makale, uzaktan eğitimin ne olduğu, ortaya çıkışı, Internet'e dayalı uzaktan eğitimin avantaj ve dezavantajları üzerinde durmaktadır. Ayrıca, uzaktan eğitim programlarının Türkiye'nin bilgi ve belge yönetimi bölümlerinde uygulanabilirliği de ele alınmış; bu açıdan bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır.

The aim of this study is to investigate fourth and fifth year Secondary School Mathematics student teachers’ opinions related to their content knowledge education in Faculty of Arts and Science. A questionnaire composed of one open-ended question was administered to 36 student teachers studying in Secondary School Mathematics Education in a state university in Istanbul. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using qualitative analysis methods. The findings of this study revealed that student teachers accused the education of Faculties of Arts and Science of being teacher-centred, having minimum interaction between teacher and student, and based on memorisation. Furthermore, this education is very theoretic and not in connection with their future professions. The only assessment criteria for measurement and evaluation of student’ performance is based on written exams.. Homework is superficial and given by few of the lecturers.

&lt;p&gt;Oroantral comunications are known as pathological connections occuring between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus. Early treatment of this condition prevents the development of sinusitis and fistula, as well as the need for more complex methods of treating patients and the possibility of recurrence. In this study; age, sex, etiologic factors, location of the opening, methods of treatment and early complications of 33 patients that surgically treated in Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic between 2005-2011 were examined. 18 (54.54%) of oroantral openings were treated with buccal advancement flap, 4 (12.12%) of them were treated with palatal rotational flap, 8 (24.24%) of them were treated with iodoform gauze pack strip and the remaining 3 (9.09%) cases were treated with buccal fat pad, double-tunnel method and primary closure. In all cases, tooth extraction was the only etiologic factor. 100% (20/20) success was achieved in all patients with acute openings, while the rate was 77% (13/10) in patients with oroantral fistula.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ÖZET&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Oroantral açıklıklar, ağız kavitesi ve maksiller sinüs arasında meydana gelen patolojik bağlantı olarak bilinmektedir. Bu durumun erken dönem tedavisi, sinüzit ve fistül gelişimini önlediği gibi, hastaların daha komplike yöntemlerle tedavi gereksinimlerini ve nüks olasılığını da önlemektedir.  Bu çalışmada, 2005-2011 tarihleri arasında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi kliniğinde cerrahi tedavisi gerçekleştirilen akut veya kronik açıklığa sahip 33 hastanın yaş, cinsiyet, etyolojik faktörler, açıklığın lokalizasyonu, gerçekleştirilen tedavi yöntemleri ve erken dönem komplikasyonları incelenmiştir. Oroantral açıklıkların, 18’i (%54,54) bukkal ilerletme flebi, 4’ü (%12,12)  palatal döndürme flebi, 8’i (24,24) gaz iodoform ile kapatma, kalan 3 olgu ise  (%9,09) bukkal yağ yastığı, çift tünel yöntemi ve primer kapatma yöntemi ile tedavi edilmiştir. Bütün olgularda diş çekimi tek etiyolojik faktör olarak bulunmuştur. Akut açıklığa sahip olguların hepsinde  % 100 (20/20) başarı sağlanırken, kronik açıklığa (oroantral fistül) sahip olgularda ise bu oran % 77 (13/10) de kalmıştır.&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar Kelimeler: &lt;/strong&gt;oroantral açıklık, oroantral fistül, bukkal ilerletme flep, palatal flep.&lt;/p&gt;

Introduction: To have a child with a disability, whatever the disability is, brings many challenges. In this study, in the light of the related legislation for the determination of the rate of disability, it was aimed to create awareness for the causes of childhood disability and about the problems faced in reporting. Materials and Methods: Reports of subjects under the age of 18 prepared by The Disability Health Board of Ege University between January 1, 2011 and June 30, 2013 regarding age, gender, type and causes of application (personal-formal), disability, disability cause and rates, the reported date and the validity periods of the reports were evaluated retrospectively. The obtained data were analyzed with statistical software. Results: Of 8104 reports, 2839 belonged to children. Of the patients, 978 were females and 1861 were males. The mean age was 7.0±4.6 years. Of the applications, 99.2% were personal applications and the most common reason for application was to have special education (81.6%). 61.4% of the subjects had only one disability. The disability rate of 17.3% was below 40%. Conclusions: Among the countries’ development indicators, the quality of life of the disabled population and the quality of services offered to disabled people occupy an important place. In both national and international platforms, it is necessary to make regulations for prevention of disability, for solution of disabled people’s problems related to health, education, rehabilitation, employment and social security and also for ensuring their participation in society.

Leiomyosarcomas arising from the spermatic cord are extremely rare. A 65 year old man admitted to our clinic with a 4 months history of painless right inguinal mass. He had no history of trauma and no urinary tract symptoms. On physical examination a firm non-tender mobile mass of approximataly 3x5 cm in diamater was found in inguinal region. No inguinal hernia was detected. In addition to testicular tumor markers (%u03B1FP, beta HCG), routine hematologic and biochemical analysis were within normal ranges. Ultrasonography of the scrotum and inguinal region showed a non-specific, heteroechogenic mass of approximately 44x30x54 mm in diamater on the right inguinal region. The right testis and epididymis were normal. It was treated by radical orchiectomy with ligation of the spermatic cord at the level of internal inguinal ring through an inguinal approach. The patient also underwent herniorraphy. Pathological study revealed that paratesticular leiomyosarcoma. After this pathology report we did not consider adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotheraphy. Six months postoperatively there was no evidence of local recurrence of the neoplasm or distant metastasis. As a result we can say that although spermatic cord leiomyosarcoma is extremely rarely seen this tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of palpable masses on the scrotal or inguinal region especially in older men.

Configural Frequency Analysis (CFA) is a method for cell‐wise testing in contingency tables whether some model is contradicted. The original idea that lead to CFA is that the cell frequencies in contingency tables can not only be used to evaluate statements about the association structure of the variables that span the table, but are worthy of consideration in their own right. CFA is a method that allows researchers to identify patterns (configurations) of variable categories that occur more often or less often than expected based on some chance model. Each cell in this crossclassification is described by a profile of variable categories. These profiles are called configurations. CFA relates individual observed cell frequencies to their expected counterparts, thereby looking for surprising, that is, statistically significant deviations. When a cross-classification cell contains more cases than expected according to some base model, it is said to constitute a CFA "type". When there are fewer cases than expected, a cell is said to constitute a CFA "antitype". Using CFA, researchers inspect either each configuration in this cross-classification or an a priori specified selection of configurations. A large number of tests has been introduced for CFA which differ in power, in their capabilities to detect types and antitypes. Lehmacher's test always has more power than the other tests. The aim of this study is to provide an introductory review for CFA, a method of categorical data analysis originally introduced as a heuristic method the so-called CFA recently has been developed into an inferential method.

The prevalence of obesity is an increasing health problem throughout the world. Maternal pre-pregnancy weight, maternal nutrition and maternal weight gain are among the factors that can cause childhood obesity. Both maternal obesity and excessive weight gain increase the risks of excessive fetal weight gain and high birth weight. Rapid weight gain during fetal period leads to changes in the newborn body composition. Specifically, the increase in body fat ratio in the early periods is associated with an increased risk of obesity in the later periods. It was reported that over-nutrition during fetal period could cause excessive food intake during postpartum period as a result of metabolic programming. By influencing the fetal metabolism and tissue development, maternal obesity and excessive weight gain change the amounts of nutrients and metabolites that pass to the fetus, thus causing excessive fetal weight gain which in turn increases the risk of obesity. Fetal over-nutrition and excessive weight gain cause permanent metabolic and physiologic changes in developing organs. While mechanisms that affect these organs are not fully understood, it is thought that the changes may occur as a result of the changes in fetal energy metabolism, appetite control, neuroendocrine functions, adipose tissue mass, epigenetic mechanisms and gene expression. In this review article, the effects of maternal body weight and weight gain on fetal development, newborn birth weight and risk of obesity were evaluated, and additionally potential mechanisms that can explain the effects of fetal over-nutrition on the risk of obesity were investigated [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(5.000): 427-434]

<font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><span>Ethiopia</span><span> adopted ethnic federalism and restructured the regions along ethnic lines as soon as the EPRDF took political power by overthrowing the Marxist military government in 1991. The aim of this paper is to examine the merits and the demerits of federalism. The paper particularly assesses federalism in Africa by taking the case of Ethiopia as an example. The paper argues that in order to ensure the success of federalism, it should not be imposed from above. Since its introduction in 1991 and officially sanctioned in the country&rsquo;s 1994 Constitution, ethnic federalism and Article 39 of the Constitution that awarded the self-rule states (regions) the right to secede has become the major source of intense debate. For some, ethnic federalism and the right to secede discourage ethnic tensions in the country and encourage the various ethnic groups to live together peacefully. However, for others, this &ldquo;experiment&rdquo; can go out of hand and may lead the country into never-ending ethnic wars and eventually to disintegration. This paper, by taking into account of Ethiopia&rsquo;s and other countries&rsquo; experiences, will examine both sides of the arguments.</span></font></font>

Macular holes may occur secondary to a rhegmatogeous retinal detachment (RRD) caused by peripheral retinal breaks. We describe two patients with macula-off RRD with coexistent full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Patients underwent vitrectomy + scleral buckling with internal tamponade (gas in case 1, and silicone oil in case 2). No internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling was erformed. Both cases had attached retina with closed macular holes postoperatively, and vision increased in both patients. Macular hole closure was achieved by vitrectomy without ILM peeling in our cases. MH closure resulted in improved visual outcome. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 374-6

In the present study, similarities of results of working field and conclusions reached between anthropology and semantics were studied based on ‘La Pensee Sauvage’ by Levi Strauss. Anthropology is a science discipline interested in roots, changes and characteristics of human beings and physical and spiritual ways and systems of life created by human beings. Semantics is also a science discipline interested in understanding of language system which has its own rules and procedures specific to it. These two science discipline work on cultures and language systems created by human beings. The results of observations of anthropologist investigating primitive societies andscientists working on semantics investigating language indicate that thedefinition, understanding or basic characteristics related to the natureof human beings either lived in primitive tribe period or living in thecentury of knowledge stay unchanged over centuries although changedin terms of form. Communication systems of primitive societies andlanguage systems used today are built on some unchanged commonfoundations in spite of the time elapsed, improved culture andtechnology. Some of these common characteristics are; bothcommunication systems of primitive societies and language systemsused today are common parts because both are big systems. They bothhave a certain structure and logics of classification. They both movefrom motivation to immotivation and enumeration. Their elements gaina meaning according to context. These elements are symbolic and canbe considered as diachronic and synchronic. Looking from thisperspective, it becomes meaningless to evaluate societies withclassifications such as primitive, modern, developed, or undeveloped. <br> Bu çalışmada Levi-Strauss’un ‘Yaban Düşünce’ adlı eserinden hareketle antropoloji ile anlambilim arasında çalıştıkları saha ve ulaştıkları sonuçların ortaklık ve benzerlikleri ele alınmıştır. Antropoloji insanların kökenini, değişimini, kendine has özelliklerini, oluşturduğu maddi ve manevi yaşam biçim ve sistemini inceleyen bir bilim dalıdır. Anlambilim de kendine has kuralları ve işleyişi olan dil sistemini anlamlandırmakla uğraşan bir bilimdir. Bu iki bilim dalı insanların oluşturduğu kültür ve dil sistemlerini incelerler. İlkel toplumları inceleyen bir antropologun ulaştığı bazı verilerle dil üzerine çalışan bir anlambilimcinin ulaştığı sonuçlar ister ilkel kabile döneminde ister uzay çağında yaşasın insanoğlunun doğasına, özüne ilişkin temel özelliklerin, adlandırma ya da anlamlandırmaların şekil bakımından değişse de özünde değişmeden yüzyıllar boyu devam ettiğini ortaya koyar. İlkel toplumların iletişim sistemi ile bugün kullandığımız dil sistemi aradan geçen zamana, gelişen kültür ve teknolojiye rağmen bazı değişmez ortak temellere dayanmaktadır. Bu ortak özelliklerden bazıları şunlardır: İlkel toplumların iletişim biçimleri de bugün kullanılan dil sistemi de büyük bir sistem olmak bakımından ortaktır. Belli bir yapıya ve sınıflandırma mantığına sahiptir. Her ikisinde de nedenli oluştan nedensizliğe, saymacalığa doğru gidiş vardır. Ögeleri içinde bulundukları bağlama göre anlam kazanırlar. Bu ögeler simgesel özelliktedirler ve bunlar artzamanlı ve eşsüremli incelenebilirler. Bu açıdan bakıldığında toplumları ilkel, modern, gelişmiş, gelişmemiş gibi sınıflandırmalarla değerlendirmek anlamsızlaşacaktır.

One of the richest kind of folkore are also epic. Epics at the end of a very long creation and development process has come up to the present. In addition to the historical elements in epics the information related with the tradition, costoms and life styles of the nations not found in any other sources is located. This kind of works is also important document of the written language. One of the most well-known and known epics of Turkish literature is the epic of Battal Gazi, too. The boks and articles were written about the epic in the country and abroad and symposiums were organized in the name of the epic. The Epic of Battal Gazi was born as a result of the wars between Muslims and Byzantines in the border regions of Anatolia. People in the epic are the representatives of two different ideologies. In our studies, the allusions and references in Battal Gazi Epic were examined. With the examination results, it was observed that the references and the allusions give information about the religious, cultural and social environment in which the narration was formed. Folklor ürünlerinin en zengin türlerinden biri de destandır. Destanlar, çok uzun bir yaratım ve gelişim süreci sonunda günümüze kadar ulaşmışlardır. Destanlarda tarihî unsurların yanında milletlerin âdet, gelenek, görenek ve yaşayış tarzları ile ilgili başka kaynaklarda bulunmayan bilgiler de yer alır. Bu tür eserler yazı dilinin de önemli belgeleridir. Türk edebiyatının en çok tanınan ve bilinen destanlarından biri de Battal Gazi Destanı’dır. Destan hakkında yurt içinde ve dışında kitaplar ve makaleler yazılmış, adına bilgi şölenleri düzenlenmiştir. Battal Gazi Destanı Anadolu’nun sınır bölgelerinde Müslümanların Bizanslılarla yaptıkları savaşlar neticesinde doğmuştur. Destandaki kişiler iki farklı ideolojinin temsilcileri durumundadırlar. Çalışmamızda Battal Gazi Destanı’nda gönderge ve anıştırmalar incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda gönderge ve anıştırmaların anlatının oluştuğu sosyal, kültürel, dinî çevre hakkında önemli bilgiler verdiği görülmüştür.

İçerik çözümleme, çözümlenen medya içeriği nesnesine, yani iletişim metnine yönelik, iyitanımlanmış sistematik bir bilgi sorgulama stratejisidir. Araştırma sürecinin ilk aşamalarındanitibaren neyin aranacağının iyi tanımlanmış olması gereklidir. İçerik çözümlemenin kuramsalaçıklamaları kimi zaman uygulamadan farklılık gösterebilir. İçerik çözümlemeye dayalıaraştırmalar ilgili çalışmanın uygun bir temelde gerçekleştirilmesi için lazım olan aşamaları,teknikleri ve süreçleri gerekli kılarken diğer yandan zaman ve işgücünden tasarrufu da gerektirir.Yeditepe Üniversitesi bünyesinde görev yapan bir grup araştırmacı, Türkçe medya içeriği içinbilgisayar destekli bir içerik çözümleme sistemi geliştirme kararına varmışlardır. Geliştirilenproje önerisi, Mayıs 2007’de TÜBİTAK’a 1001 kodlu bilimsel araştırma projesi olarak sunulmuşve 107K209 kodu ile proje olarak destekleme kararı verilmiştir. Projenin amacı, CumhuriyetDönemi Türk Basınının içeriğini çözümleyecek, Türkçe tabanlı bir içerik çözümleme sisteminigeliştirmektir. Bu projeyle geliştirilen Türkçe tabanlı bilgisayar destekli içerik çözümlemesistemiyle, Cumhuriyet Döneminde 1928’den bu yana yeni Türkçe harflerle yayımlanmış olanTürk gazetelerinin içeriklerinin çözümlenmesi için aşılması gereken en önemli altyapı engeliolan Türkçe içeriği çözümleyebilecek bilgisayar destekli sistem ihtiyacı karşılanmıştır. Bu sonuçraporunun amacı, proje hakkında birinci bilimsel bilgi sağlamak ve projenin metodolojik, bilimselve uygulama kaynaklı bulgularını tartışarak ortaya koymaktır. Raporun yapısı bu nedenledaha ziyade betimleyicidir ve tarihsel betimleme, sistem modelleme vb. bilimsel yöntem vetekniklerden yararlanır. İçerik çözümleme, dilbilimsel ve bilgi erişim yöntemleri tartışmanınodağında yer almaktadırlar.Content analysis is a well-described systematic strategy of inquiry to the analyzed mediacontent object, or in other words, to a communication text. From the very beginning of theresearch it must be described what is looked after. Theoretic explanations of content analyses sometimes differ from practical usage. Research based on content analysis, requires steps,techniques and processes to fix the research on an adequate foundation and to save time andwork. A group of researches at Yeditepe University decided to develop a computer assistedcontent analysis system for Turkish media content. The project was proposed to TUBITAK(The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) in form of a scientific researchproject under the project number 107K209. The project makes use of two scientific methods:Content analysis and information retrieval. In addition to these, quality management isadopted, to reach effective results. All these methodological approaches are driven together asa system design within the systems approach. The purpose of this report is to deliver primaryinformation on the project and to discus methodological, scientific and applied problems andissues related to the project. The nature of the report is descriptive by making use of scientificmethods and techniques such as historical description, systems modeling, and the like. Theapplication of content analysis, linguistic, and information retrieval methodologies will be thefocal point of the discussion.

Objectives: Diabetic polyneuropathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus and the most frequent neuropathy worldwide. Evening primrose oil (EPO) is rich in omega-6 essential fatty acid component and gamma-linolenic acid. Alpha lipoic acid (ALPA) has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation and helps in scavenging free radicals. Data regarding the effect of treatment with EPO on diabetic parameters and neuropathic manifestations are conflicting. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic efficacy of EPO and ALPA in correcting diabetic parameters and functional and structural neuropathic manifestations in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Materials and methods: In this study, the effects of two week oral treatment with EPO (1.25 g/kg) was compared to that of ALPA (100 mg/kg) and insulin (2 IU/day), utilized singly or in combination.Results: Compared with untreated diabetic rats, EPO and ALPA resulted in reduction of serum levels of glucose (p<0.05), total cholesterol (p<0.01), triglycerides (p<0.01), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.01), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (a marker of oxidative stress) (p<0.05), and increased in levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05) and total antioxidant capacity (p<0.05). Enhanced positive effect was observed with combination therapy.Conclusion: This work indicates that EPO and ALPA, particularly when used in combination, improve glycemic control, lipid abnormalities and antioxidant capacity, thus restore the impaired functional properties of peripheral nerves to a great extent. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (3): 245-253.

We report a 27-year-old patient with ruptured sinus Valsalva aneurysm (SVA), left ventricular noncompaction and mitral valve prolapse. Whether the coexistence of ruptured SVA, left ventricular noncompaction and mitral valve prolapse is coincidental or due to a defect in a common developmental pathway requires further research.

According to the scientists, the world's population by 2050 is estimated to exceed 9 billion, in order to meet the nutritional needs of people, it is expected that in the future to need more food production than today. Therefore in the world, food organizations, institutions and communities various action plans provide in the reports published. In these plans, diversification of the production, fast, quick and easy way to produce food, less harmful farming practices to the nature and the environment, and etc. topics are included. In line these plans with last years, the greater the number of species used as food and with ease of cultivation, mushrooms and mushroom cultivations are gaining importance. For this purpose, the determination of the diversity of edible mushrooms in nature and investigation that how can be taken to culture, it will also provide support to the production of different species of mushrooms. In the field studies performed between 2011 and 2013, after taking pictures on their habitats mushroom samples, collected within the Çorum province limits, were brought to the laboratory wrapped in aluminum foil properly. After measuring and studying on special structures under a microscope in the laboratory, they were identified according to the literature. Fungarium tag were prepared for identified mushrooms. These mushrooms, made into the Fungarium materials, were stored in Fungarium of the Directorate of Mushroom Application and Research Centre of Selçuk University. In conclusion, according to the literature four taxa belong to Ascomycota and 52 taxa belong to Basidiomycota, in totally of 56 taxa were found to be edible feature. These 56 taxa were represented by two divisio, four ordo and 14 families. The localities of identified species in the provincial boundaries are given. The names of species known among people with ethno mycological research, done during field studies, also were detected.

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the three days module given to the assistant health personnel working in 112 ambulances. Material and Methods: It was assumed that all the personnel working in the 112 ambulance systems under the health directory of Kirikkale city would be involved. Theoretic and practical first aid training was given to all the personnel attending to the course in 6 groups of 20-25 with duration of 3 days for each. A 50 itemed questionnaire was applied to all the groups before and after the training. Results: 132 people working in ambulance system in Kirikkale city were involved in training. 63,6% of the personnel involved in the study were male and 66% were married. When they were grouped according to age, it was determined that 44% of them were in 26-35 age group. When they were grouped according to branches, it was determined that 47 % of them were emergency medical technician (EMT) and 40,2% were health officer. When their level of education was taken into consideration, it was determined that 53% of them were graduates of high school and 43,2% were graduates of associate degree. 50,8 of all the personnel had a job experience of 1-5 years. When all the groups were evaluated together, there was a statistical meaningful difference (p<0,001) between pretest success grade (29,58&#177;6,74) and posttest success grade (39,81&#177;4,68). When EMT, paramedics and the other groups were compared; there was a pr test grade difference(p=0,003) between EMT and paramedics group(31,55&#177;6,52) and the others&#8217; group(27,70&#177;6,4). There wasn&#8217;t a grade difference between EMT, paramedics group and the others&#8217; group in posttest (p=0,765). Conclusion: The occupational training module which was done in a limited time was determined to be effective in providing a meaningful positive difference in knowledge level and providing personnel knowledge level standardization. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2013; 12(2.000): 151-156]

Bu çalışmada, mevduat faizi, kredi hacmi, İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası (IMKB-100) endeksi, kapsite kullanım oranı, net uluslararası rezervler, üretici fiyat endeksi, US dolar oranı, M1, M2 M2Y ihracat, ithalat, iç borç stoğu ve dış borç stoğu gibi makro ekonomik faktörler kullanılarak Tükiye' nin gayri safi yurtiçi hasılasının tahmin edilebilmesini araştırıldı. 1991-2004 yılları arasındaki 168 aylık makro ekonomik veri, geri beslemeli yapay sinir ağı ile eğitildi. Toplam 64 farklı yapı uygulanarak en düşük toplam hataya yakınsayanı seçildi. 2005 yılı aylık datası yapay sinir ağının tahmin kapasitesini test etmek için kullanıldı.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to share our experience of sixty-eight pediatric hospitalizations associated with influenza-like illness and pneumonia between November, 2009 and December, 2009.Materials and Methods: Clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiological results, length of stay in hospital and intensive care unit, treatments and complications were compared in laboratory confirmed pandemic influenza A positive and negative cases.Results: There was no significant difference in gender distribution between the two groups. The number of positive cases in patients over 5 years of age were significantly higher than the same age group in negative patients (p=0.004). There were underlying health conditions in 78.8% of the positive cases and in 68.8% of the negative cases (p=0.57). The incidence of diarrhea in positive group was significantly higher than in the negative group (p=0.02). Low immunization rates of the seasonal influenza vaccine were remarkable in each group. There was no significant difference in vaccination rates between the two groups (p=0.99).Conclusions: The severity of the disease remained similar in patients with positive and negative groups. In both groups, the high ratio of those having an underlying disease was noteworthy. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2011; 9: 53-9)Key words: Pandemic 2009 influenza A, childhood, pneumonia

OBJECTIVES: CKD is a worldwide threat to public health. Approximately 1.8 million people are currently being treated with renal replacement therapy including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and transplantation. The etiology and factors affecting the progression of chronic kidney disease to endstage renal disease (ESRD) differ in industrialized and underdeveloped countries. STUDY DESIGN: The aim of the study was to investigate the etiologies of ESRD, factors affecting progression to ESRD and mortality rates of patients between 2000-2004, in Konya, a city in the Middle Anatolian region of Turkey. MATERIAL and METHODS: We included 417 end-stage renal disease patients (207 female and 210 male) between 16-90 years old receiving RRT for the first time in the study. CKD was diagnosed by GFR measurement that was calculated by MDRD formula. Co-morbidity was expressed using Wright- Khan index. RESULTS: We showed that there was an increased rate of diabetic nephropathy between 2003 and 2004. The increased rate of diabetic nephropathy was found to be statistically significant in the last two years (p<0.005). There was also significant negative correlation between mortality and diastolic BP (r: -0.143, p: 0.05) and the education level of the patients (r: -0.159, p: 0.0002). There was a positive correlation between mortality and serum urea levels (r: 0.193, p: 0.0001), HD through a catheter for the first time (r: 0.140, p: 0.0006), and receiving HD by a continuous RRT modality (r: 0.163, p: 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that advanced age, increased mean arterial BP before the first RRT, having CVD or DM as an etiology of ESRD, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), decreased serum albumin levels and the presence of co-morbid diseases were the main factors that affected survival of the patients.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate clinical manifestations, radiological findings, treatment, and outcomes of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (SH). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed eight cases of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma diagnosed at our institution from January 2006 to April 2014. Their demografic findings, symptoms, radiological appearences, diagnostic methods, treatments and surveys were recorded. Results: There were four female and four male patients. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 23 to 79 years, with a mean age of 56.1 years. Two patients were asymptomatic. Among six symptomatic patients, hemoptysis was the most frequent symptom. The radiological feature was a solitary nodule or mass in seven cases. In the remaining case, there were multiple distinct masses and nodules in bilateral lung fields. The tumor involved lung parenchyma in seven cases and endobronchially located in the remaining patient. Seven patients with parenchymal location underwent surgery. Wedge resection was the most common surgical procedure. Diagnosis of SH was established by surgical biopsy in seven cases and by bronchoscopic biopsy in one case. The most common histological pattern was solid pattern. During the follow-up ranging from 2 months to 76 months, seven cases who underwent surgery had an excellent prognosis with no evidence of recurrence. The patient with multiple lesions died one month after diagnosis. Conclusion: SH of the lung is a rare tumor. Surgical resection usually requires for both diagnosis and treatment of this tumor. The patients had excellent prognosis with no evidence of recurrence following surgery.

Anatolia which had been dominated and ruled by Ottomans for so many years, had been rather known as nation then land. In the time of social crise which loyalty gains great value, Anatolia, has started to receive attention with being neglected. The idea of Anatolianism that has deep historical, ideological and cultural roots was being formed under above dynamics. Conjoctural atmosphere of that period was also contributing the idea of Anatolianism. Today, we could have been talking about a “Turkish Ronesans”, if there was a great consensus among the Anatolianists. This movement has been melted into Turkish Intellectual History with having no influence. Mehmet Kaplan, in his college years, met with the books of Hilmi Ziya Ulken who is one of the prime actors of Anatolianism movements. He was following Ulken’s class in his university years and claiming that he is one of the active persuants of that movement. As an active intelectual, he has never changed his position regarding to that movement and exposed his active position by the end of his life for his passion to Anatolian movement with different occasions. Kaplan’s passion to Anatolia was very well known but his close connections toAnatolianist has never been examined. In this research, as first, the both his connections and passions is taken into consideration as together. <br> <br> Anadolu, asırlarca Osmanlı’nın elinin altında mazbut bir evlât olarak varlığını sürdürmüş, bir coğrafya adından çok bir teba olarak algılanmıştır. Sadakatin değer kazandığı buhranlı dönemler yaşanınca bu kaynak ve yıllarca ihmal edilmişliği dikkat çekmeye başlamıştır. Tarihî, ideolojik ve kültürel temelleri olan Anadoluculuk fikri bu dinamiklerle şekillenir. Devrin siyasî ve sosyal şartları bu fikri besleyebilecek nitelikteydi. Anadolucuların yoğunlaştıkları noktalar ortak olsaydı bugün çok daha güçlü bir hareketten ve onların iddiasıyla söylersek bir “Türk Rönesansı”ndan söz edilebilirdi. Farklı kollardan ve birbirinden habersizmiş gibi ilerleyen hareket, kendilerini ifade edecek güçlü sanatçılarla buluşamadan Türk düşünce tarihi içerisinde eriyerek kaybolmuştur.Mehmet Kaplan, lise yıllarında Anadoluculuk fikrinin en önde gelen ismi Hilmi Ziya Ülken’in eserleriyle tanışır. Üniversite yıllarında derslerini takip eder ve bu yıllarda Anadolucular arasında olduğunu ifade eder. Bu isimlerle yakınlığını, Anadolu muhabbetini, bir fikir ve hizmet adamı olarak ömrünün sonuna kadar farklı vasıtalarla ortaya koyar. Onun Anadolu’ya sevgisi daha önce de dile getirilmesine rağmen Anadolucularla olan bağı hiç gündeme gelmemiştir. Bu çalışmada Mehmet Kaplan’ın Anadolucularla ilişkisi ve Anadolu sevgisi birlikte değerlendirilmiştir.

This study was carried out by the aim of determining the feasibilities, structural and bio-technical problems of aquaculture facilities in Tokatprovince.Total 7 licensed fish farms and located in the fresh water were determined. All of them were visited and interviewed with their owners face to face. The data were collected in order to determine present condition of fish farms and their problems.Although total project capacities of farms were 96 tons/year, the actual production was found 96 tons/year. Average fishproductionof facilities16tons/yearwas found. The average feed conversion rate (FCR) as found 1.09. We have figured out that ponds have not been productively used and stock density is very high in Tokat, present aquaculture investments must rearranged considering scientific data

Elektrik güç sistemleri yüksek düzeyde lineer olmayan yapıya sahip olup yüklerin, generatör çıkışlarının ve sistem parametrelerinin sürekli değişimiyle beraber bütünsel bir değişkenlik karakteristiği gösterir. Günümüzde sürekli artan elektrik güç ihtiyaçları iletim hatlarının yüklenme sınırları yakınlarında çalışmasını zorlamaktadır. Bu sınır yakınlarında çalışma olası sistem arızalarının telafi edilemez sonuçlar doğurabilmesine neden olabilir. Sistem kritik bileşenleri üzerinde olası arıza senaryoları oluşturarak sürekli güç akışı analizleri yapmak ve oluşan arızaların etkilerini ölçeklemek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada 114 baralı Kuzeybatı Anadolu güç sisteminin 13 baralık kesiti üzerinde çeşitli arıza durumları oluşturularak sistem üzerindeki etkileri hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan güç akışı ve arıza hesaplamaları Powerworld yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

<p class="adergibibliography">While the first level agenda setting researches focus on the transfer of issue salience from the media to public agenda, second level agenda setting researches interest in the attributes emphasized in the news and their affect on the public agenda. Some of these researches tends to analysis the media agenda. Influences of the news media on each other are studied by the inter-media agenda setting researches at at both the first and second levels. The same researches examine also the effects of different types of media on each other. However there is the problem of lack of a systematic theoretical model. This is caused by the differentiation in the aims of researchers and in their research objects. The other problem in the inter-media agenda setting researches is that there is no research on the agenda setting effects of the newspapers which have different ideological and political identities. This research aims to scrutinize the inter-media agenda-setting effects among various newspapers that have got different points of view. The research is designed to test the central gravitation effects of the mainstream news papers. Here the Murder of Hrant Dink is selected as a case study.</p>

Mood disorders are the most common psychiatric comorbid disorder that affects quality of life and prognosis in epilepsy. The relation between depression and epilepsy is bidirectional. Not only the risk of having a depression among epilepsy cases is more than the healthy control cases, but also the risk of having epilepsy among depressive cases is more than the healthy control cases. People diagnosed with epilepsy are five times more likely than their peers to commit suicide. Moreover it seems that some epilepsy types like temporal lobe epilepsy have a much higher risk (25 times) for suicide. Risk of suicide in epilepsy, which is independent from depression, increases more with the presence of depression. The common pathway between epilepsy, depression and suicide is hypofrontality and irregularity of serotonin metabolism. Contrary to depression, data on relationship between bipolar disorder and epilepsy is limited. However, mood disorder, mixed episodes with irritable character and mania are more frequent than assumed. As a matter of fact, both disorders share some common features. Both are episodic and can become chronic. Kindling phenomenon, irregularities in neurotransmitters, irregularities in voltage gate ion channels and irregularities in secondary messenger systems are variables that are presented in the etiologies of both disorders. Anticonvulsant drugs with mood regulatory effects are the common points of treatment. Understanding their mechanisms of action will clarify the pathophysiological processes. In this article, the relationhip between epilepsy and mood disorders, comorbidity, secondary states and treatment options in both cases have been discussed.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin 1960-2010 dönemi için Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi (EKC) hipotezinin geçerliliğini test etmektir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ARDL sınır testi ile Granger nedensellik testiyle araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucu, EKC hipotezinin Türkiye için geçerli olduğu ve özellikle enerji tüketimi (EC), finansal gelişme (FD) ve dışa açıklığın (OP) karbondioksit (CO2) emisyonunu arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Nedensellik testi sonucuna göre, kısa dönemde FD’den CO2 emisyonuna, EC’ye ve GDP’ye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik belirlenmiştir. Uzun dönemde ise CO2 emisyonu ile EC, CO2 emisyonu ile ekonomik büyüme (EG) ve CO2 emisyonu ile FD arasında feed-back (geri-besleme) hipotezini doğrulayan bulgular elde edilmiştir.

Soft tissue osteoma is a rare entity having a strong predilection for the head and neck region, mainly posterior region of the tongue. The so-called lingual osteoma is mostly manifested as an asymptomatic exophytic lesion. It can be diagnosed by physical or radiological examinations.We represent a patient with undiagnosed lingual osteoma, accidentally detected during laryngoscopy for intubation for a gynecologic surgery. General anesthesia was planned for a 52 year-old undergoing gynecologic surgery. Before surgery a laryngoscopy was performed for intubation. During this procedure a pedunculated mass was seen in the posterior region of the tongue. Although the pathogenesis and terminology is controversial, surgical excision is the preferred treatment modality. We aimed to present an osseos lesion in tongue, to review the literature in regard to relevant clinical, histological features and to discuss the pathogenesis and terminology involved.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a disease affectingone or more extremities, characterized by spontaneouspain, allodynia, hyperpathia and hyperalgesia.CRPS is separated into Type 1 and Type 2. CRPS whichdevelops after a nociceptive event is labeled as Type 1and when it develops following peripheral nerve damage,Type 2. Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood,peripheral and central sensitivity are held responsible.Bilateral lower extremity involvement is extremely rare.However, it should be borne in mind that it can develop intraumatic injuries which occur in more than one area anddiagnosis and commencement of a rehabilitation programshould be made in the early period. The case is presentedhere of bilateral Type 1 CRPS developing after incompletespinal cord injury and bilateral calcaneus fracture. JClin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3): 360-363Key words: complex regional pain syndrome, calcaneusfracture, spinal cord injury

This study aims to investigate the relationship between being cyber- bully / cyber-victim and social perception levels in adolescents. In this study, descriptive method was employed. The sample of the study consited of 300 students whom attending different high schools in Trabzon in 2009-2010 school years. 159 students of the sample were boys (% 53) and 141 students were girls (% 47). Cyberbullying Scale and Social Comparision Scale were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation coefficient and independent samples t test were conducted to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between being cyber-bully/cyber-victim and social perception levels. As a result of this, students develop negative thinking both themselves and their social life. Also students who have low social perception being more cyber-bully/cyber-victim. These results were discussed in light of relevant literature and some new direction were given to the further studies.

Turkmens have the highest population tribes, after Uzbeks, in Afghanistan. Turkmens live in cities and towns with Uzbeks. In this study, information is given about Turkmen Ersaris’, which we have very little knowledge about them, languages and histories. For information subject to study, benefited from the Works of poets belonging to Ersari tribes and collections of dialect which done in cities and villages. Afghanistan Turkmen literature based on poetry. There is almost no prose Works. Effects of Uzbek languages could be seen clearly on Works of Turkmen poets. Schools in Afghanistan, taught mainly Persian and Pashto also Urdu, Hindi, Arabic, Tajiki. Many words enter to Afghanistan Turkmen Turkish from especially Arabic and Persian. When examining Afghanistan Turkmen language, influence of Uzbek Turkish should be considered specially. Afghanistan Ersaris language in some places leave from Turkmen Ersaris language in terms of shape and suffix. Afganistan’da Özbeklerden sonra en fazla nüfusa sahip olan kavim Türkmenlerdir. Afganistan Türkmenlerinin büyük çoğunluğu, Ersarı boyundan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da haklarında çok az bilgi sahibi olduğumuz Türkmen Ersarılarının dilleri, tarihleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmamıza konu olan bilgiler için, Ersarı boyuna mensup şâirlerin eserlerinden, şehirlerde ve köylerde yapılan ağız derlemelerinden faydalanılmıştır. Afganistan Türkmen edebiyatı, şiir üzerine kurulmuştur. Nesir türünde eser yok denecek kadar azdır. Türkmen şâirlerinin eserlerinde Özbek dilinin tesirleri çok açık görülebilir. Türkmenlere okullarda Farsça ve Peştunca ağırlıklı olmak üzere Urduca, Hintçe, Arapça, Tacikçe öğretilmektedir. Afganistan Türkmen Türkçesine özellikle Arapça ve Farsçadan birçok kelime girmiştir. Afganistan Türkmenlerinin dillerini incelerken Özbek Türkçesinin tesiri özellikle dikkate alınmalıdır. Afganistan Ersarılarının dili, Türkmenistan Ersarılarının dillerinden şekil ve ek bakımından kimi yerde ayrılır.

In recent years, the increasing importance of intellectual capital has demanded measuring and reporting of intellectual capital in firms.The purpose of this paper is to summarize the features of the intellectual capital measurement and reporting methods and eveluate these methods for Turkish acounting system.

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Hemangioma is one of the most common benign tumorsin the head and neck region. Laryngeal hemangiomasare benign vascular tumors of unknown etiology thatarise from subglottic region with stridor in infants. Thistype also known as congenital laryngeal hemangioma, isthe more common. Congenital hemangiomas occur usuallyin subglottic region and more frequent in girls. Laryngealhemangioma in adults is a very rare conditionand main symptom is hoarseness and breathing difficulties.Adult hemangiomas can be seen in different locationssuch as the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoidsand false and true vocal cords. They are more oftenof cavernous form and cause hoarseness. In this reportwe present an adult patient with hemangioma ofthe left vocal fold and review the literature. Diagnosticinvestigation revealed a pink-purple mass which was extendedfrom the anterior comissure to the posterior partof true vocal cord and false vocal cord, filling the ventriculeand extending to supraglottic region. Directlaryngoscopy was performed, but the lesion was not excisedbecause of its widespread extension in the larynx. JClin Exp Invest 2010; 2(1): 91-94

Normally testis is developed in the abdomen and descends in to the designated scrotal sac at the time of birth or within one or two years after birth. Several factors are associated with proper descent of the testis. Failure to descend, may lead to undescended testis or cryptorchidism. In the present case, we found an undescended testis partly in the inguinal canal and partly in the abdomen in a 71-year-old male cadaver. The epididymis descended first and its major portion was outside the superficial inguinal ring. The rest of the flattened epididymis was found inside the canal attached to the upper tapered pole of the testis and the vas deferens was found arising from this portion. The testicular vessels traversing through the deep inguinal ring then entered the postero-lateral portion of the tapered portion of the testis within the canal. No torsion and necrotic changes were observed in the undescended testis. Histological examination revealed a normal pattern in the epididymis which was outside the canal and a primitive duct system in the part of the epididymis within the canal. However, the entire testis showed only non-canalized smaller seminiferous tubules with very few cellular components and large inter-tubular spaces. The most common problems associated with such undescended testes are altered fertility, testicular cancer, inguinal hernia and testicular torsion with necrosis. Therefore, identifying the condition, evaluating the associated syndromes, proper diagnosis and therapeutic strategies are very important to prevent the adverse consequences mentioned above. [Cukurova Med J 2014; 39(3.000): 662-668]

In the Ottoman Empire, the primary level schools had been called “Sıbyan Mektebi”, local school or stone school. At those schools whose primary aim was to teach the Koran, education of religion and literacy, the most used teaching method had been memorizing. Although those schools established depending on foundations could meet the needs at the first periods of the Ottoman Empire, they couldn't keep pace with the changing situations. Although the reform of the "Sıbyan Mektebi" had been the current issue at the beginnings of the 19th century, the Ottoman primary education system had undergone major changes especially since 1870s. In this process, the “Sıbyan” schools were converted into “İptadie”s; modern teaching methods called “usul-i cedide” (new method) and several new course materials such as desk, black board, chalk, map, globe and teacher lectern were begun to be used. With the Maarif-i Umumiye Regulation accepted in 1869, that courses such as usul-i cedide with elifba, Koran, tecvit, ethics, catechism, writing, calculation, history of the Ottoman, geography, knowledge of public works would take place and that the duration of primary education would be four years were proposed. After that regulation, different programs were prepared as three years for city and for town iptidais and as four years for rural schools. At those programs, lessons such as history, geography, calculation, sarf-ı Osmani, orthography, reading and calligraphy were added and subjects of the lessons were included as well as the explanation of the courses. Thus it is possible to qualify those programs as first detailed primary school programs. With the Act of Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye, in 1913, the duration of the primary school was increased and it became six years. The last primary school programs of the Ottoman according to that law belonged to years 1913-1914. Courses such as handicrafts-art, music, physical education, health education were put into the program for the first time and at that time these changes should be seen as an important step for Ottomans in that time. Also nationalism in education stood out as general character of the period. With courses like language of the Ottoman, history and geography, it was desired that patriotism and nationalism were instilled to children. In the early years of the Republic, the meaning of the primary education was changed and after all it was aimed to educate citizen who was appropriate for the qualifications of the Republic. Accordingly, the programs that complied with the requirements of the period was prepared in 1924, 1926 and 1936. The program prepared in 1924 was such a transitional program. The 1926’s Program was the first program that had been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Republic. In the content of this such courses as social sciences and civics were added into the program and significant changes were made in the contents of the courses. In addition, principles of modern education such as observation and research were adopted into the program. As for 1936, after the inclusion of the principles of the CHP the program then had a different content. Subjects of the program were arranged as appropriate to the goals of primary education like 1926 primary school program. It is possible to tell that generally periodical political and social characters and needs shaped the preparation of the primary school programs from the latest periods of the Ottoman Empire and the first years of the Turkish Republic. Accordingly, program development works in primary education often became the main topic. In the study, it has been aimed to reveal what kind of changes and needs directed the primary education reforms that started in the last periods of the Ottomans thanks to the Republic and how they were reflected in the programs. In this direction, in this study, advances in primary education, and primary education programs had been discussed from the late Ottoman to the early years of the Republic. In that context, descriptive research method has been used in that work. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda ilköğretim seviyesindeki okullara sıbyan mektebi, mahalle mektebi veya taş mektep adı verilmiştir. Temel amacı Kur’an, din bilgisi ve okuma yazma öğretmek olan bu mekteplerde en çok kullanılan öğretim metodu ezber olmuştur. Vakıflara bağlı olarak kurulan bu okullar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun ilk dönemlerinde ihtiyaca cevap verebilmişlerse de ileriki dönemlerde değişen şartlara ayak uyduramamışlardır. Sıbyan okullarının ıslahı konusu 19. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren gündeme gelmişse de; Osmanlı ilköğretim sisteminin özellikle 1870’li yıllardan itibaren büyük değişimlere uğradığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda sıbyan mektepleri iptidailere dönüştürülmüş; usul-i cedide (yeni yöntem) denilen modern öğretim yöntemleri ve öğrenci sırası, kara tahta, tebeşir, harita, yer küresi ve öğretmen kürsüsü gibi yeni birtakım ders araç-gereçleri kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. 1869’da kabul edilen Maarif-i Umumiye Nizamnamesi’yle birlikte iptidailerin programına usul-i cedide ile elifba, Kuran-ı Kerim, tecvit, ahlak, ilmihal, yazı, hesap, tarih-i Osmanî, coğrafya, malumat-ı nafıa gibi derslerin yer alması ve ilkokulun öğrenim süresinin dört yıl olması öngörülmüştür. Bu nizamnamenin ardından 1891’de şehir ve kasaba iptidaileri için üç yıllık, köy okulları için dört yıllık olmak üzere ayrı ayrı programlar hazırlanmıştır. Bu programlarda tarih, coğrafya, hesap, sarf-ı Osmanî, imla, kıraat, hüsn-i hat gibi dersler eklenmiş ve derslerin açıklamalarıyla birlikte konularına da yer verilmiştir. Bu yönüyle bu programları ilk ayrıntılı ilkokul programları olarak nitelendirmek mümkündür. 1913’te ise Tedrisat-ı İptidaiye Kanunu (İlköğretim Geçici Yasası) ile birlikte ilköğretimde yeni düzenlemelere gidildiği görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda ilkokulun öğrenim süresi arttırılarak altı yıla çıkarılmıştır. Bu kanun uyarınca hazırlanan Osmanlı’nın son ilkokul programları 1913, 1914 yıllarına aittir. Bu programlarda ilk kez elişleri ve resim, müzik, beden eğitimi ve sağlık bilgisi gibi yeni dersler konulmuştur ki bu o dönem Osmanlısı için önemli bir adım olarak görülmelidir. Ayrıca dönemin genel yapısı itibariyle eğitimde millilik göze çarpmaktadır. Programdaki lisan-ı Osmanî, tarih, coğrafya gibi derslerle çocuklara vatan ve millet sevgisi verilmek istenmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarında ise ilköğretime daha farklı görev ve anlamlar yüklenmiş; Cumhuriyetin niteliklerine uygun yurttaş yetiştirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda ilköğretimde program geliştirme çalışmaları başlatılmış; ilk ilkokul programı 1924’te hazırlanmış; ardından 1926 ve 1936’da dönemlerin gereklerine uygun yeni ilkokul programları hazırlanmıştır. 1924 ilkokul programı daha çok geçiş programı niteliğindedir. Cumhuriyetin gereklerine ve niteliklerine uygun olarak hazırlanmış ilk ilkokul programı 1926 ilkokul programı olmuştur. 1926 ilkokul programında hayat bilgisi, yurt bilgisi gibi yeni dersler konulmuş; derslerin içeriklerinde de önemli değişimler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca programda; gözlem, araştırma ve inceleme gibi çağdaş eğitim-öğretim ilkeleri benimsenmiştir. 1926 programından sonra 1936’da Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin ilkelerine ayrıntılı bir şekilde yer verilerek ilkokul programına farklı bir içerik verildiği görülmektedir. Konuları ise 1926 ilkokul programındaki gibi ilköğretimin amaçlarına uygun şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemlerinden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına kadar ilkokul programlarının hazırlanışında genellikle dönemlerin siyasal, sosyal yapılarının ve ihtiyaçlarının yön vermiş olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda ilköğretimde program geliştirme çalışmaları sıkça gündeme gelmiştir. Çalışmada; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemlerinde başlayan ilköğretim reformuna Cumhuriyetle beraber ne gibi değişikliklerin ve ihtiyaçların yön verdiği ve bunun da programlara nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun son dönemlerinden itibaren Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına kadar ilköğretimdeki ve ilkokul programlarındaki gelişmeler ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada betimsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Today, keeping and determining the quality of the food products is actually a problem. The quality control workers classify the fruits and vegetables according to their quality and properties by means of hands and eyes. However, this method does not provide the standard of quality and it is possible to occur incorrect classification. At the same time, there is a great loss in terms of time and labour force. In order to eliminate these cases, it is possible to categorize fruits quickly and in line with the standards depending upon a machine automatically. In this study, real-time marching band passing over the apples, size, color, class and weight determination were 95.5% Any performance. 0.5 seconds is the average time taken in recognition of an Apple

This study was conducted to determine a suitable time and temperature combination for the electrical conductivity test to be used in sorghum seeds. Fifty seeds known initial seed moisture content and weight of fresh and dead seeds (105°C for 6h) of seven sorghum cultivars were used as material. The electrical conductivities of soaking water were measured using an EC meter in 20, 25 and 30°C for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h using 50 mL deionized water. The experimental design was three factor factorial (7 × 3 × 4) arranged in a completely randomized design; with four replications and 50 seeds per replicate. The results showed that increased time and temperature caused a remarkable increase in EC values of all of the cultivars. Temperature significantly affected the electrical conductivity values and the best results were obtained at 25°C. The cultivars with the lower germination percentage gave the higher electrical conductivity value. Dead seeds always gave higher electrical conductivity at 25°C for all periods. It was concluded that the temperature of 25°C and 24 h was the optimum combination for the electrical conductivity test in sorghum.

Çevresel problemler göz önüne alındığında, katı atıkların bertarafı birçok dünya ülkesinin temel problemlerinden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda farklı kaynaklarda oluşan ve büyük ölçüde çeşitlilik gösteren katı atıkların bir kısmının tekrar kullanımı hedeflenmektedir. Böylece ekonomik fayda sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Katı atıkların yarattığı çevre kirliliğine, su kaynaklarında meydana gelen ekolojik problemlerin de eklenmesi insanlık için daha büyük risklerin habercisidir. Dolayısıyla katı atıkların bertarafında önemli yeri olan tekrar kullanımın, sadece ekonomik faydası değil, “atığın atıkla giderim” esasına katkısı da tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Tüketim hızının giderek arttığı dünyada, özellikle tarımsal kökenli atıkların, su arıtımında adsorbent olarak kullanılmasıyla yüksek arıtma verimleri sağlandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumu takip eden çeşitli araştırmalar, muz kabuğu, ayçiçeği sapı, pirinç kabuğu, portakal kabuğu gibi tarımsal kökenli atıkların yanı sıra kül ve arıtma çamuru gibi atıkların da organik ve inorganik bir takım kirleticilerin su ortamından arıtılmasında önemli rol oynadıklarını göstermiştir. Böylece adsorbent maliyeti nedeniyle çoğu zaman işletmeler tarafından uygun görülmeyen ve pilot ölçekli çalışma olarak kalan adsorpsiyon prosesinin kullanılabilirliğinin arttırılması şansı doğmuştur. Adsorpsiyon proseslerinin yaygınlaştırılması ile atıksu arıtımında elde edilebilecek yüksek verimlerin yanı sıra bu proseslerde adsorbent olarak kullanılan atıkların bertarafı da sağlanmış olacaktır. Aynı zamanda bu durum atıkların başka proseslerde de benzer şekilde değerlendirilmelerinin önünü açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada özellikle endüstriyel bazda kullanımlarında ekonomik ve çevresel faydalar sağlayacak atık kökenli adsorbentlerin türleri ve kapasiteleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Principle Of Removal With Waste Of Waste In Environmental Protection Solid wastes disposal is one of the fundamental environmental problems of many world countries. By this way reusing of some parts of solid wastes which composed in different sources and shown large scale variety have been aimed. So these ways have been aimed to provide economic benefits. Ecological problems of water resources have been added to solid wastes impurity and these facts have shown bigger risks for humanity. So reusing which is more important of solid waste disposal makes a contribution to waste removal with waste except economical benefits. Especially researchers have been observed to agricultural adsorbents efficiency on the adsorption of water treatment. Some of different research shown that inorganic wastes like ash and sewage sludge as important as agricultural wastes like banana peel, sunflower stem, rice husk, orange peel on wastewater treatment. In this way adsorption’s availability is getting higher for process. High treatment efficiency on wastewater treatment and waste disposal will actualize by adsorption. And these will be example for the other process. In this study, economical and environmental benefits of waste material adsorbents’ species and capacities were evaluated for especially industrial process.

Âşık Deryâmî is one of the representatives of minstrel literature of the 20th century. Like his predescessor and contemporary minstrels, he lived as a member of ordinary people, and naturally, grew up with folk culture. The main purpose of this study is to examine the folk culture elements that take place in Minstrel Deryâmi’s poems. To achieve this goal books about Deryâmî hasbeen scanned with great care; proverbs, idioms, place names, plant names, local sayings, beliefs, occupations, folk poets and minstrels, prayers, curses, religious motives, relatiosships, musical instruments, fairy-tale motives etc. in books have been struggled to examine. The datas have been shown in tables. It has been brought out that two indispensible words “rose” and “nightingale” of both divan literature and folk literature are mostly used in Deryâmî’s poems.

In Turkey especially in the second half of the 20th century, village theme works have a considerable place in the fields of Literature and Social Anthropology. In this article, in which one of the early products of village literature in Republican Era Turkish Literature has been reviewed in relation to ethnographic literature, the ethnographicity of the book “Bizim Köy”has been discussed in terms of its reflection of village reality as well as the characteristics that make it an example of reflexive writing in the light of ongoing discussions on ethnograhic writing. <br> <br> Türkiye’de, edebiyat ve sosyal bilimler alanında, özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında köy konulu çalışmalar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Cumhuriyet dönemi Türk Edebiyatı’nda “Köy Edebiyatı” akımının ilk ürünlerinden biri olan “Bizim Köy”ün etnografik yazınla ilişkili olarak incelendiği bu makalede; kitabın köy gerçekliğini yansıtmadaki yeterliliği ile refleksif bir yazın örneği olabilecek özellikleri birlikte ele alınmış, Sosyal Antropoloji disiplini içerisinde süregelen etnografik yazının niteliği tartışmaları ışığında eserin etnografik yazın sayılp sayılamayacağı tartışılmıştır.

The aim of this study is to search measles, hepatitis A and malaria prevalance in Aydin during the last 5 years, compare them with national prevalance rates and determine distrubution of these diseases by age and sex. Measles, hepatitis A and malaria cases reported by Form 017 to Provential Health Directorate between January 1999-December 2000 are compared with national prevalance rates. We searched distrubition of these diseases by age and sex. We used descriptive method for this study. Number of measles, hepatitis A and malaria cases were found lower than national levels. This may be because of the location of the city. The most reported disease was hepatitis A in the city. This is followed by measles and malaria respectively. Reported cases for these three diseases decreased at last 5 years in Aydin. Prevalance rates decreased by 17,4 per 100.000 for measles, 3,8 per 100.000 for malaria, 18,2 per 100 000 for hepatitis A. The most important reason of this fall is succesful management of primary care activities. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2004; 3(11.000): 265-270]

Despite developments in treatment options there is no significant increase in treatment adherence ratios. Inadherence in psychiatric disorders is higher than the other diseases. Loss of insight, drugs' side effects, sociodemographic features, personality traits are major factors affecting the treatment adherence. Determining and overcoming these factors for each disorder will help to improve adherence and reduce the treatment costs and hospitalization. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2016; 8(1): 85-93]

Being a branch of calligraphy, the imperialmonogram (tugra) is one of the subject matters of theclassical Turkish poetry with regard to its form and itsfunction within the Ottoman social life. The poemswritten only to describe and praise the monogram of astatesman should be called tugraiyye implying the nameof the genre. In this article, definition for the genre hasbeen made considering the examples of tugraiyye whichwe could find out. Also we have studied the form of amonogram and descriptions of monogram in poems.

This paper assesses the advantages and disadvantages of alternative monetary policy strategies involves for emerging market countries. Then it discusses two emerging market countries which illustrate what it takes to make inflation targeting work well, Chile and Brazil. The next topic that assessing inflation targeting as a monetary policy strategy for Turkey. The conclusion from this analysis is that inflation targeting is more complicated in Turkey. In order to improve inflation targeting’s performance in Turkey, the role of communication and transparency which is crutial for the process of building credibility, should be increased.

This study aims to determine educational problems of Turkish students who are between 15 and 19 years old living in Germany. Sample of the study consisted of 197 Turkish students at secondary education level in Lunen, North Rein Westfalen in Germany. An instrument related to Turkish students’ educational problems has been developed to collect data in the study. In this study, most of Turkish students claim their level of German reading, writing, understanding and speaking is quite high, while about one-third of them express that their German grammer levels are moderate or low. Furthermore, more than half of Turkish students indicate their teachers have positive attitudes towards them, almost two-fifth of students state that school administrators behave equally to them like other German students and two-third of them express that they benefit from school facilities equally. Moreover, three-fourth of Turkish students state they are satisfied with their schools and more than half of them think that they can find a job easily after graduation.

In this paper, Turkey European Union partnership that enables starting full membership negotiations with European Union and historical background are being analysed. After evaluating historical events, will analyse negotiation process for full membership that is very important for Turkey. In this process, Turkey’s strategy will be very important because Greece and Cyprus may vote against Turkey frequently. For this reason, in this paper, we analyse basic principles of negotiations, its content, process and being successful conditions in detail. After this, we will evaluate Turkey’s process of full membership negotiations with European Union.

Participatory budgeting is shaped by local administratons that is a budgeting process in accordance with public priorities and preferences. İn this sense, participatory budgeting is considered to one of the most important step in transtion from representative democracy to participatory democracy. In 1989 for first time applied in Brazillian city of Porto Alegre participatory budgeting model is that applied in thousands of cities and very successful results have been obtained. A structural relationship is established with citizens who benefit from the local services and local administrations in the provision of local services in participatory budgeting. This structual relationship is creates a favorable environment both to provide public accountability and ensuring public control in local governments. Therefore, the spread of participatory budgeting is extremely important in point of democratic development and ensuring efficiency of resoruce use.

<span>Developed and developing countries of the world are seeking high quality, low cost and less time parameters for products which produced with evolving industrial technology. Hence, nowadays instead of manpower machine power is preferred for many industrial applications. In today's industrial applications, robots and robotic arms are widely used because of the amount of high load, continuous operation and features such as low error. In this study, the products which are passing over production line classified with the help of the robot arm and developed embedded system software. In this study, 60 products in total which 45 of them have no manufacturing fault and 15 of them have manufacturing defect have been classified with a very high success rate with 100%.</span>

Taban baldeki kuaziparçacık sayısı ile ölçülebilen taban hal korelasyonları (GSC), Rasgele Faz Yaklaşım ı (QRPA), Renormalize QRPA (R­QRPA) ve Tamamen Renormalize QRPA (FR-QRPA) yaklaşımlarndaki Hamiltoniyenler ele alınarak çalışıldı. Hesaplama sonuçları, GSC de yüksek enerjili ı+ hallerin önemini ve teorinin güvenirliliği için RP A çözümlerinin tam çözümlerinin ne derece önemli olduğunu gösterdi.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions of women academicians regarding “being a woman academician” through metaphors. The participants of the research are 67 women faculty members working in a newly established university in Central Anatolia Region in the 2013-2014 academic year. “Women Academicians Metaphors Survey” developed by the researchers was used as the data collection tool. Phenomenological design was used in the research and data was analyzed by using content analysis technique. As a result of data analysis, it was determined that women academicians developed a total of 65 metaphors. The metaphors developed by the participants were collected under nine conceptual categories. There are 18 metaphors such as ‘octopus', ‘foodprocessor', ‘cloned person', ‘chameleon', ‘shaman', ‘Swiss army knife' in the first category namely “woman academician as someone with multiple duties and responsibilities”. While the category of “woman academician as someone nourishing her vicinity with her productions” has nine metaphors such as ‘soil', ‘scientist', ‘cloud', ‘water'; the category of “woman academician as someone diligent” consists of metaphors of ‘bee', ‘ant' and ‘high-speed train'. There are seven metaphors such as ‘tumbler', ‘warrior', ‘duck' in the category of “woman academician as someone standing strong under difficulties”; six metaphors such as ‘non-fuel powered car', ‘candle', ‘devoted mother' in the category of “woman academician as someone devoted”; five metaphors such as ‘miracle', ‘superhero' in the category of “woman academician as a miraculous presence”; four metaphors such as ‘salaried housewife' and ‘employed housewife' in the category of “woman academician primarily as a housewife”; three metaphors as ‘scales', ‘tightrope walker' and ‘pendulum' in the category of “woman academician as someone having to maintain a balance”; three metaphors as ‘window dressing', ‘plan B' and ‘presence trying to become a whole' in the category of “woman academician as someone unnamed”.

Aim: Results of first 50 laparoscopic upper urinary tractus surgeries which were performed in Adiyaman State Hospital during compulsory duty after specialty training are presented. Material and Method: Fifty patients who underwent laparoscopic upper urinary tractus surgeries in our clinic between February 2012 and January 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. All of the laparoscopic procedures were performed using transperitoneal method. Results: Mean age of the patients was 42,6±13,6 (17-74), and mean operation duration was 96,8±12,4 minutes (28-165). Thirty two patients were males and 18 were females. Intraoperative complications were not seen in any of the patients and operations didn%u2019t proceed to open surgeries. All patients were mobilized at first day after the operation. No patient needed opioids as painkillers at postoperative period. Decrease in hematocrit level was obseved in a patient at early postoperative period and this patient was followed conservatively with 6 units of erythrocyte suspension. Herniation from the port area was observed in a patient who had cortical cyst excision at postoperative 3rd month. No major complication was observed. Discussion: Laparoscopic surgery which is becoming more commonly used nowadays can be safely applied in state hospitals if appropriate infrastructure is provided.

<span style="color: #515151;">In this study, geological, hydrological, hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Aksu (Isparta) plain were investigated. In addition, determination of the water quality and availability in current status besides groundwater dynamics were aimed in the scope of work. The study area is located in the southwest Turkey, and lithological units belonging to Beydaglari autochthonous and Antalya nappes are observed. The most important surface water and groundwater reservoirs are Aksu river and alluvial-karst aquifers, respectively. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality of the water are important because water is used as drinking water and irrigation water in the plain. For this purpose, in situ measurements and chemical analyzes were carried out in the period of May-2013 on water resources. According to the obtained results, water resources is Mg-HCO3, Ca-HCO3, and Mg-Ca-HCO3 facies. According to the Water Pollution Control Regulation, all surface and groundwaters are determined in 4th water quality class in terms of sulfur owing to water-rock interaction. The assessment of the usage properties of the waters indicate that water sources is suitable for drinking and irrigation water usage in generally.</span>

Background and Design: In this study, we aimed to compare effects of acitretin and narrow-band UVB with the combination of placebo and narrow-band UVB on the treatment of plaque type psoriasis. Material and Method: A total of 50 patients with plaque type psoriasis in whom more than 10% of body surface area affected were divided into 2 groups of 25 subjects. The first group of patients was treated with narrow-band UVB and 25 mg/day oral acitretin and the second group of patients was treated with narrow-band UVB and placebo. Patients were evaluated every 2 weeks during 12 weeks period. In each patient visit, PASI was evaluated by an independent observer. SAPASI which is assessed by the patient was calculated. Pre- and post-treatment quality of life was evaluated by Skindex 29. Results: The study included a total of 50 patients (25 female, 25 male) aged 18-71 years. When PASI and SAPASI changes were evaluated, there were significant differences between two groups at second week (p<0.05). Also, there were significant differences in terms of PASI and SAPASI values at 4 th, 6 th, 8 th, 10 th and 12 th weeks of two groups (p<0.001). Clinical response was found to be better in patients treated with the combination of acitretin and narrow-band UVB compared to those treated with narrow-band UVB therapy alone. Both treatment protocols were found to lead to significant improvement in the symptoms, function and emotional scales scores of Skindex 29. Conclusion: Because of short and better response of combination treatment clinicians may prefer combination treatment for patients who have psoriasis vulgaris and are suitable for taking narrow-band UVB and acitretin. Psoriasis is considered a kind of disease that has significant impacts on quality of life.

Low-voltage fountainheads such as car, tractor or motorcycle batteries are predisposed to produce large currents. Any metal object that comes into contact with these batteries may result in short-circuit. This may result in rapid and excessive heating of metal object and an electrothermal burn. Herein we presented a motorcycle driver who was 28-year-old man with electrothermal ring burn which was caused by metal chain that was used as a ring.

OBJECTIVE: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis is more frequently used as renal replacement therapy for end stage renal failure patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on cytokines and permeability of peritoneum in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 21 patients with peritoneal dialysis followed at Çukurova University Department of Nephrology were included. Pentoxifylline was given 2x400 mg daily for three weeks in addition to the standard therapy. All of the patient characteristics such as age, sex, accompanied disease, duration of peritoneal dialysis, edema, body weight, drugs were recorded. Peritoneal equilibration test was done before and after pentoxifylline therapy. Kt/Vurea and creatinine clearance were calculated. Peritoneal transport type, ultrafiltrate and urine volumes and peritoneal sodium excretion were determined. RESULTS: There was no difference for the Kt/Vurea, creatinine clearence, the serum and peritoneal dialysate levels of BUN, creatinine, sodium, albumin, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, beta-2 microglobulin between baseline and after the pentoxifylline therapy. Additionally, there was no difference for measured parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic groups. Relationships between peritoneal sodium excretion and Kt/Vurea, ultrafiltration and sum of urine volume+ultrafiltrate were not found. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between serum albumin and serum IL-10 levels at baseline and after pentoxifylline therapy (p; 0,049). CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline was not found to be effective in peritoneal permeability. This may be related to the short duration of pentoxifylline therapy and/or the relatively small number of the patients.

The purpose of the study was to test the reliability and validity of the “The Scale of Service Quality in Recreational Sport" (SSQRS -38) for Turkish recreational sports participants. 173 male (56.9%) and 131 female (43.1%) exercise participants voluntarily participated in this study. The Scale of Service Quality in Recreational Sport -38 is a 49-item self-report measure of recreational sport service quality and consists of the following eleven subscales: (a) range of programs, (b) operating time, (c) information, (d) client-employee interaction, (e) inter-client interaction, (f) physical change, (g) valance, (h) sociability, (i) ambiance, (j) design ve (k) equipment. Participants were asked to rate each item on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disegree) to 7 (strongly agree). Principle Component Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation for testing factor structure of Turkish version of SSQRS-38 supported 10 factor structures for 304 exercise participants and 38 items explains % 73 of variance. The internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha) value for 304 exercise participants were ranged from .72 (operating time) to .91 (design). It can be concluded that the SSQRS-38 is a reliable and valid instrument to assess quality in recreational sport services for Turkish participants.

Wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici has recently been detected in different regions of Iran. With respect to biocontrol effect of Trichoderma spp. on many pathogenic fungi, seven isolates of Trichoderma and four isolates of Talaromyces were in vitro evaluated in terms of their biological control against the disease causal agent. In dual culture test the five isolates showed efficient competition for colonization against pathogenic fungus and the highest percentages of inhibition belonging to Talaromyces flavus 60 and Talaromyces flavus 136 were 59.52 and 57.61%, respectively. Microscopic investigations showed that in regions where antagonistic isolates and Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici coincide, hyphal contact, penetration and fragmentation of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici were observed. Investigating the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds at 10 ml concentration showed that the highest inhibition percentage on mycelium growth of the pathogen caused by T. harzianum (44.76%) and T. longibrachiatum (52.38%) respectively.

It is seen in the poem that the scenes created via allusions and references are utilized mostly and these usages in question strengthen the text in several aspects while there are no scenes that were created via quotations. As to the scenes created via references, we see Dede Korkut, Yunus Emre, Ahmet Yesevi, Karacaoğlan, shamans, bards, poems, epics, the elements and the people, who made significant impressions in Turkish history and culture and etc. In the other hand, we see Orhon Inscriptions in regard to the scenes created via allusions. There are some allusions from the inscriptions in many parts of the poem. In this perspective, the poem bears the feature of being polyphonic type of narration in terms of intertextuality. Şiirde alıntı yoluyla oluşturulan görünümlere rastlanılmazken gönderge yoluyla ve anıştırma yoluyla oluşturulmuş görünümlerin sıkça kullanıldığını ve söz konusu kullanımların metni çeşitli açılardan güçlendirdiğini görmekteyiz. Gönderge yoluyla oluşturulmuş görünümlere baktığımızda Dede Korkut’u, Yunus Emre’yi, Ahmet Yesevî’yi, Karacoğlan’ı, kamları, şamanları, ozanları, şiirleri, destanları vb. Türk tarih ve kültüründe derin izler bırakmış kişi ve ögeleri görürüz. Öte yandan anıştırma yoluyla oluşturulmuş görünümlere baktığımızda Orhun Yazıtları’nı görmekteyiz. Şiirin birçok bölümünde yazıtlardan anıştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu şiir metinlerarasılık açısından çoksesli bir anlatı olma özelliği taşımaktadır.

Aim of this research is to determine the qualifications which an effective teacher should have and to designate these qualifications according to their importance in the light of teachers‟ perception.Teachers working in Kırşehir city center have been the environment for this research.A specific sample hasn‟t been choosen because all the environment has been reached.The questionnaire which has been made by the researcher has been used in order to collect data and these data have been analysed by using techniques of frequency and percentage and then interpreted in schedules.At the end of the research,effective teacher attitudes in the light of their perceptions have been classified as „‟personality‟‟, „‟professional sufficiency‟‟, „‟behaviour to students‟‟, „‟branch knowledge‟‟ and determined order of their importance.According to the teachers in this working group, preference orders of effective theacher qualifications have not changed in terms of their branches.

The main subject , is a based on a review of the product in the narration, a sense of social life depends historical progress. This acceptance, the mythological history of civilization of the human race, religious and scientific thought system operates similar to the arguments in view of the described products and has developed a form born in the defense. However, the relationship between species, also shows the relationship between individuals and management. <br> <br> Anlatma esasına dayalı ürünlerin incelenmesinde, sosyal yaşama bağlı tarihsel ilerlemeci bir anlayış, söz konusudur. Bu kabul, insan ırkının uygarlık tarihinin mitolojik, dini ve bilimsel bir düşünüş sistemi izlediği savından hareketle anlatı ürünlerinin de benzer bir formda doğup geliştiğini savunur. Ancak türler arasındaki ilişki birey ile yönetim arasındaki ilişkinin de göstergesidir.

Objective: In this study, a condition of diagnostic test only two categories as patient/healthy (or positive/negative) is evaluated by two clinicians is considered. Additionally, the aim of this study is exhibiting how the condition of the coefficients of individual agreement (CIA), Cohen's Kappa, AC1 statistics which are some of agreement statistics using for evaluating the agreement between the clinicians is affected by the sensitivity, specificity and prevalence. Material and Methods: In this study, two different scenarios are established. In the first scenario, it is aimed to show how they are affected from the prevalence by fixing sensitivity and specificity values. In case of the second scenario, it is considered that the sensitivity and specificity values of X observer are not equal and higher and the sensitivity and specificity values of Y observer are not equal and the above-mentioned 4 combinations. In these two scenarios and eight different combinations, it is aimed to define how the coefficients of individual agreement, Cohen's kappa statistics and AC1 statistics change for different prevalence values and to show how they are affected by the sensitivity, specificity and prevalence values. Results: In Scenario 2, in the second and third combinations with, it is an expected situation that in case of a high sensitivity, the agreement coefficients increases when the prevalence value increases and in cases of low sensitivity, they decreases depending on the increase rate of the prevalence value. In these combinations it is observed that only the coefficients of individual agreement give such results while kappa statistics and AC1 statistics have symmetrical results in all combinations. Conclusion: At the end of this study, while observing the agreement between the observers in reliability studies including two observers and diagnostic test consists of two categories such as ''patients'' and ''healthy'', it is suggested that the researchers should take into account the prevalence and bias concepts and use the coefficients of individual agreement (CIA) since it is not affected by the sensitivity, specificity and prevalence values.

Geertz argues that focusing solely on meanings is not convincing enough in order to study the culture which he defines as the web of meanings, and we can interpret the culture by only specifying the interrelations between meanings. The best an anthropologist may do to define the aspects of culture studied is to focus on the experiment itself. According to Geertz, culture he takes to be those webs in search of meaning, those experimental observation of self is not satisfactory to discover the meanings of culture as he should rely more on the interpretation of self’s act. Naturally, he inserts the importance of interpretation and meanings by underlying the insufficiency of observations. For the interpretation of meanings, he demonstrates the concepts of “experience-near” and “experience-distant” and “thick description”. At this point, an anthropologist should rely on his own ethnographic studies as self-experience rather than relying on emic-etic approaches. Thus, he demonstrates the “textuality” of culture, in other words, an anthropologist should read culture as if it were a text and finally claims that the ethnography is the text itself independent from the culture. Although he contributed a lot to the discussions for cultural views and initiated a new approach, and thanks to the scope and contributions of ethnography by crossing over the discussions of whether the subjectivity should be possible, he raises the question of insufficiency of objectivity and demonstrates the weaker sides which led an anthropologist to misinterpretation. In this study, I tried to figure out the textuality of ethnography out of Geertz’ symbolic hermeneutic anthropology, its relationship with the culture, boundaries and what it represents.   Özet Yaklaşımını simgesel yorumsamacı antropoloji üzerinden şekillendiren Geertz, kısaca anlamlar ağı olarak tanımladığı kültürü çalışmak için yalnızca anlama odaklanmanın yetersiz olduğunu ve anlamlar arasındaki ilişkiler aracılığıyla kültürü anlamamızın mümkün olabileceğini öne sürer. Çalışılan kültürün açıklanması ve anlaşılması üzere antropoloğun yapacağı en iyi şey ise, deneyimin kendisine odaklanmak olmalıdır. Geertz’a göre, kültürü anlamak için bireyin eylemlerini gözlemlemek yetersiz kalacağı için, bireyin eylemlerini nasıl yorumladığına odaklanılması gerekir. Geertz’in bakış açısı, gözlemin yetersizliğinin altını çizerek yorumu ve anlamı öne çıkarmaktadır. Anlamın yorumu için ise uzak deneyim, yakın deneyim ve yoğun betimleme kavramlarına başvurur. Bu noktada antropolog, geleneğinden gelen emik-etik yaklaşım gibi tutunum gösterdiği bakış açılarını bir kenara bırakarak etnografik çalışmasını bir kişisel deneyim olarak görmek durumundadır. Buradan hareketle, hem kültürün metinselliğini, yani bir metin olarak okunması gerektiğini, hem de etnografinin kültürden bağımsız bir şekilde metnin kendisi olduğunu savlar. Geertz’ın geliştirdiği bakış, kültürün tanımı üzerine yeni bir açılım ortaya koyduğu gibi, etnografinin olanakları ve hareket alanı üzerinden objektivitenin mümkün olup olmadığı meselesinin bir adım ötesine geçerek, evrensellik, temsiliyet, tümel-tikel ilişkisi üzerine yeni ve etkisi büyük bir tartışma alanı yaratır. Bu çalışmada, Geertz’in ortaya koyduğu simgesel yorumsamacı antropoloji üzerinden etnografinin metinselliği, kültürle ilişkisi, olanakları ve nelere karşılık geldiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.

The ethiopathogenesis of low back pain cannot always be demonstrated and sometimes clinicians cannot establish a relationship between clinical symptoms and radiological examinations. Clinicians tend to focus on vertebral body, intervertebral discs, and facet joints on imaging in low back pain. However, the paravertebral muscles that play an important role in lumbar spine stabilization should not be underestimated on imaging. The increase in the amount of fat deposited in the lumbar region and the reduction of muscle mass are macroscopic findings of muscle degeneration. In this case report, we present a patient with chronic low back pain who had been reported to have no pathological findings except 2 levels of bulging on previous imaging and who was then diagnosed as having complete fatty degeneration and atrophy of the paravertebral muscles after reevaluation of her imaging results.

Bu çalışma, öğrencilerin üniversite tercihlerinde belirleyici olan faktörleri ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan anket 2 bölüm ve 25 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Anketin ilk bölümünde öğrencilerin cinsiyet, yaş, mezun olduğu lise türü, aylık geliri gibi demografik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. İkinci bölümde; öğrencilerin iş bulma potansiyeli en yüksek ve en düşük olan bölümler hakkındaki görüşlerine ve öğrencilerin üniversite tercihinde etkili olan unsurlara yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın evreni İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi, Anadolu Bil Meslek Yüksekokulu ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, öğrencilerin üniversite tercihinde en etkin unsurun iş bulma garantisi olduğu bulunmuştur.

The affixes used during the verb processing in the Turkey Turkish dialects show important phonetic variations. These affixes, which are commonly used in all the Turkey Turkish dialects, differ from one region to another, even from one village to another in the same region, in having varying phonetic characteristics. Of these affixes, those which undergo change most frequently and function as a key to the determination of the ethnic structure of the region in question are the future tense and present continuous tense suffixes. In Bursa local dialects, the final phoneme /r/ of the present continuous tense suffix –(I)yor predominantly was omitted and the neighboring vowel was lengthened. However, we observe that the initial vowel of the future tense suffix –AcAk was omitted and the back vowel /a/ was changed to the front vowel /e/ in the second syllable. We come across some different uses in the person suffixes following these suffixes. In this article, it is aimed to put forth various uses of the affixes in question and other verb processing affixes used in the local dialects of Bursa. <br> <br> Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında fiil işletimi sırasında kullanılan ekler, önemli fonetik değişiklikler göstermektedir. Bütün Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarında ortak olarak kullanılan bu ekler, bölgeden bölgeye hatta aynı bölgede bulunan yakın köyler arasında farklı ses özellikleriyle kullanılmaktadır. Bu ekler arasında en çok değişikliğe uğrayan ve bölgenin etnik yapısını belirlemede anahtar konumunda olan ekler, gelecek zaman ve şimdiki zaman ekidir.Bursa yerli ağızlarında –(I)yor şimdiki zaman ekinin ağırlıklı olarak sonundaki r sesi düşürülmüş ve yanındaki ünlü uzatılmış biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Gelecek zaman eki –AcAk ise başındaki ünlü düşürülüp ikinci hecedeki ünlüsü inceltilmiş biçimde karşımıza çıkar. Bu eklerin kullandığı kişi eklerinde de bazı değişik kullanımlar göze çarpmaktadır.Bu makalede Bursa bölgesi yerli ağızlarında söz konusu eklerin ve diğer fiil işletme eklerinin durumu ortaya konulacaktır.

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler üretilen bilgi miktarını artırmakta ve çeşitli ortamlarda sunulan bilgiye erişebilmek giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Çok çeşitli ve çok yönlü bilgiye gereksinimleri olan görme engelli üniversite öğrencileri öğrenimleri süresince farklı formatlarda bilgiye erişim alanında problemler yaşamaktadırlar. Çalışma kapsamında görme engelli üniversite öğrencilerinin kullandıkları bilgikaynakları, kütüphaneler, üniversite kütüphanelerinden aldıkları hizmetler, üniversite kütüphanelerinin kullanımında yaşadıkları problemler ile web sitelerine ilişkin sorunları araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, görme engelli öğrencilere yönelik olarak üniversite kütüphaneleri tarafından sağlanan olanaklar, hizmetler, bu konuda yaşanan problemler ve kütüphanelerin ileriye yönelik planları da araştırılmıştır. Bulgular, ülkemizdeki üniversite kütüphanelerinin görme engelli öğrencilerin gereksinimlerini karşılayamadığını, üniversite kütüphanelerinin görme engellilere yönelik koleksiyon, hizmet ve olanaklar açısından yetersiz olduğunu, üniversite kütüphane web sayfaları tasarlanırken görme engellilerin erişilebilirliğinin göz önüne alınmadığını göstermektedir. / Developments in information and communication technologies increase the amount of information produced and the importance of access to information in various formats. Visually impaired university students who have various and multi-directional information needs have problems with accessing information in various formats during their education. In this study, information resources, libraries and library services used by visually impaired students, along with the problems they encounter when they useuniversity libraries and library web sites were investigated. Additionally, facilities and services provided by university libraries for the visually impaired students, problems libraries encounter while providing these facilities and services and their future plans were also investigated. The results indicate that information needs of visually impaired students are not satisfied by the university libraries. University libraries are insufficient in terms of developing collection, services and facilities for visually impaired and accessibility of visually impaired is not taken into account while university library web pages are designed.

Purpose of this study is to examine success motivation levels of sporters of football which is a team sports according to various variables. 142 sporters , whose 97 are professional and 45 of them are amateurs and who are competing in different leagues in 2013 - 2014 football season; constitute our study group. Data of the study was collected by means of “Personal Information Form” that is prepared by the re searcher and by utilizing “Success Motivation Specific to Sports” scale, of which its validity and reliability were tested by Tiryaki and Gödelek (1997). SPSS 17 Package Program was used for statistical evaluations. Independent groups t test and One Way Anova test were used for the analysis of data. Also Pearson Correlation Test was applied to determine the relations between the variables. According to the results obtained, it is determined that there were significant differences between the sub - dimensio ns of showing power and status of sporters whether or not they have played in the national team; and ages of the sporters and their approach towards success and avoiding failures (p<0.05). Also important differences were detected among the sub - dimensions of avoiding failures, approach towards success and showing strength in terms of their period of playing football; and in sub - dimensions of approaching to success and avoiding failures in terms of their monthly income status (p<0,05).

Objective: As the external auditory canal is a moisturearea, it facilitates the growth of bacteria and fungi. Infectionsand inflammation due to Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus spp. and Candidaalbicans can develop in this area. Classical Castellanisolution including boric acid, fenol, fucsin, resorcinol, acetone,and alcohol is used for external ear tract infectionsdue to fungi and bacteria, and also for the superficial dermatophytoses,and eczematous dermatitis of the externalear tract infections.The purpose of this study is to investigate of the in vitroeffectiveness of classical Castellani solution and its differentformulations with different dilutions against the standardyeast and bacteria strains.Methods: C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. krusei ATCC6258, C. dubliniensis CD 36, C. guilliermondii ATCC6260, C. parapsilosis ATCC22019, E. coli ATCC 25922,P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853, MRSA ATCC 43300, Staphylococcusaureus ATCC 25923, and S. epidermidis ATCC12228 strains were included in the study. Broth microdilutionmethod was used for each microorganism and Castellaniformulation. The tests are repeated at least twice.Results: The inhibitory concentration of classical Castellanisolution against bacteria and fungi is 1/64-1/256,1/32-1/64 for fuchsin free solution, 1/32-1/128 for boricacid-free solution and, 1/64-1/128 for resorcinol-free solution.Conclusions: As a conclusion we think that the classicalCastellani solution and its different formulations at variousdilutions may be effective antimicrobial agents for differentpatient populations. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3):302-305Key words: Castellani solution, antimicrobial activity, in vitro

Sorghum and millet are important food staples in semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Sorghum and millet are cereal grains that have prospective to be used as substitute to wheat flour for celiac patients. These are considered as the good source of many important and essential fatty acids. The volatile profiling of these two important crops is comparable to other cereals as well. The present study was an effort to explore biochemical composition of commercially available sorghum and millet varieties with special reference to their fatty acid and volatile profiling. Chemical composition of sorghum and millet was determined according to respective methods. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared and then subjected to GC-FID for fatty acids analysis. The results indicated that both sorghum and millet oils are rich in essential fatty acids comprising mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Main fatty acids that are identified in current study includes palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, behenic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, etc. On the other hand volatile compounds from sorghum and millet were determined by preparing their respective volatile samples by using calvenger apparatus with suitable volatile extracting solvent. Volatile samples were then subjected to GC-MS analysis and respected results were compared with NIST library. About 30 different volatiles were identified in millet varieties while 35 different compounds were discovered in sorghum varieties belonging to aldehydes, ketones, benzene derivatives, esters, alcohols, sulphur compounds.

Objective: Delirium is a state not to be neglected which can cause severe consequences that is related to critical illness in intensive care unit with acute cerebral dysfunction. Magnesium (Mg) plays an important role in many physiological events affecting the brain. In this study, we retrospectively investigated the incidence of delirium development and its relationship with the serum Mg levels. Material and Method: Patients who admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) were divided in to two groups according to their serum Mg levels (<0.7 hypomagnesaemia, >0.7 normomagnesemia). Delirium was assessed using Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. We identified the duration of mechanical ventilation, applied sedation, age, gender, sepsis, shock, malignancy, ICU requirement after operation, admission SOFA score, admission APACHE II score, admission of Mg and mean Mg levels as secondary outcome measures whether they affected delirium incidence. Results: A total of 178 patients were assessed, 72 of them were found delirium positive. The incidence of delirium was found 45% in patients with hypomagnesaemia; this was found 25% in patients with normomagnesaemia. Duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and mortality rate were found higher in patients with delirium than those in individuals without delirium. Conclusion: We retrospectively investigated delirium incidence in critically ill patients and the percentage was found remarkably high. Our findings were parallel with the other studies that, delirium has a negative impact on morbidity and mortality rates.

&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aim:&nbsp; In this study it was aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibilities and extended spectrum beta lactamase production of Escherichia coli strains isolated from various clinical samples sent to Tavsanli State Hospital Microbiology Laboratory retrospectively. Material and Method: All of the cultures were examined for the agent and antibiotic susceptibilities. For the identification of bacteria, various chemical tests and BBL Crystal E/ NF (Beckton Dickinson, ABD) system was used. Antibiotic susceptibilities were investigated according to CLSI criteria on Mueller Hinton agar by&nbsp; disc diffusion method. Double disc synergy method was used to investigate extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production. Results: 456 E. coli strains isolated from clinical samples were included in the study. E. coli strains were mostly isolated from urine according to clinical samples. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli strains were imipenem, amikacine and sulbactam/cefoperazone. The least susceptibility was against ampicillin. ESBL production rate was found to be %15 in E. coli. Discussion: ESBL producing E. coli which are the reason of expensive therapy and difficulties in treatment of infections should be monitored for ESBL production ratios by all of the centers, extended&nbsp; spectrum beta lactam antibiotics should bu used carefully in treatment, hospitalized patients should be isolated and surveillance should be done in the units under risk.

At the beginning of the 21st century, museums are influenced by the conditions that had been shaped in the previous century in the context of their accessibilty to public. One of these methods, which is the most common one,is using information in their work and services. This method, prevents museums from being just show and recreation centers, supporting their service in the developing society. In this article, a classification has been suggested formuseums defining, how information can be used in museums of our age to analyse their use of information.

Background and Design: Although alopecia areata is not yet clearly shown to be triggered by emotional stress, neuroendocrinologic studies supports that psychological stress may be effective in the disease process. In this study we aimed to show the role of stressful life events in onset and exacerbation of alopecia areata and the levels of anxiety, depression and quality of life by the comparison with the patients with androgenetic alopecia and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: Thirty-one consecutive patients with alopecia areata (13 females, 18 males, mean age 28.1±8.9) were included in this study. Forty-six patients with androgenetic alopecia (24 females, 22 males, mean age 28.2±7.4) and 45 healthy individuals (25 females, 20 males, mean age 25.4±4.4) was created as the two control groups. The patients and the control groups completed the tests including life events scale, Beck depression inventory, Beck anxiety inventory and Skindex-29 scales.Results: Total scores of the scale of life events in patients with alopecia areata were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p=0.031). There were also significant differences in the sub-units -distress and adaptation- scores of this scale (p=0.028; p=0.036). The scores of Beck depression inventory were significantly higher than control group (p=0.014), however they were identical to the patients’ with androgenetic alopecia. The scores of Beck anxiety inventory of all three groups showed no significant difference (p=0,207). The quality of life in patients with alopecia areata which is evaluated with Skindex-29 is severely impaired according to the scores of all three sub-units of this test -symptomatic, functional, and emotional- (p=0.001; p<0.0005; p<0.0005).Conclusion: Stressful life events seems effective at onset or exacerbation of the disease in patients with alopecia areata. There is an increase in depressive symptoms in patients with alopecia areata. Morever, the quality of life of the patients are profoundly affected.

A fistulous tract between the stomach and the spleen is a rare manifestation. Spontaneous gastrosplenic fistula formation resulting from primary gastric lymphoma is extremely rare and should be managed as an emergency. To date, four gastrosplenic fistulas originating from gastric lymphoma have been reported, of which three were spontaneous and one occurred following chemotherapy. We report a case of spontaneous gastrosplenic fistula in a 35 years-old-man with gastric malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who was diagnosed by computed tomography and endoscopically, followed by successful treatment with total gastrectomy and splenectomy.

Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) is under the control of a gene region, which is called Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Gene Region. This region consists of three main groups which are the MHC Class I (HLA-I, -B, -C, -E, -F, -G), MHC Class II (HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ, -DO, DN) and MHC Class III (C2, C4A, C4B, PF, TNF- a, b) antigens. Here is to give a brief overview of HLA and HAL typing.

Healthy attachment is a key concept in creating a positive environment for the development of the infant after birth. The earlier and the healthier the mother creates a communication and interaction with her baby, a stronger maternal-infant attachment will be developed. The time period immediately after birth is the most convenient time for the initiation of positive mother-infant relationship as it is the most intense period of attachment. The aim of this article was to define mother-infant attachment and to examine the evidence-based practices for midwives and nurses who play a role in the development of this attachment in the early postpartum period. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2013; 12(2.000): 177-182]

The Jewish gymnastic system – „Jüdische Turnbewegung“ - presents one of the smaller gymnastic movements that emerged in Central Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. At first it was backed by the Zionist political activity and arising self-consciousness of the Jewish population in the German speaking parts of Europe. However, with a club in İstanbul being the first only Jewish „turnverein“ ever, the movement had found its supporters also in the eastern regions of Europe and in the Middle East. Before the WWI the Jewish gymnastic club („Maccabi“) in İstanbul had become one of the leading units on the Turkish clubs´ scene involving more than 1000 members and practising many kinds of activities varying from gymnastic shows, lectures on Jewish themes and public parades and trips. This organization proved itself to be a very importent „bi-trigger“ in the unifying Jewish independent movement that won on importance even more after 1918.

The aim of this paper examine the intercultural sensitivity level of prospective primary teachers according to gender, grade level, type of education and settlement place. The participants of the research that was designed as screening model consist of 404 prospective primary teachers studying at Dicle University Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty Departmant of Elementary in 2012–2013 academic year. Teacher candidates’ levels of intercultural sensitivity were measured by &quot;Intercultural Sensitivity Scale&quot; developed by Chen and Starosta (2000) and then adapted in Turkish by Üstün (2011). The collected data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test from a non-parametric statistical method. Intercultural sensitivity levels of teacher candidates are shown a significant difference in terms of teaching type variable, while they didn’t differ significantly in terms of gender, grade level and settlement place.

URDU DİLİ'NİN MENŞEİ MESELESİ VE TARİHİ GELİŞİM SÜRECİ

Amaç. Genetik ve çevresel faktörler arasındaki ilişki sonucu ortaya çıkan kardiyovasküler hastalıkların gelişiminde inflamasyon anahtar rol oynamaktadır. İnterlökin-1α (IL-1α) nın proinflamasyon regülasyonunda önemli rolü vardır. Bu çalışmada IL-1α-889 C/T polimorfizmi ile ateroskleroz arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem. Bu çalışma popülasyonu 117 hasta (Grup I) ve 117 sağlıklı (Grup II) bireyden oluşmuştur. Grup I ve Grup II deki bireylerin genomik DNA’sı izole edildi. IL-1α genotipleri rastgele seçilen örneklerden direkt dizi analizi yapılarak doğrulandı. Bulgular. Grup I 78 erkek ve 39 kadın bireyden, Grup II ise 49 erkek ve 68 kadın bireyden oluşmaktadır. Grup I bireylerin yaş ortalaması 61,06; Grup II bireylerin yaş ortalaması ise 59,47’dir. Grup I’de 43 bireyde, Grup II’de ise 28 bireyde yüksek kolesterol (total kolesterol>200 mg/dL) bulundu. Grup I’de 62 bireyde, Grup II’de 51 bireyde sigara içiciliği bulundu. Grup I’de 81 bireyde yüksek tansiyon ( sistolik kan basıncı>140 mmHg ve/veya diyastolik kan basıncı >90 mmHg), 42 bireyde diyabet, Grup II’de 32 bireyde yüksek tansiyon, 41 bireyde diyabet bulundu. Aterosklerotik Grup I’de CC genotip taşıyan bireyler grubun %54,70’ini, CT genotip taşıyan bireyler %35,04’nü ve TT genotip taşıyan bireyler ise %10,25’ini oluşturmaktadır. Grup II’de ise bu oranlar CC genotip taşıyanlarda %59,82; CT genotip taşıyanlarda %30,76 ve TT genotip taşıyanlarda %9,40 olarak saptanmıştır. IL-1α polimorfizmi için C allel frekansı Grup II’de %75,21 ve Grup I’de %72,22’dir. T allel frekansı dağılımı Grup II’de %24,78 ve Grup I’de ise %27,77’dir. Sonuç. Koroner Arter hastalığı olan Grup I ile, kontrol grubu olan Grup II arasında yaş, cinsiyet dağılımı, hipertansiyon ve hiperkolesterolemi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Grup I ile Grup II arasında IL-1α-889 C/T gen polimorfizmi açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır.

Among the most effective methods in education and training, creative drama is suggested to have an important function. When studies on creative drama practices, which is effective both in permanent and functional learning, are examined it is seen that creative drama is more efficient than nearly all of the other methods and it is inevitable to use these practices especially in the development of perception. Human being follows what is going on around them form the moment they born and put them in their memory in various formats. In later processes, using creative drama as a method in this learning method occuring as part – whole relationship or completion processes brings lasting and functional results. In creative drama applications which are developed based on all kinds on data known and readly available, no matter how much individual differences, the results allows these differences to form a union. The effects of perceptions previously acquired on a subject and new perceptions based on these perceptions and learnings as a result of these, creates a permanent and effective learning environment.

<p>„Konflikte werden uns erst bewusst, wenn wir uns leisten können, sie zu bewältigen. Unsere Lage als Frau sehen wir differenzierter, seitdem wir die Gelegenheit gehabt haben, sie zu verändern. Wir befinden uns alle auf unerforschtem Gebiet und sind noch weitgehend uns selbst überlassen. Wir suchen nach neuen Lebensweisen, im Privaten und in der Gesellschaft. Nicht gegen die Männer können wir uns emanzipieren, sondern nur in der Auseinandersetzung mit ihnen. Geht es uns doch um die Loslösung von den alten Geschlechterrollen, um die menschliche Emanzipation überhaupt.</p> <p>Selbstentfremdung, Selbstfindung, Selbstverwirklichung, Kritik an der patriarchalischen Autorität, Unterdrückung, Angst, Ablehnung und Bewältigung der Wirklichkeit, Emanzipation, Rebellion und Identitätssuche…Das sind Fragen, die eine Reihe von deutschen und ägyptischen Schriftstellerinnen seit der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts beschäftigten.</p> <p>Die Arbeit untersucht die Problematik  "Dualität von politischer Befreiung und persönlicher Emanzipation" in der deutschen und ägyptischen gegenwärtigen Frauenliteratur am Beispiel der Romane  <em>Heute wäre ich mir lieber nicht begegnet</em> (1997) von Herta Müller und <em>Farag</em> (2008) von Radwa ‘Aschur  und versucht, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zu benennen.</p> <p>Seit den 1980er Jahren schreibt die rumäniendeutsche Schriftstellerin und Nobelpreisträgerin Herta Müller (geb. 1953) (3) Erzählungen und Romane, in denen Entfremdung, Unterdrückung, Selbstfindung, Angst und Melancholie eine eigene Sprache fanden. Da sie in Rumänien als deutschsprachige Banater Schwäbin aufwuchs, wurde ihre Dichtung deutlich von den Erfahrungen der Minderheit in einer multikulturellen Gesellschaft inspiriert. Vor allem lässt sich die Heimatlosigkeit und die Grunderfahrung der Fremdheit in ihren Texten spüren. Ihr Werk ist von ihrer eigenen Erfahrung in der Zeit der Diktatur "Nicolae Ceauşescu"(1918-1989) beeinflusst. In ihrer Stockholmer Nobelpreis-Vorlesung sagte sie, sie wolle mit ihren Texten ausdrücken, wie Diktaturen Menschen ihrer Würde beraubten.</p> <p>Herta Müller schreibt über die kommunistische Diktatur "Ceauşescus" in Rumänien, über die Verbrechen des Regimes, die Verhaftungen, die rätselhaften Todesfällen von Regimegegnern, Deportierungen von Systemkritikern und den rumänischen Geheimdienst "Securitate". Sie gehört zu jenen Schriftstellerinnn, deren Texte von dem handeln, was sie erlebt haben. Ihre Werke sollen „als persönliches, aber auch als historisches Gedächtnis wirken, als Eingedenken der politischen Unterdrückung durch das Ceauşescu-Regime.</p>

Muğla Sağlık Y&uuml;ksekokulu &Ouml;ğrencilerinin Sosyo-Demografik &Ouml;zelliklerinin &Ouml;z-Bakım G&uuml;&ccedil;lerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

The manner of librarian, determines organizational behavior of library. We can define as all of human behavior of organizational behavior, the expressions of individual while working inside of institution, perception, worth, the capacity of learning and base of organizational of human behavior. User focused organizational library, must heal of service quality everyday. The heal of service quality is possible in case of good organizational behavior. At this work, we try to work under organizational behavior, organizational culture, organizational culture and library, organizational behavior of libraries, alternation and progress of organizational behavior of libraries. Kütüphanede çalışanların davranışları, kütüphanenin örgütsel davranışını belirler. Örgütsel davranışı; bireyin kurum içinde çalışırken g��sterdiği davranışları, algıları, değerleri, öğrenme kapasitesini ve örgütsel bazdaki insan davranışının tümü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kullanıcı odaklı örgüt olan kütüphane, kullanıcı memnuniyeti için hizmet kalitesini her gün iyileştirmek zorundadır. Bu çalışmamızda konuyu; örgütsel davranış, örgütsel kültür, örgütsel davranış ve kütüphane, kütüphanelerin örgütsel davranışı, kütüphanenin örgütsel davranışının değişim ve gelişim analiz modeli başlıkları altında incelemeye çalıştık

Summary: Hematuria is one of the common urological problem. The main causes of hematuria are malignancies, urinary tract infection and urinary tract stone disease. But sometimes use of anticoagulants, bleeding diathesis and intravesical chemotherapy can cause the hematuria. In our study, we aimed to present a patient with hematuria and has bleeding diathesis but detected any additional urological pathology.

The aim of this research is to determine and the personal integration levels of Turkish students who are between 13 and 16 age, doing sports and who not doing sports living in Germany. This research includes 440 students studying in schools determined by Republic of Turkey, Embassy of Munich, Office of Education Attache who inhabit in Munich and its surroundings and who are between 13 and 16 age, doing sports and not doing sports. In this research, “Personal Information Form” and “ Hacettepe Personality Inventory” were used as data gathering tool. As a result of research, if averages of Hacettepe Personality Inventory (HPI) subscale point are analyzed in terms of sex,age and type of school, it is apparent that points of students who doing sports are higher than the points of students who not doing sport; in other words students who doing sports are more adaptable than the students who not doing sports.

R&amp;D, innovation and information-based activities has become more important in recent years for regional development and elimination of regional development differences. Countries have also recognized that innovation is the most important factor of economic growth and begun to allocate more resource to R&amp;D investments. In this study, for years of 2010, 2011 and 2012 the innovation performance of 12 regions sited at first level of Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics (NUTS) in Turkey, have been evaluated by taking basic R&amp;D and innovation indicators into consideration. In this context regression analysis, DEMATEL-Based Analytic Network Process (DANP) and TOPSIS methods have been applied. The criteria have been weighted by using the regression coefficients obtained through regression analysis in DEMATEL method and subsequently performance ranking of regions has been performed by TOPSIS method.

Pediatric dentists often encounter with traumatic injuries.Explosive material injuries are seen very rare than othertypes. Tissue damage in the explosion is because of blastinjury, penetrating injury and thermal burn injury. In ourstudy we described pediatric case exposed to blast effect.After multiple finger injury treatment performed, left centralmaxillary incisor fracture was treated with compositeresin restoration. At sixth month control visit, adequatesoft tissue support was provided and no color discoloration,fracture or abscess formation was seen. As a resultof this case report, the blast injury that rarely seen in pediatricpatients in dentistry can be repair properly with appropriaterestoration techniques. J Clin Exp Invest 2012;3(2): 280-283

In the research, it was aimed to evaluate organizational cynicism and organizational loyalty of Turkish Police Department. In the research 153 subjects, all of whom work in the police departments, has been attempted to be analyzed through 5-point Likert scale. The data gathered has been statistically analyzed and the results have been explained. According to results, it was found that organizational cynicism and organizational loyalty were changed based on demographic properties of participants. Results showed that different demographic properties have different organizational loyalty degree.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the effectsof infarct localization in patients with ST ElevatedMyocardial Infarction (STEMI) on the right ventricular(RV) functions by using advanced echocardiographicmethods.Materials and methods: A total of 89 patients withSTEMI were included into the study and patients weredivided to three groups as anterior, isolated-inferior andinferior+RV MI groups. In addition to standard echocardiographicmesurements, RV tissue doppler, RV EjectionFraction (RVEF), Myocardial performance index (MPI)and TAPSE measurements of all patients were performedbetween 24-72 hours after the event.Results: Compared to groups, RV functions in inferior MIwith RV involvement group were deteriorated. Tricuspidannular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) value for theinferior MI with RV involvement (19±1mm) group werelower than those for Inferior MI group without RV involvement(23±1mm) and anterior MI (23±1mm) (p<0.05). TheRV MPI value for inferior MI group with RV involvement(0.76±0.14) were found to be higher than those for anterior(0.64±0.1) and inferior MI (0.56±0.1) group withoutRV involvement (p<0.05). Peak Sm (r = -0.35, p =0.01), TAPSE (r = -0.47, p<0.001) and RV EF (r = -0.46,p<0.001) showed a negative correlation with RV MPI value.Furthermore, RV tricuspid E/A rate (r = -0.19, p = 0.7)and RV free wall tissue doppler Em/Am rate (r = -0.26, p =0.01) displayed a negative correlation with RV MPI value.Conclusions: Use of advanced methods addition to theconventional echocardiographic methods in STEMI patients,could produce more valuable information to evaluateRV functions and provide a positive impact on treatmentstrategies.Key words: Acute myocardial infarction, right ventricle,echocardiography, TAPSE, MPI

This study aims to determine the relationship between the schools’ level of openness to change and the teachers’ level of organizational commitment and their relationship with the other variables. The scope of the research covers teachers who worked in the centre of the Adiyaman province, between 2011 and 2012. The research’s sample is constituted by 600 teachers, by using via simple random sampling method. “Personal Information Form”, “The Scale of Schools’ Openness to Change” and “The Scale of Organizational Commitment for Teachers” were used in order to collect data. In analysing data, the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests and Spearman’s analysis of correlation were employed. The analysis of the data indicates that there is medium level positive correlation between the schools’ level of openness to change and the teachers’ level of organizational commitment. The findings show that both levels demonstrate significant differences in accordance with the variables such as the school type and the number of students and teachers.

One of the methods used by companies, which want to forest all the arrivals, is use effective advertisements aiming to bring out the properties of the product. Advertisement on consumers’ behaviors is one of the effective methods in creating demand for the product. It is a tool used in order to be distinguished in all respects of competition becoming widespread day by day. This study discusses advertisement ethics especially the ads on TV. Advertisement, by its nature, may have a have a misleading hidden character and cause unfair competition. The approach developed by consumers against such kinds of advertisements has been studied via data obtained by survey method. Consumers’ opinions on advertisement ethics were taken via Likert scale. The methods used for evaluating these surveys are Kolmogorov Smirnov test and One-Sample t-test.

Bu çalışmada kaynak yapımı sonucunda yapıda kalan artık gerilmeler, sonlu eleınanlar nıetodunun kullanımı ile hesaplan mıstır. İlk aşamada ıs1 dağılımınin zamana göre değişimi bulunmuş ve bu ısı dfğılınu sonucu oluşan gerilmeler elastik ve plastik formülasyona göre hesaplanmıştir.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate written expression of students learning Turkish as a foreign language at B2 (intermediate) level according to error analysis approach. The data of the study have been obtained by essay writing of forty two students. These students have been learning Turkish at B level in Gaziantep University TÖMER. The data collected have been classified as grammar errors, syntactical errors, spelling-punctuation errors and lexical errors. The errors determined have been evaluated as an error analysis approach. The evaluation of errors has been limited by intralingual and developmental errors. As a result of evaluation, total error number has been determined as 1282. Errors made are 31% grammatical error, 9,9 % syntactical error, 44,46 % spelling-punctuation error and 14,4 % lexical error. According to the results obtained, the solutions have been proposed concerning writing skill errors of foreign students.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Language education for adults has traditionally proceeded from the assumption that the student is linguistically and communicatively aware, and furthermore, knows how to learn a language. Language teaching methodology and materials therefore concentrate upon the subject matter without even a passing glance at language, language learning, culture or communication awareness, and include no information about or suggestions for learning. This became apparent in the analysis of data collected in classroom-based research undertaken with adults studying English as a foreign language at the university level in Mexico. The &lsquo;medium&rsquo; for the research was an introductory course written specifically for the learners, and was designed with a general-to-specific (or top-down) process which began with awareness training and included suggestions throughout for learning-to-learn strategies. Results from the research as to the adult learners&rsquo; perceptions of these aspects of the course are discussed in this article, and clearly indicate that such teaching practice helps to fulfill genuine and pressing adult learner needs.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>

Aim: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) also known as nodular hyperplasia, benign enlargement of the prostate refers to the increase in size of the prostate in middle aged and elderly men. Although four different types of specific alpha blocker have been used in the treatment of BPH it remains controversial that which alpha adrenergic blocker is effective than others. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of 4 different alpha blockers agents on the treatment of BPH. Material and Methods: Between June 2005 and December 2008 a total of 135 consecutive patients with diagnosed of BPH were evaluated in our clinic. Patients were randomized into four groups according to alpha blocker types as fallows: group I, doxazosin 4 mg; group II, tamsulosin 0.4 mg; group III, terazosin 5 mg; and group IV, alfuzosin 10 mg. All patients were followed up with International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), maximal urinary flow rates (Qmax) and adverse effects were determined at baseline and again at least 3 months as efficacy parameters. Results: The mean age of the patients were 59.8&amp;plusmn;5.4 years, 58.9&amp;plusmn;6.4 years, 58.7&amp;plusmn;5.1 years, and 59.2&amp;plusmn;5.5 years in group I, group II, group III, and group IV, respectively (p&amp;gt;0.05). After 3 months treatment with alpha blockers the improvements in IPSS were found as 2.73, 3.73, 3.55 and 4.44 in group I, group II, group III, and group IV, respectively. Maximum urine flow rates increased as 2.81 ml/sec, 3.24 ml/sec, 3.88 ml/sec and 4.49 ml/sec in group I, group II, group III, and group IV, respectively. However, among 4 alpha blockers statistically significant difference was found only between doxazosin and alfuzosin groups according to uroflowmetry and IPSS results. According to these results, when compared adverse effect, the significant difference was observed only in tamsulosine group. Conclusions: As a result we can say that except retrograde ejaculation in tamsulosine group, adverse effects are not different between the groups. In addition, according to IPSS and uroflowmetry results the only significant difference was found between alfuzosin and doxazosin groups.

Introduction: Chronic systemic diseases in childhood have negatively affecting the quality of life and debilitating effects for both children and parents. In our study, we investigated depression, anxiety and hopelessness situations at parents of children with these diseases. Materials and methods: The study was done at parents of children diagnosed with malignancy or chronic disease in GATA Department of Pediatrics Heath and Disease, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Clinics. Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale were applied to the participants. Results: Parents of children, who are followed due to malignancy or chronic disease in department of pediatrics heath and disease, pediatric hematology and oncology clinics, constituted the study group. 60 mothers and 51 fathers as study group and 64 mothers and 45 fathers as control group were enrolled in the study between 1st July 2009 and 1st June 2010. The mean age of the parents in study group was 35,7&#177;5,1 and 33,3 5,6 age in control group. The depression score was significantly higher statistically in study group (p=0,035). No difference was fond for the anxiety and hopelessness scores between the groups (p=0,064 and p=0,695 respectively). There was no difference for depression, hopelessness and anxiety scores between mothers and fathers of the children (p=0,217, p=0,447, p=0,102, respectively). Conclusion: Without gender discrimination the parents of children with malignancy and chronic disease are in the risk group for depression. It is necessary to support the parents both socially and psychologically. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(5.000): 577-582]

Rafael de Nogales Méndez, a citizen of Venezuela, served as asoldier of fortune in the World War I. Being a mysterious figure of hislifetime period, Nogales spent almost fifty years of his lifespan outside ofhomeland by going around the world away because of opposition to thedictatorial regimes. Nogales, passionate for military service andadventure, waged war in Cuba in 1898; he worked for dictator PorfirioDiaz as a mounted guard in the Mexican-American border; after a while,he had become a Mexican revolutionist by joining up the rebelliousforces against Diaz; a secret agent in the Far East, an assassin teammember in Guatemala; a rebel for years and a government officialduring the last period of his lifetime in his homeland. Nogales hadexpressed that his motto was; "When you see a good war, join up to it towaged war!" He was considering himself as "a soldier of fortune and thecitizen of the world". He was a military enthusiast, fighter, traveler,adventurer and also a writer. If I may say so, he was the Don Quixote ofthe 20th century.In this study, based on the memoirs quoted in the books ofNogales, his life history has been examined and the narratives of theauthor related the historical events in that period have been researchedcomparatively with the original sources. To this end, various officialsources, records and memoirs have been reviewed and made archivalresearch. On the other hand, earning new information and documentsto the literature in this field are among the objectives of the study. <br> Venezuela vatandaşı Rafael de Nogales Méndez, I. Dünya Savaşı'nda Osmanlı Ordusu'nda gönüllü subay olarak görev yapmıştır. Yaşadığı dönemin gizemli figürlerinden biri olan Nogales, altmış yıllık ömrünün elli yılını muhalif olduğu dikta rejimleri nedeniyle ülkesinden uzakta, dünyayı dolaşarak geçirmiştir. Askerlik ve macera tutkunu Venezuelalı, 1898 yılında Küba'da savaşmış, Meksika-Amerika sınırında diktatör Porfirio Diaz'ın emrinde görevli bir atlı sınır muhafızıyken, yıllar sonra Diaz karşıtı isyancı kuvvetlere katılan bir devrimci, Uzakdoğu'da gizli ajan, Guatemala’da suikast timi üyesi, ülkesinde yıllarca bir asi, yaşamının son döneminde ise bir devlet görevlisi olmuştur. Şiarının "iyi bir savaş görürsen, savaşmak için ona gönüllü yazıl,"1 olduğunu belirten Nogales, bir asker, savaşçı, gezgin, maceraperest ve yazardı. Kendisini "bir dünya vatandaşı ve bir gezgin şövalye"2 olarak tanımlıyordu. Tabiri caizse, o, 20. yüzyılın Don Kişot'u idi.Bu çalışmada, Nogales'in anılarını aktardığı kitaplarında yer alan bilgilerden hareketle yaşam öyküsü irdelenirken, yazarın dönemin tarihi olaylarına dair anlatıları özgün kaynaklarla mukayeseli olarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla çok sayıda resmi kaynak ve hatırat gözden geçirilmiş, arşiv araştırması yapılmıştır. Öte yandan bu alanda literatüre yeni bilgi ve belge kazandırmak, çalışmanın amaçları arasında yer almaktadır.

In this research, it has been proposed to find out the personal evaluations of the managers and owners of SMEs operating in Mersin, related to the meaning of institutionalisation and the barriers in front of institutionalisation. Personal evaluations were investigated through content analysis. According to the managers/owners in question, institutionalisation mean a systematic and a regular structure and operation. It has been determined that obstacles pertaining to institutionalisation have been seen as financial, managerial and epistemological factors. Even that they have knowledge and interest in institutionalisation at a certain level, but not sufficient, may be claimed to influence negatively institutionalisation intention.

Mitochondria are unique organells which their own DNA in cells. Human mitochondrial DNA is circular, double-stranded molecule and small. Because all mitochondria are contributed by the ovum during the formation of the zygote, the mitochondrial genom is transmitted by maternal inheritance. Multisystem disorders such as deafness, cardiomyopathy, miyopathy can be seen in mitochondrial diseases. [Archives Medical Review Journal 2003; 12(0.100): 14-31]

Bu yayında; lazer ışını kullanarak imalat konularında literatürde mevcut yayınların geniş bir değerlendirilmesi yapılarak lazerle malzeme kesim alanındaki olası gelişmeler tartışılmıştır. Literatürde mevcut yayınlar aşağıda sunulacağı üzere beş ana başlık altında toplanmışlardır: Deneysel çalışmalar, derleme çalışmaları, kesme parametrelerinin optimizasyonu çalışmaları, lazerle kesmeye yönelik teorik modelleme çalışmaları ve lazerle kesme ile ilgili diğer akademik çalışmalar.

Gluteal compartment syndrome is a rare reason of rhabdomyolysis resulting from atraumatic origin, and leading to renal failure. Beside to other atraumatic causes like drug abuse, alcohol intoxication, and antihyperlipidemic medications prolonged operation duration in a fixed position is an important cause of this syndrome. Male sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity are risk factors for gluteal compartment syndrome associated kidney failure. We report a 56 year old obese patient with a medical history of diabetes mellitus, and hypertension who undergo a nephrectomy operation resulting with gluteal compartment syndrome, and chronic kidney disease. We also highlight the importance of preventive cares and early recognition of gluteal compartment syndrome to avoid further morbidity.

11th Century was very impressive in terms of cultural developments along with the momentum-gaining developments in the military and politics in Turkish history. Being contemporary of “Divânü Lügâti’t Türk” (the compendium of the turkic dialects), the masterpiece named “Kutadgu Bilig” has been complemented in this era in Kashgar (1069-1070). Yusuf Has Hacip has penned this written work which has been written initially after the adoption of Islam by the Turks, in 6645 couplets in Karakhanid Turkish, the only known written language by the time. In the work described an ideal state that is how it should be. Kutatgu Bilig is one of the most valuable resources illuminating issues of jurisdiction and legislation of Turkish culture. Therefore, over thousands of studies which are recognized by the world of science has been conducted since 1825. Kutatgu Bilig was always found worth studying in terms of its language as well as being studied in philosophical, political, religious aspects. In every period of the Turkish literature, numerous repetitions were utilized in order to ensuring harmony, consolidating the meanings, strengthening, enriching the concepts and also facilitating to remain in memory. Many studies have been made relating these formations which are purported by the terms “atf-ı tefsir?” in Ottoman, “hendiadyoin, reduplication dual” in English, “Verdoppelung, Zwilligsformen, hendiadyoin” in German, “redoublement, hendiadyoin” in French, on historical texts as well as on idioms and proverbs. In ancient Göktürk texts we frequently come across hendiadyses like “altun kümüş” (gold, silver), “arkış tirkiş” (caravan convoy), “at kü” (name, fame), “kurt ko?uz” (bugs and insects) and “yabız yablak” (wretched and miserable). Also in Uighur Turkish texts we see examples like “akuru akuru” (slowly, quietly), “asan tükel” (safe and sound) “birin birin” (one by one). In today’s Turkish idioms, innumerable hendiadyses keep on using like “aşağı yukarı (roughly), borç harç (by borrowing and difficultly), köşe bucak (nook and cranny), paldır küldür (headlong)”. Respectable amount of hendiadyses are found also in this work which is one of the two masterpieces of Karakhanid Turkish. Unlike the Divânü Lügâti’t Türk, nature imitating hendiadyses are not encountered. The hendiadyses are formed through the stereotypes and treated as a unitary word which cannot be divided and locations of the words cannot be altered. Alongside the hendiadyses highly successfully used in the work, by multiplexing and expanding the words occurred in them, tripartite, quadripartite word groups or even groups having five parts have been produced. Building by augmenting the hendiadyses, these structures are not as consistent as the hendiadyses themselves. Peculiar to this work, this can be seen as a self-trial. Because as in hendiadyses, in tripartite and quadripartite word groups, no nature-imitating words were used and it is preferred to arrange the synonyms or words in close meanings or equivalent in apprehension, according to an acoustic concordance ranking. This arrangement is not as robust as in the hendiadyses. Because it is not impossible to come across an altered placement of words in the multipartite word groups in various couplets. Kerime Üstünova has identified 445 tripartite word groups in modern Turkish and 45 in Dede Korkut Epic. And we have identified 43 tripartite word groups used with nouns and 16 with verbs. It is evident that, usage of the hendiadyses and multipartite word groups is a phenomenon showing a course of development in both historical dialects and literary works. These multiple repetitions in words which are usually built up with words akin to nouns show in lean, derived or suffixed forms. Concrete, abstract nouns, politics, military, kinship names, nature and color names and metals are the fields which the noun-akin repetitions are used. The repetitions with opposite meanings in the hendiadyses cannot be observed in multipartite word groups. This is also impossible logically. Multipartite word groups composed by synonyms can also be built up with verbs, albeit they are rare. Besides the usage of structures with the grammatical moods, there also usages with adjective-verb structures, with prepositions and conjunctions exist. It is not considered strange the word groups having five parts to subsume the whole couplet and to make complete sentences. 11.yy., Türk tarihi açısından askeri ve siyasal gelişmelerin ivme kazandığı bir dönem olduğu kadar kültürel gelişmelerle de göz doldurmaktadır. Divânü Lügâti’t Türk'le çağdaş olan Kutadgu Bilig adlı başyapıt bu dönemde, Kaşgar’da tamamlanmıştır. (1069-1070) Yusuf Has Hacip, İslamiyet’in Türkler tarafından kabulünden sonra kaleme alınan bu ilk yazılı eseri, 11.yy.ın bildiğimiz tek yazı dili olan Karahanlı Türkçesi ile 6645 beyit olarak yazmıştır. Eserde ideal bir devletin nasıl olması gerektiği betimlenir. Kutadgu Bilig, Türk kültürünün yargı ve yasa konularını aydınlatan en değerli kaynaklardan biridir. Bu yüzden bilim dünyasının tanıdığı 1825'den beri, üzerinde binlerce çalışma yapılmıştır. Kutadgu Bilig, felsefi, siyasi, dini açılardan incelendiği gibi dili açısından da her daim incelenmeye değer bulunan bir eser olmuştur. Türk Edebiyatının her döneminde hem ahenk sağlamak, anlamı pekiştirmek, güçlendirmek ve kavramı zenginleştirmek amacıyla hem de hafızada kalmasını kolaylaştırmak amacıyla çeşitli tekrarlardan yararlanılmıştır. Osmanlıcada “atf-ı tefsir?”, İngilizcede “hendiadyoin, reduplication dual”, Almancada “Verdoppelung, Zwilligsformen, hendiadyoin”, Fransızcada “redoublement, hendiadyoin” terimleriyle karşılanan bu oluşumla ilgili ülkemizde hem tarihi metinler üzerinde hem de deyimler ve atasözleri üzerinde birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Göktürk metinlerinde “altun kümüş” (altın gümüş), “arkış tirkiş” (kervan kafile), “at kü” (ad ün), “kurt ko?uz” (börtü böcek), “yabız yablak” ( sefil ve perişan) vb. bir çok ikilemeye rastlamaktayız. Uygur Türkçesi metinlerinde de “akuru akuru” (yavaşça, sessizce), “asan tükel” (sağ ve selamet) “birin birin” (birer birer) gibi örnekler bulunmaktadır. Bu gün de deyimlerde “aşağı yukarı, borç harç, köşe bucak, paldır küldür” gibi sayısız ikileme kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Karahanlı Türkçesinin iki başyapıtından biri olan bu eserde de hatırı sayılır ölçüde ikilemeye rastlanmaktadır. Divânü Lügâti’t Türk'ten farklı olarak, tabiat taklidi ikilemelere rastlanmaz. Kalıplaşma yoluyla oluşan ve tek bir sözcük gibi işlem gören ikilemeler bölünemez ve sözcüklerin yeri değiştirilemez. Eserde son derece başarılı olarak kullanılan ikilemeler yanında ikilemelerde geçen sözcüklerin genişletilmeleri yoluyla üçlemeler, dörtlemeler hatta beşlemelerle de yapılmıştır. İkilemelerden artırılarak elde edilen bu yapılar ikilemeler kadar kalıcı değildir. Bu eserde geçerli olmak üzere, bir tür yazarın kendisini denemesi gibi de görülebilir. Çünkü üçleme ve dörtlemelerde de ikilemelerde olduğu gibi tabiat taklidi kelimeler kullanılmamış eş veya yakın anlamlı kelimelerin veya anlam dairesi içinde eş değerliliği olan kelimelerin belirli bir akustik tercih sırasıyla bir araya getirilmesi tercih edilmiştir. Bu sıralama da ikilemelerde olduğu kadar sağlam değildir. Çünkü üçlemelerdeki sıralamanın değiştirilerek değişik beyitlerde karşımıza çıkması da söz konusudur. Kerime Üstünova bu günkü Türkiye Türkçesinde 445 üçleme, ayrıca Dede Korkut Destanlarında da 45 üçleme belirlemiştir. Biz de isimlerle kullanılan 43 ve fiillerle kullanılan 16 üçleme tespit ettik. Anlaşılan o ki, ikilemeler ve artanlarının kullanımı hem tarihi lehçelerde hem de tarihi edebi eserlerde kullanılan ve gelişim seyri gösteren bir olgudur. Daha çok isim soylu kelimelerle yapılan bu çoklu tekrarlar, yalın, türemiş, hal ekleri almış formlarla karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Somut, soyut isimler, siyaset, askerlik, akrabalık adları, tabiat ve renk adları, madenler isim soylu tekrarların kullanıldığı alanlardır. İkilemelerde görülen zıt anlamlı tekrarlar üçleme ve dörtlemelerde görülemez. Buna mantıken de imkân yoktur. Eş anlamlı tekrarlarından oluşan üçlemeler ve dörtlemeler daha az sayıda olmak kaydıyla fillerle de yapılmıştır. Fiillerle oluşturulan yapıların istek ve tasarlama kipleri ile kullanımları yanında sıfat fiil kuruluşundaki yapılar, edatlı ve bağlaçlı kullanımlar da bulunmaktadır. Beşlemelerin genellikle beytin tamamını kapsamaları ve cümle kuruluşunda oluşları yadırganmaz.

Autosomal recessive osteoporosis (ARO) is a severe disease causing death usually at infancy or childhood. RANKL coded by TNFSF11 gene and RANK coded by TNFRSF11A gene are important proteins for osteoclast maturation and it is indicated that mutation on these genes plays an important role for ARO development. It is reported in this article that c.508 A→G homozygote mutation (pArg170Gly) is observed in TNFRSF11A gene of 2 children of consanguineous couple. Mutation analysis performed on CVS material during the next pregnancy revealed heterozygous mutation in the fetus. The pregnancy was continued to term and a healthy boy was delivered. Prenatal mutation analysis is important for diseases with known mutations to relieve parental anxiety and provide genetic counselling for the family.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose:&lt;/strong&gt; In the present work we aimed to investigate how Bruxism caused masseter muscle pains when patients chewed hard substances such as hazelnut and how this pain affected their&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;maximum clenching functions by using electromyografic (EMG) techniques.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Material and Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Two groups of individuals, with and without Bruxism, were investigated. All the individuals were allowed to use their right side of jaw . Pain in masseter muscles of the Bruxism patients was measured according to visual analog scala (VAS). The groups were instructed to perform two types of functions, chewing a hazelnut, 3 gr, and clenching for 15 s. While these exercises performed, activities occured in the right masseter muscles were determined by superior electromyography (EMG).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Our results indicated that both right and left masseter muscles of patients with Bruksizm showed much lessened clenching and hazelnut chewing activities than those of the control groups. The difference in the muscular activity was found to be statistically significant.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/strong&gt; Further work however appears to be necessary to substantiate that the pain per se impairs the chewing functions of Bruxism patients.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;ÖZET&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Amaç: Bruksizmli olguların masseter kaslarındaki ağrının, fındık  iğneme ve maksimal sıkma fonksiyonlarında kas aktivitelerini nasıl etkilediğini elektromyografik (EMG) teknikle araştırmayı amaçladık.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materyal ve Yöntem:&lt;/strong&gt; Araştırmamıza bruksizmli ve normal bireyler dahil edildi. Denek gruplarımızın hepsinin çiğneme sırasında aynı tarafı (sağ) kullanmasına dikkat edildi. Bruksizimli olguların sağ masseter kaslarındaki ağrı VAS (visual analog skala) ile belirlendi. Daha sonra bireylere yapacağı fonksiyonlar (3 gr fındık çiğneme ve 15 sn maksimal sıkma) anlatıldı. Bu fonksiyonlar esnasında bireylerin sağ masseter kaslarında oluşan aktiviteler yüzeyel elektromyografi (EMG) ile belirlendi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bulgular:&lt;/strong&gt; Sonuç olarak bruksizmli olgularda gerek fındık çiğneme gerekse de maksimal sıkma fonksiyonlarında sağ ve sol masseter kaslarında normal bireylere göre daha düşük aktivite tespit edildi ve bu fark istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bulundu.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sonuç:&lt;/strong&gt; Çalışmamızda bruksizmli olgularda, gerek çiğneme gerekse de gönüllü maksimal sıkma fonksiyonlarında, masseter kaslarında normal bireylere göre daha az aktivite gözlememizi, bu bireylerde mevcut kassal ağrının motor nöronların ateşlenme oranlarında ve hızlarında azalmaya neden olmasına bağlayabiliriz. Bruksizmli bireylerde ağrı olgusunun çiğneme kaslarının aktivitelerinde meydana getirdiği değişiklikleri daha iyi anlamamız için daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerektiğini ifade edebiliriz.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anahtar Kelimeler:&lt;/strong&gt; Bruksizm, masseter kası, elektromyografi&lt;/p&gt;

<p>As a historian said, reality is exactly the same thing for a historian as what it means<br />for an artist. Just as there is a not a unique scenery, there is not a unique history as<br />well. History is viewed by every individual under a different light. The Administrative Reforms<br />period, when Mustapha Rashid Pasha lived as one of the most important figures,<br />is such a period that shows differences according to the point of view. While this<br />period is regarded by some historians as the starting point of Ottomans Empire"˜s collision,<br />it is also regarded as a process that prolonged the life of Ottomans Empire by<br />modernizing the intellectuals and opening the way to the republic with the Liberalist<br />ideas and a western way of thinking. Just like the Administrative Reforms, Mustapha<br />Rashid Pasha can also be seen differently according to the point of view. In this study,<br />he is going to be discussed in a range of issues differing from being a hero to being a<br />traitor under the light of Ottoman documents of this period and his role in the solution<br />of Egypt Issue and the declaration of the Administrative Reforms.</p>

First of all, identity is the source of meaning revealing the basic points related with the existence of human. İndividual defines and positions himself through ıdentity. In other words, identity is related with internalized insights that about what is meaningful for the person.Since the day of existence human has been in need of giving meaning tohis existence and positioning himself in the universe where he lives.Effort of human that giving meaning to himself and unirverse is one ofthe main features that separates him from other creatures. This effortwill continue as long as existence of human continued. In accordancewith this need, human had several attempts in the historical process.One of human’s effort that giving meaning to the existence is religion.Religion responded for these efforts of people especially in premodernperiod. But the presence of religion has been a matter of debate withmodernity and it was foreseen to be vanished in time. Althoughrelatively weakened, the impact of religion on society continued and asa reference of meaning and direction in today’s world; religion is stillexisting. Thus for today, religion has taken its place as an importantfactor for the formation of identity. Religion also has offered analternative identity in everyday life of individuals by allowing thatpositioning of themselves in different. <br> Kimlik her şeyden önce insanın varlığıyla ilgili dayanak noktalarını açığa çıkaran anlam kaynağıdır. Birey kendini kimlik aracılığıyla tanımlar ve konumlandırır. Diğer bir ifadeyle kimlik, kişi için neyin anlamlı olduğuna dair içselleştirdiği anlayışlarla ilişkilidir. İnsan varolduğu günden buyana kendi varlığı ve içinde dünyaya geldiği evreni anlamlandırma ve kendisini konumlandırma gereksinimi duymuştur. İnsanın varlığı ve evreni anlamlandırma çabası onu diğer canlılardan ayıran temel özelliklerden biridir. İnsan varlığını sürdürdüğü sürece onun bu çabası da devam edecektir. Tarihi süreç içerisinde insan bu ihtiyaç doğrultusunda çeşitli girişimlerde bulunmuştur. İnsanın varlığı anlamlandırma çabalarından biri de kuşkusuz din olmuştur. İnsan din aracılığıyla evreni tutarlı bir varlık olarak algılama gayretine girmiştir. Din, bireyin tutarlı bir anlam dünyası inşa etmesine zemin teşkil etmiştir. Böylelikle din varlık dünyasıyla bağları koparılan insanın kimlik bunalımına düşmesini engellemiştir. Din, insanın kendisini ve evreni anlamlandırma çabalarına özellikle modernlik öncesi cevap sunmuştur. Fakat modernlik ile birlikte dinin varlığı tartışma konusu olmuş, hatta dinin zamanla yok olacağı öngörülmüştür. Ancak her ne kadar dinin toplum üzerinde etkisi nispeten zayıflasa da devam etmiş, din hâlâ günümüz dünyasında insanların anlam ve istikamet referansı olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür. Böylelikle bugün için din kimliğin teşekkülünde önemli bir faktör olarak yerini almıştır. Ayrıca din, bireylerin gündelik yaşamda kendilerini farklı konumlandırmalarına imkân tanıyarak alternatif bir kimlik sunmuştur.

Breast milk is a major source for acquired cytomegalovirus infection especially in premature infants and acquired CMV infection occurs in infants whose mothers were seropositive for CMV. Although most of mothers of premature infants are seropositive in Turkey, acquired life-threatening breast milk acquired CMV infection was reported occasionally. Treatment of preterm with symptomatic breast milk acquired CMV infection should be done according to the severity of clinical signs. In this report, a preterm case with a diagnosis of breast milk-acquired CMV meningitis and sepsis without multiorgan failure on the 111th day of life, who did not require antiviral therapy was presented and discussed in the context of the acquired CMV literature. In preterm babies, when there is sepsis with no apparent causes, unexplained thrombocytopenia, elevated liver transaminases and direct hyperbilirubinemia acquired CMV infection should be suspected. (Jo­ur­nal of Cur­rent Pe­di­at­rics 2013; 11: 138-41)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpersonal problem solving approaches and locus of control levels on a basis of different variables, to determine whether or not there was a significant relationship between interpersonal problem solving approaches and locus of control, and to reveal whether or not locus of control and gender significantly predicted the interpersonal problem solving approaches. A total of 262 candidate teachers studying at university level constituted the study group of the research. Interpersonal Problem Solving Inventory and Locus of Control Scale were used while collecting research data. In the analysis, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients technique, independent samples t-test technique and Simultaneous Multiple Regression Analysis test technique were applied. As a result of the research, it was found that there was a significant relationship between foreign language teacher candidates’ interpersonal problem solving approaches and locus of control, and that the variable of gender differentiated at the lack of self-confidence sub-dimension of interpersonal problem solving approaches. Furthermore, it was revealed that locus of control predicted the approaching problems in a negative way. Constructive problem solving, lack of self-confidence, and insistent-persevering approach dimensions of the interpersonal problem solving approaches, and the variable of gender, in addition to locus of control, only had an explanatory effect on the lack of self-confidence dimension.

Abstract The research was carried out with the permission of General Directorate of Monuments and Museums, Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkish Republic, between 20 July to 3 August 2009 at Bulanık town of Muş Province and dependent villages. Some monumental works consisting three churches, an inn, a cupola, four open tombs, a tomb, a bridge and three houses, also cultural assets composed of eighteen cemeteries in Bulanık town were identified. Memorial monuments and tombstones vary in terms of materials, forms and style according to region and periods. Architectural monuments and gravestones in close Settlements; Günbatmaz, Mollakent and Esenlik villages which seem to have cultural interactions are similar to each other and the ones in Ahlat which is not far from the region.The oldest cultural assets belong to Islamic period were found in this region. A small number of identified works belong to Seljuk period and afterwards (XI-XV. Century), and most of the others usually belong to the Ottoman (XVI-XIX centuries) period. The searched cemeteries were found to be different from each other. It is important to demonstrate the richness of the geography of Muş. Some of the motifs over the Headstones indicate differences, especially compared to other provinces in the region. Historical graves in the cemetery are rapidly destroyed by natural and human factors actually. In addition, all new burials in cemeteries today increase the destruction. Özet T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Kültür Varlıkları ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü’nün izinleri ile 20 Temmuz- 03 Ağustos 2009 tarihleri arasında Muş ilinin Bulanık ilçesinde ve köylerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada; üç kilise, bir han, bir kümbet, dört açık türbe, bir türbe, bir köprü ve üç evden oluşan anıtsal eserler; Bulanık ilçesinin köylerinde on sekiz mezarlıktan oluşan kültür varlıkları tespit edilerek incelenmiştir. Anıt eserler ve mezar taşları bölgeye ve dönemlerine göre malzeme, form ve üslup açısından farklılıklar göstermektedir. Birbirine yakın yerleşim yerleri olan ve kültürel acısan etkilendikleri anlaşılan Günbatmaz, Mollakent ve Esenlik köylerindeki mimari eserler ve mezar taşları birbirlerinin ve bölgeye uzak olmayan Ahlat’taki eserlerin yakın benzerleridir. İslam dönemine ait en eski kültür varlıkları da bu bölgeden çıkarılmıştır. Tespit edilen eserler az sayıda Selçuklu ve sonrası (XI-XV. Yüzyıl) ve genellikle Osmanlı (XVI-XIX Yüzyıl) dönemlerine aittir. İncelenen mezarlıkların hepsi birbirlerinden farklı özellikler sergilemektedir. Bu durum Muş coğrafyasının zenginliğini ortaya koyması açısından önemlidir. Mezar taşları üzerindeki bazı motifler özellikle bölgedeki diğer illere oranla farklılıklar sergilemektedir. Mezarlıklardaki tarihi mezarlar doğal ve insani etkenlerle günden güne hızla tahrip olmaktadır. Ayrıca bütün mezarlıklarda günümüzde de yeni gömülerin devam etmesi tahribi artırmaktadır. Enquête du terrain de la ville de Muş dans la période médiévale et postmédiévale – 2009 Bulanık Résumé Cette étude a été réalisée du 20 juillet jusqu’en 03 aoûte 2009 – avec l’autorisation du Ministère de la culture et du tourisme de la République turque et de la Direction générale des monuments culturels et des musées – dans le district de Bulanik de la ville de Muş et dans ses villages. Dans ce travail, on a identifié les patrimoines culturels comme les monuments commémoratifs: trois églises, une auberge, une coupole, quatre mausolées ouverts, un mausolée, un pont, trois maisons et les dix-huit cimetières dans les villages du district de Bulanik. Les monuments commémoratifs et les pierres tombales varient en terme de matériaux, de formes et de styles selon la région et l’époque. Les monuments architecturaux et les pierres tombales des villages de Günbatmaz, Mollakent et Esenlik – qui sont des endroits géographiquement et culturellement voisins – sont proches des œuvres d’Ahlat, une région limitrophe. Les patrimoines culturels les plus anciens de l’époque de l’Islam ont été trouvés dans cette région. Les œuvres identifiées appartiennent en général à l’époque Ottomane (XVI-XIXème siècles) et il existe aussi un petit nombre d’œuvres qui appartient à l’époque Seldjoukide et aux époques postérieures (XI-XVème siècles). Les cimetières étudiés présentent des caractères différents les uns des autres. Cette situation montre clairement la richesse de la région de Muş. Certains des motifs sur les pierres tombales présentent particulièrement des différences par rapport aux autres villes de la région. Les tombes historiques se trouvant dans des cimetières se dégradent jour après jour à cause de facteurs naturels ou humains. En outre, les nouvelles inhumations dans tous ces cimetières continuent à favoriser la détérioration.

In this study, ‘feminine perception’ which exists in the Turkish folk music lyrics was discussed in terms of its mystical and mythological roots. In this study, it was strived that a feminine meaning had been attributed to the earth; the way of the metaphorization of the words ‘earth mother’, ‘Moon’, ‘Sun’, ‘Venus’ parading in Turkish language and folk songs is a proof for this.Because the earth creates and feeds, it is called as ‘mother’; because it covers all the dirt and reveals the beauty although it is stepped on, it is dwelled on that it is the symbol of modesty and awe. Additionally, a living creature whose soul leaves from body, integrating with earth is perceived as the first attempt for mental migration (reincarnation) so it has been showed in the study that earth is seen as a bridge in the condition for mystical creator-created identity. . Lastly, it is detected that feminine perception related to ‘moon’, ‘sun’ and ‘Venus’ are included in the Turkish folk music lyrics with the reason that they were carried from the ancient matriarchal in Anatolian civilizations till today.

<p align="justify">It is necessary and inevitable that tourism develops in places where historical and natural beauties exist. However, because it is important to maintain not only the natural landscape but also the vernacular culture while utilizing their benefits, one should adopt a selective and plan-oriented attitude towards tourism. Therefore, expertise is required to design tourism buildings and attractions that are compatible with the natural ecosystem. Ecotourism is a concept describing tourism that is developed on the basis of ecological criteria. In this study, the ecotourism opportunities in the Koprulu Canyon Sanctuary in Antalya were examined. We have defined a proposal based on the existing vernacular architecture.</p>

<p>Çalışmanın amacı, somut ve somut olmayan kültürel mirasın korunması ve yaşatılması kapsamında Türk Hamamı’nın tarihi, mimari, işlevsel ve geleneksel boyutlarının, betimsel tarama modeli yardımı ile değerlendirilmesidir. Bu değerlendirme kapsamında, geçmişte çok uzun yıllar boyunca hamam olarak kullanılan ancak kısa bir süre kesintiye uğrasa da halen işlevini sürdüren “Çemberlitaş Hamamı” örnek olarak incelenmiştir. Mimar Sinan’ın son dönem eserlerinden olan ve hamam mimarisinin en iyi örneklerinden biri olarak nitelendirilen Çemberlitaş Hamamı günümüzde, toplumsal ve kültürel mirasın izinin sürülebileceği önemli mekânlar arasında görülmektedir. Çalışma, literatür taramasına dayanmasının yanı sıra, kişisel gözlem ve sözlü görüşmeler ile zenginleştirilmiş ve görsel materyaller ile de desteklenmiştir. Türk hamam kültürü ve geleneği ile ilgili çalışmaların sürdürülmesi ile Çemberlitaş Hamamı gibi köklü bir tarihsel geçmişi olan ve varlığını sürdürmeye devam eden hamamların özel olarak korunmasının, Türk hamam kültürünün gelecek nesillere aktarılabilmesi açısından büyük bir önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. </p>

Pulmonary aplasia is a rare congenital anomaly in which there are absence of pulmonary vessels, bronchus and parenchyma. It is distinguished from pulmonary agenesis by the presence of rudimentary stump bronchus. Patients are usually diagnosed in childhood. Patients without additional anomaly and the patients with mild disease can be diagnosed in adulthood. The left lung was not observed at the chest X-ray of 19-year-old male patient with respiratory distress in exercise. Left lung aplasia was diagnosed by computed tomography and ventilation perfusion scintigraphy. The patients with lung aplasia have an increased risk of infections. Therefore the follow-up of the patients is important.

BS is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by telangiectasias, photosensitivity, growth deficiency of prenatal onset, immunodeficiency, increased susceptibility to malignancies and diabetes mellitus. There is an increased risk of developing neoplasia at early ages. Chromosomal fractures and an increase in sister chromatid exchanges are observed in BS that presents prominent genetic instability. A sixteen year old boy applied to our clinic with complaint of erythema on his face having existed since infancy. In physical examination of the patient in whom growth retardancy has been determined, a narrow, long face, prognatism, an erythematous telangiectatic blanchable patch involving malar areas, nose, forehead, and temples have been established. The patient whose sister chromatid exchange number was determined as 107/cell in cytogenetic analyse, was cited as BS together with his phenotypic findings. The patient has been taken into follow-up in terms of cancer risk and the family was genetically informed. (Turkderm 2008; 42: 94-6)

Aim: The study was performed to assess the prevalence of Chiari%u2019s Network (CN) in a pediatric outpatient department population by using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and to determine its association with other cardiac anomalies. Material and Method: 2232 children who underwent cardiac examination and TTE at the pediatric cardiology outpatient department of our institution between April 2013 and April 2014 were included in the study. Routine M-mode, 2-D, and Doppler studies were applied. All co-existent lesions were recorded. Results: Of 2232 children, CN was detected in 76 patients (3.41%) and found most frequently during the first month. Atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale (ASD/PFO) was the most common congenital defect seen with CN (55.3%). Ten children (13.2%) had peripheral pulmonary stenosis (PPS) and seven (9.21%) showed atrial septal aneurism (ASA) associated with CN. Of patients with CN, a total of 11 patients (14.5%), 10 of them 1-8 days old and 1 of them 17 days old, demonstrated right ventricular dysfunction. Three (3.9%) patients 1-12 days old demonstrated biventricular diastolic dysfunction. Twenty-nine of the studied patients (11%) demonstrated right ventricular diastolic dysfunction (90% 1-30 days old). Of the total 2232 patients, 267 individuals (8.4%) showed ASA whereas there were only7 cases (9.6%) of CN patients. Discussion: CN is an uncommon and incidental finding that should be recognized appropriately. This may not be always a normal variant. Proper documentation of CN is critical regarding possible future complications.

In this study, the perspectives of the traditional public administration and new public management in relation to administrative discretion have been comparatively examined. In this context, the definition, importance and dimensions of discretionary power are clarified, the meaning and characteristics of discretionary power in relation to the traditional and the new approaches in public administration have been studied carefully using documentary observation method.

Objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer deaths after lung cancer in developed countries. The prognostic factors currently identified for prostate carcinoma include preoperative serum PSA, TNM staging system, histological grade and surgical margin status and are composed of the clinically most important and useful parameters. However, all the markers studied have not been applied in clinical practice. The oncofetal protein Insulin-Like Growth Factor II has been demonstrated to be associated with aggressive tumor behavior in many organs including urothelial tumors and renal cell carcinoma. Our aim was to investigate the expression status of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II in benign prostate glands, high grade PIN and prostate adenocarcinoma, and to determine the role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II in pathogenesis of prostate adenocarcinoma.Material and Method: A total of 70 prostate adenocarcinoma cases accompanied by high grade PIN and benign prostate glands were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II.Results: Insulin-Like Growth Factor II expression was not seen in any of the 70 prostate adenocarcinoma and high grade PIN cases and benign prostate glands.Conclusion: Although the number of our cases was limited, our results suggested that Insulin-Like Growth Factor II protein expression was not included in the pathogenesis of the prostate adenocarcinomas and Insulin-Like Growth Factor II expression status cannot be used for diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinomas.

Introduction: Group B streptococci cause sepsis and other infections in newborns very early in life (early-onset sepsis) and also later (late-onset sepsis) in the newborn period.Case Report: A case of multifocal group B streptococcal infection with sepsis, meningitis, ventriculitis, osteomyelitis and abscesses in a newborn infant was reported. Ventriculitis is often thought of as a secondary complication of acute group B streptococcal meningitis.Conclusion: Multifocal group B streptococcal infection is rare and group B streptococcal ventriculitis should be suspected in cases that are refractory to treatment or in patients who later develop hydrocephalus. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2011; 9: 141-4)

Objective: In this retrospective study, we included 5257 healthy participants who admitted to Yozgat Government Hospital Blood Bank and Bozok University Blood Bank for several reasons to determine A, B, 0, AB blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) positivity ratios between January 2007 and April 2013. Methods: We recorded their blood group types, age and gender from the hospital data. 2430 females, 2827 males totally 5257 participants were included to our study. Results: 2330 (44.3%) persons were A blood group, 837 (15.9%) were B group, 1665 (31.7%) were 0 and 425 (%8.1) were AB group. Rh positivity ratio of our study group was 88%. Blood group frequency of Yozgat city is similar to other cities and the general population of our country, Turkey. Conclusion: Knowing the blood group is important for the blood recruitment in our region. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 169-172

Human toxocariasis is an parasitic infection caused by the ingestion of larvae of dog nematode Toxocara canis and less frequently of cat nematode T.cati. Toxocara eggs, shed to environment by infected dogs' and cats' droppings, become infective by embryonation. Humans, particularly children, can be infected by accidentally ingesting embryonated Toxocara eggs. Larvae hatch in the small intestine, penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate to other parts of body via the bloodstream. It is generally a benign, asymptomatic, and self-limiting disease, although migrating larvae can cause damage to tissues and organs, especially brain involvement can cause severe morbidity. The two main clinical presentations of toxocariasis are visceral larva migrans (VLM) (a systemic disease caused by larval migration through major organs) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) (a disease limited to the eyes and optic nerves). There are also two less-severe syndromes which have recently been described, one mainly in children (covert toxocariasis) and the other mainly in adults (common toxocariasis). Diagnosis is usually made by clinical signs/symptoms, epidemiological background of the patient and the use of immunological methods (ELISA or western-blot). On the other hand definitive diagnosis is much more challenging, since it requires the demonstration of larvae via biopsy or autopsy. Most cases of toxocariasis clear up without any treatment. VLM is primarily treated with antihelmintic drugs, such as; albendazole or mebendazole. Treatment of OLM is more difficult and usually consists of measures to prevent progressive damage to the eye like steroids. Laser photocoagulation and cryoretinopexy may also be used to treat severe cases. Since eradicating T.canis infection is difficult due to the complexity of its life cycle, prevention of toxocariasis is always preferred. Toxocara eggs have a strong protective layer which makes the eggs able to survive in the environment for months or even years under the right conditions. In this review, current information about human toxocariasis, a continuing and important problem suspected to cause rheumatologic, dermatologic and respiratory system diseases, is presented.

In this study, the general information was given about learning and learning strategies And also, How the learning strategies are going to be placed in social studies text books in primary schools was explained by the examples. That is; the events during the period of First World War and opening the first session of Grand NationalAssembly of Turkey include with the headlines in present social studies text books but there aren’t any learning strategies to teach the correct order of the events. On the other hand, in a book which includes learning strategies, after the lesson to attract the attention of the students, the first letter of the sentence, “Manisa’da Ata’ma; Amasya’da, Erzurum’da ve Sivas’ta ne yaptığını sordular”, can be written capital, bold or in different color. This sentence refers that “M-Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması, A-Atatürk’ün Samsun’a çıkışı, A-Amasya Genelgesi, EErzurum Kongresi, S-Sivas Kongresi”The aim of the study is to find out the effectiveness of the text books which were prepared taking care of learning strategies and to emphasize the importance of these strategies.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of EuroSCORE I as a risk stratification system at operated patients in our clinic.Patients and Methods: In this study totally 520 patients who underwent open heart surgery between September 2006 and May 2008. 356 were men, 164 were women, mean age was 65.03 ± 13.08 years. EuroSCORE I system was used as a risk stratification system. If the patients have taken 2 point or less it was evaluated as low risk, 3-5 points wereevaluated as medium, 6 points or higher was evaluated as high risk. The calculated values for these three different group and happened mortality ratios was compared with estimated mortality ratios.Results: In the low risk group there was 267 patients and estimated mortality was 1.38 ± 0.04%, happened mortality was 1.49 ± 0.32%.In the medium risk group there was 185 patients and estimated mortality was 3.24 ± 0.83%, happened mortality was 3.78 ± 0.23%. In the high risk group 68 patients the estimated mortality was 7.96 ± 2.34%, happened mortalitiy was 8.82 ± 2.12%.Conclusion: EuroSCORE I as a risk stratification system is an objective and secure system that was used for risk determination of cardiac surgery.

Objective: Gallbladder is one of the most commonly encountered specimen in a pathology laboratory. A diverse spectrum of diseases affect the biliary system, often presenting with similar clinical signs and symptoms. We aimed to define the profile of gallbladder diseases in our region, and to determine potential correlations between histopathologic features we observed.Material and Method: We reviewed all cholecystectomies processed in Department of Pathology of Afyon Kocatepe University Hospital between January 2000 and March 2008. Gross and histopathologic features of the specimens were reevaluated.Results: Among 1500 patients; 69.9% were women and 30.1% were men. We found out fourteen primary gallbladder carcinomas (0.93%) with adenocarcinomas being the most frequent type (78.57%). The rate of cholelithiasis was found as 89.9%. The most common type of gallstones was mixed cholesterol type gallstones with 67.5% followed by black pigment and brown pigment types as 23.83% and 5.89%, respectively. The association of metaplasia with dysplasia and also gallstones were statistically significant (p<0.001, p<0.005). The rate of the gallbladder polyps was 2.6% with the cholesterol polyps being the most common type (56.4%).Conclusion: Gallbladder diseases often present with similar clinical signs and symptoms and a surgical pathologist should be alert especially of precancerous lesions. With our results, we also conclude that elderly women with longstanding gallstone disease should undergo elective surgery even when no symptoms are present.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is characterized by plaques with shiny white desquamation on the skin. It affects 1 to 3% of different ethnic populations. The disease significantly lowers the quality of life for the patients as the lesions appear on visible regions such as the scalp, face and extremities causing pruritus and extensive use of topical agents with a poor rate of recovery and the disease has a recurrent course with frequent attacks. Psoriasis was previously assumed to be a cutaneous disease resulting from epidermal cell hyperproliferation for a long time. However, studies conducted on the etiopathogenesis of the disease revealed that psoriasis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease which is caused by immune system dysregulation. Recently, the frequent association of psoriasis with other autoinflammatory diseases, comorbidities and complications which indeed shorten life expectancy concluded that psoriasis is a systemic disease and created a major difference in its treatment and follow-up modalities. In this review, the comorbidities, which are shown to be related to systemic inflammation and which also share a common pathogenesis with psoriasis, will be discussed.

Clear cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands is rare. A 55-year-old male patient with recently growing left parotid mass underwent superficial parotidectomy. Although the dominant component of the tumor was composed of clear cells, mucin containing cells were also present. Histochemically, alcian blue stain supported intracellular mucin positivity. Immunohistochemically, p63 was positive. Based on the morphological, histochemical and immunohistochemical findings, the case was diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, clear cell variant.

Aim: Osteoporosis is an important complication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study is to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and assess the relationship among bone mineral density, bone metabolism and the clinical data in patients with COPD. Patients and Method: 25 male COPD patients (mean age: 66±7.23 years) and 29 healthy male controls (mean age: 63.68±8.04 years) were enrolled into the study. COPD and control groups were assessed for hip (femoral neck and Ward’s triangle) and lumbar BMD, biochemical (blood calcium, blood phosphate, 24-hour urine calcium, creatinin clearance, osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline) and hormonal [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), free testosterone (sT), and parathyroid hormone (PTH)] markers. Results: No significant difference was found in BMD and T scores of hip and lumbar areas between COPD and control groups (p>0.05). When compared to the control group, COPD patients had significantly lower free testosterone (p=0.008) and significantly higher osteocalcin (p=0.0016) and PTH (p=0.00) values. Pulmonary function test and duration of disease were not correlate with lumbar and hip BMD in COPD group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Although BMD did not differ in any groups, some hormonal and biochemical markers were different in patients with COPD. Because osteoporosis is considered as an important complication to cause fractures, it is important to identify the risk groups for osteoporosis and take preventive and therapeutical measures. (From the World of Osteoporosis 2007;13:70-4)

The aim of this study was to compare football referees’agression types according to their classification levels.In the research, agression inventory was implemented and its reliability was tested by Kiper(1984). The arithmetic mean and standard deviations of the data were calculated variance analysis was used to identify whether there were any differences or not between groups; Tukey test was used for determining groups that show a difference and level of importance was taken as (0,05)According to the findings upper classifying referees’ enterprise points were increased significant degree in terms of upper classifying assistant referees and upper classifying assistant referees’ destructive agression points were increased significant degree in terms of ranking referees.As a result, when the referees’grades increase, enterprise levels’ increase and when stress and constraint is intensive, agression impulse gets into motion and in this situation ranking referees’are determined much more effect.

This research was carried out in order to determine the opinions of individuals using fitness centers in Sports Sciences and Technology Research and Applicat ion Center of Pamukkale University about utility and availability of fitness centers. A universal scanning method was used in this research and a questionnaire form was applied to 174 individuals. The questionnaire form constituted of 38 questions aimed to determine personal information and expectations. The questionnaire developed by Aylin Duran (2013) was used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 statistical software program and Mann - Whitney - U test. As a result of this research, it was concluded that the individuals satisfied the expectations of fitness centers (f=86.3), they relied on information levels of trainers (f=54.2), they like doing sports (f=96.8) and they felt relax while doing sports (f =91.0). Moreover, it was also concluded in the research that directors of gymnasiums and trainers of fitness centers were effective on increasing the utility of fitness centers and directing individuals towards sports and sports activities. The scale form ed will provide correct and practical information that will be used by directors of gymnasium.

Abstract: Organizing pneumonia (OP) can mimic several parenchymal lung diseases. A 39 year old man tailor, complaining of fever, cough and dyspnea was admittedto our hospital. Examination of the chest revealed rales at the bilateral lower-middle zone. The posteroanterior chest radiograph showed alveolar opacity at the right lower zone. The patient was hospitalized with the probable diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia, and started cephtriaxon 2gr/day and dirithromycin 500 mg/day empirically. Clinical and radiological improvement didn&rsquo;t appear. PPD and acid fast bacilli in sputum were negative. Two weeks later, the chest radiograph showed that the opacities were migrated to the right middle zone. Open lung biopsy was done. As pathologic findings were consistent with OP, corticosteroid treatment was given. The alveolar opacities disappeared at the control HRCT two months after the start of steroid therapy. Early diagnosis is life-saver and OP must be included in the differential diagnosis when pulmonary infiltrates don&rsquo;t regress with treatment.&nbsp;

Higher education institutions which must adopt themselves to the rapid changes in the world should measure their performance and connect it to a system in the process of continuous development and improvement. Balanced Scorecard which offers an opportunity to the institutions to evaluate their performance from so many different aspects comes to the fore in performance measurement systems and is widely used. In this study, a Balanced Scorecard which can be used in higher education institutions has been proposed. This study, designed as a case study, has been carried out at the Çanakkale Vocational School of Social Sciences. The data obtained from the primary and secondary sources has been analyzed via the descriptive analysis. First, the current situation of the college has been discussed, then performance dimensions, objectives and measures of the Balanced Scorecard have been identified considering the mission, the vision and SWOT analysis results of the college and the applicability of the Balanced Scorecard have been evaluated. As a result, it is concluded that Balanced Scorecard can be formed in all units of the universities and applied effectively in academic and administrative units.

In 1860s, a new education system was underdiscussion in Russia. This education system aimed toeducate the Turkish societies within the borders ofRussia, it would be in effect until the end of 20thcentury, and its effects would be maintained after thattime. This system having many objectives such aschanging the alphabet, developing new educationalcurriculums, opening new schools, publishing newcourse books started with the activities of missionariesand with the support of some members of the societies,these objectives were tried to be fulfilled. This neweducation system resulting in opening of new schools,particularly opening schools for Kazak children for thefirst time, weakening the influence of Tatar mullahs onKazak society, and adaptation of modern living style had,on the other hand, some negative impacts such as spreadof Christianity and Christian culture, imposition ofChristian values on people and making people feel moreaffiliated to Russian values and all these undermined thenational values of these people. A famous missionaryand Turcologist, Đlminsky directed Kazak people towardsthese objectives. In order to avoid reactions from Kazakpeople, Đlminsky planned to conduct his activitiesthrough revered and respected people of the society andselected Altınsarin for this purpose. As a result,Altınsarin approved this new education system and putforth efforts to get it disseminated among his people; yet,he always objected to Đlminsky when it comes tomissionary activities and did some innovative works toprotect the national culture.

Malassezia species are found in part of the normal human cutaneous commensal flora, however it has been known for many years that the Malassezia yeasts are associated with a number of different human diseases ranging from pityriasis versicolor to seborrhoeic dermatitis. In addition, since the 1980s, they have been reported as causing opportunistic systemic infections. The taxonomy of Malassezia spp. has recently been modified to include 13 obligatorily lipophilic species, plus one non-obligatorily lipophilic species, which only rarely colonizes human hosts and currently the genus consist 14 species as M. furfur, M. pachydermatis, M. sympodialis, M. globosa, M. obtusa, M. slooffiae, M. restricta, M. dermatis, M. japonica, M. nana, M. yamatoensis, M. caprae, M. equina, M. cuniculi. Fastidious growth requirements of Malassezia yeasts defied the initial attempts to culture these organisms and their true identification and the relationship between different species only became apparent with the application of modern molecular techniques. The causative fungus is seen especially in such seborrheic areas as the scalp, face, trunk and upper back. Under the influence of various exogenous or endogenous predisposing factors, these yeasts change from the blastospore form to the mycelial form and become pathogenic. Diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor which is caused by Malassezia species is generally easy and lies on the basis of its clinical appearance and can be confirmed by mycological examination. The diagnosisis is mainly based on direct examination with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and demonstration that represents pseudohyphae and blastoconidia as the typical %u201Cspaghetti and meatballs%u201D pattern. Characteristic features of the genus Malassezia include a distinctive morphology and an affinity for lipids in culture. Culture is necessary to recover the infecting strain, especially for epidemiologic purposes and also to test its antifungal susceptibility. For culturing these lipophilic and lipid dependent yeasts modified Dixon (mDixon) agar and Leeming and Notman agar are mostly used. Each species is described morphologically, including features of the colonies and microscopic characteristics of the yeast cells, either with or without filaments; physiologically, including the growth at 37 and 40°C, three enzymatic activities, namely catalase, beta-glucosidase and urease, and growth with 5 individual lipid supplements (Tween 20, 40, 60 and 80, and Cremophor EL). This review contributes the basic knowlege of Malassezia species and summarizes identifying methods of the 14 species that are presently included in the genus.

Objective: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical symptoms and the MEFV mutation ratios of the 186 patients diagnosed as Familial Mediterranean Fever. Methods: Age, sex, admission symptoms, family history, and the MEFV mutation test cases of the 186 patients followed as Familial Mediterranean Fever were evaluated retrospectively. MEFV gene was analyzed with DNA sequence analysis after amplifying the exons 1.-10. using PCR method. Results: There were 84 male and 102 female in the study, and the mean age was 9.45 ± 4.40 years. 26.9% of the patients had close relationship between the parents, and 25.8% had a family history of AAA. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (92.5%), fever (89.2%), and arthralgia (24.2%) respectively. The most common mutations were R202Q (33.3%), M694V (22.6%), E148Q (22%), V726A (7.5%), R761H (4.3%), M680I (3.8%), and the others (6.5%) respectively. 21.5% homozygous, 67.7% heterozygous, and 10.8% compound heterozygous mutations of AAA were detected. Conclusion: FMF is a common disease in our country and has difficulties in the differential diagnosis. In recent years molecular genetically methods are considered more commonly for the diagnosis. The results of this study showed that our AAA patients have a wide range of mutations, and supported the heterogeneity of MEFV gene mutations in AAA.

By the help of innovative teaching practices, practitioners of education try to effectively amalgamate innovative media technologies into students` learning processes and activities. The best practices can be found in the cases where traditional ways of teaching and new media available are blended by transforming pedagogy and enabling productive ways for students to express themselves. In this respect, English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Teaching is no exception and, over the last few years, digital storytelling has entered into the agenda of language teaching practitioners as a powerful teaching and learning tool that enables both teachers and students to communicate in a digitally rich environment. Throughout the paper it is argued that digital storytelling has the potential of reaching far beyond the field of communication and that digital storytelling can be exploited as a versatile device to enable students to dwell on their creativity by making them involved in a digitally rich environment. The present paper also reports the findings of a qualitative study designed to explore how students weave fictional stories into a media enriched environment, and how the use of a particular software sparks the creative writing among EFL students. The findings through archival documents and semi-structured interviews revealed that the use of digital storytelling is very likely to improve the EFL students’ writing skills.

In this paper, a comparative study regarding the determination of stress intensity factors (SIF) for non-standard thin composite plates is presented. Carbon-Epoxy composite plates are considered for the study. Unnotched specimens and specimens containing either 4, 6, or 8 mm dia. holes are prepared and then tested. Based on the experimental data thus obtained, two analytical approaches and a finite element fracture analysis tool called FRANC have been used to compare the critical SIF values for this composite material.

Summary Aim: Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Spinal osteopenia is common in AS, probably due to immobility and local cytokine release. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between bone mineral density and disease activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis patients with osteopenia. Material and Methods: Sixty one AS patients (26F, 35M) were enrolled in this study. The disease duration, morning stiffness, Schober tests, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C Reactive Protein (CRP) were analyzed and recorded. Disease activity was evaluated by Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by using GE/LUNAR DPX PRO equipment. Results: The mean age and disease duration of the patients were 38.67±10.81 and 7.87±7.09 year. There was osteopenia in 34 (%55.7) patients. Spine and femur BMD values of this patients were 1.03±0.16 and 0.88±0.09. BMD measurements of 27 (%44.3) patient were found normally. Spine and femur BMD values of this patients were 1.20±0.11 and 1.11±0.15. There was not statistically significant difference between osteopenia and normal group in ESR, CRP, and BASDAI values (p>0.05). There was not correlation between BMD values and ESR, CRP, and BASDAI values in osteopenia group (p>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we did not find relationship between bone mineral density and disease activity in AS patients with osteopenia. (Turkish Journal of Osteoporosis 2013;19: 28-31)

M.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Hakemli Dergisi "ÖNERİ" Cilt 11, Sayı 43(21) İçindekiler

Objectives: To investigate the effect of contrast enhanced ultrasonography in examination of liver metastasesMaterials and methods: Totally 13 metastatic liver lesions were examined in 13 cases. These lesions were examined by dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography with Levovist 2.5/4 gr. flk (contrast agent that contains galactose and palmitic acid). Vascular phase (arterial-portal) and parenchymal phase enhancement patterns were investigated in these lesions.Results: The sensitivity and specifity of vascular phase enhancement and later phase perfusion defect in these lesions were found as %76.92 and %100 respectively. Conclusion: Dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasonography is an effective method in characterization of liver metastases

This paper examines cointegration and the difference in the extent of price transmission, and speed of adjustment between global and domestic prices of high and low quality rice. Unit root tests, cointegration tests and error correction models are employed in the analysis. While there are no comparable studies in the literature, the findings of this study indicate that the dynamics of price transmission may be different between high and low quality rice markets. That is, the extent of price transmission appears to be larger for the global prices of low quality rice whereas the speed of adjustment to the long-run equilibrium may be faster for domestic prices of high quality rice. Moreover, a shock in the global prices of low quality rice may have a long-lasting effect on domestic prices of low quality rice as compared to their high quality counterparts affecting domestic prices of high quality rice.

The aim of this study is determining the impact of positive psychological capital on political behaviour.The study was conducted on 375 academic staff in 39 foundation universities and 8 public universities in İstanbul. The data were collected through Psychological Capital Questionnaire developed by Luthans, Youssef and Avolio (2007: 237) and adapted into Turkish by Çetin and Basım (2012, s. 121) and Political Behaviour Inventory developed by Börü and İslamoğlu (2007a, s. 135). The results of the study show that the academic staff with low level of psychological capital tend to engage in making concessions, exaggeration and insincerity and exchange of favors more than the academic staff with high level of psychological capital

Fahr syndrome is characterized with calcification in basal ganglia, dentate nucleus of cerebellum and centrum semiovale. Frequent clinical findings include Parkinsonism, dystonia, tremor, chorea, ataxia, dementia, and mood disorders. 13 years old male was admitted with generalized tonic-clonic seizures in our clinic. His neurological examination was normal. No abnormalities were determined in biochemical and hormonal examinations. Cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated alterations in signal intensity suggestive of extensive calcifications in basal ganglia, thalami, periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale. Although, extra pyramidal system findings are the most common signs in Fahr syndrome, we aimed to point out that some of the patients might also present with epileptic seizures.

<p>Aim: The purpose of this study, 25-40 years married, gave birth in the last 5 years or are considering having children according to their answers to the survey on women in a buying trend, identify the factors that affect this trend and create sales and marketing strategy is to show the way for the sector to determine. </p><p>Method: The research population aged 25-40 are married, have given birth in the last 5 years or so were women who are considering having children. Used in the research literature is very collection tool was created based on the research literature. Questions that we used in our study has been prepared in accordance with the opinion of the assistant nurses working in neonatal hospital care providers. The questionnaire was presented on social networking sites and answers are stored in a virtual environment. Data were analyzed by analysis and structural equation models were tried to be. </p><p>Results: 173 women participated in the survey; The average age is 30 and 3.5% of primary school graduates, 28.3% graduated from high school or equivalent, 68.2% have graduated from college or higher education. The majority in terms of income level while a good income, have stated that they have a very small portion of the lower income levels. </p><p>Conclusions: Service organizations that provide services to women’s needs and the expectations are in line with the family financially if it should make a compensation in the direction to exceed the budget. </p>

In this study, it is aimed to analyze how adolescents perceive the parental attitude and to what extent this perception affects their social competence. The study group has been composed of 613 high school students. Parental Attitudes Scale and Social Competence Invento ry have been used as data collection tool. The data has been evaluated using SPSS 20.0 program. For the analysis of the data, Ki - Kare, Mann Whitney U test and Kruskall Wallis H Test have been used according to the results of the normality distribution test and uniformity test. As a result, it has been determined that the parental attitude that adolescents perceive is not affected by the variable of class level but it is significantly affected by the variable of sex; that adolescent girls perceive their pare nts as more democratic than adolescent boys perceive them. When social competence inventory scores have been analyzed, it has been determined that adolescent girls are good at conveying nonverbal and affective expressions when it is compared to the adolesc ent boys. Similarly, it has been determined that ninth - grader adolescents are less competent in terms of understanding and interpretation of non - verbal and affective expressions than upper classes. In general, it has been concluded that there is no meaning ful relationship between adolescents’ perception of the parental attitudes and their social competence level.

Undoubtedly, pronunciation is a significant factor in communication and it can be a source of unintelligibility between interlocutors. Several materials can contribute to the improvement of pronunciation skill one of which seems to be audiobooks. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the influence of using audiobooks on the improvement of pronunciation ability of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, 90 elementary, intermediate, and upper-intermediate students from three English language institutes were selected in Shiraz, Iran. In order to examine the effect of using audiobooks on students’ sound recognition and sound production, two tests were administered to the students as pretest and posttest. To find out whether audiobooks had any effect on the pronunciation ability of learners, the mean and the standard deviation of the three groups of learners were compared. Data analyses showed that the sound recognition ability of intermediate learners improved significantly in comparison with the other two groups. Also, students at upper-intermediate level had the highest gain in pronunciation production in comparison with the other two groups of learners. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the three groups of learners with regard to their production ability of English phonemes. The study also found that females outperformed their male counterparts regarding pronunciation production tests after receiving treatment. However, males performed better than females in pronunciation recognition tests after receiving treatment. The implications are provided at the end of this study.

<p>Eğitim yönetimi alanında örgütsel değişim ile ilgili alanyazın incelendiğinde, okullardaki <br />değişim sürecinde örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel öğrenme kavramları ile bu kavramların karşılıklı <br />etkileşimlerinin göz önünde bulundurulmasının, okulları daha etkili örgütler haline getirme <br />konusunda önemli bir önkoşul olarak değerlendirildiği görülmektedir. Bu bakış açısıyla, bu çalışmada <br />eğitim planlamacıları ve yöneticilerinin örgütsel değişim sürecinde örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel öğrenme <br />kavramlarının önemine dikkatlerini çekmek ve bu konuda temel bir bakış açısı oluşturmak <br />hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, bu çalışmada örgüt kültürünün temel öğeleri olan artifaktlar, değerler ve <br />inançlar ve temel sayıtlılar ile örgütsel öğrenmenin düzeyleri olan tek, çift ve üç döngülü öğrenme, <br />örgütsel değişimin türleri olan birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü basamak değişim ile karşılıklı olarak <br />ilişkilenmeleri incelenmiştir. <br />Anahtar kelimeler: Örgütsel değişim, örgüt kültürü, örgütsel öğrenme.</p>

Editorial Board and Content of Volume 4/6

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease characterized by chronic asthma, bronchitis, and interstitial pulmonary diseases. The most frequent and ever-exacerbating symptoms of the disease involve dyspnea, cough, sputum, loss of appetite, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. As the incidence, severity and distress of symptoms accelarate; treatment and care needs of patients also increase. Increasing treatment and care needs in the process of disease and adherence to treatment have a negative effect on the care cost. Patient coaching is an approach that will make an important contribution to the increase of adherence to treatment and disease and the decrease of care cost by developing the symptom management and self-care skills of patients.    Özet Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH); kronik astım, bronşit ve interstisyel akciğer hastalıkları ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Hastalıkta en sık karşılaşılan ve şiddeti giderek artan semptomlar, dispne, öksürük, balgam, iştahsızlık, yorgunluk, anksiyete ve depresyondur. Semptomların görülme oranı, şiddeti ve bireyde yarattığı stres düzeyi arttıkça hastaların tedavi ve bakım gereksinimlerinde de artış görülmektedir. Hastalık ve tedaviye uyum sürecinde artan tedavi ve bakım gereksinimleri bakım maliyetini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Hasta koçluğu, hastaların semptom yönetimi ve öz bakım becerilerini geliştirerek hastalığa ve tedaviye uyumunun artmasında ve bakım maliyetinin düşmesinde önemli katkı sağlayacak olan bir yaklaşımdır.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the demographic features, administration reasons and educational status of the patients who were presented to the bonesetters for orthopedic complaints. Methods: 96 (26 males, 70 females) patients were included in this study, who filled a questionnaire out of 1926 patients went to bonesetters between June and December 2012. All the patients were recorded regarding demographic features, first application places, educational status, administration reasons, and complication rates. Results: 87 patients (90.6%) preferred bonesetters as the first application place. The mean age of the patients was 31±16.1 years. The most common reason was advices of the family members or relatives (40.6%). The educational status was not significant in administration rate, but low educational status has significant correlation with more complication rates. Sixteen patients developed sequels (16.6%). The effect of bonesetters’ treatment was mostly found to be placebo. Conclusion: Bonesetter is a country reality when prevalence was taken in notice. However, the similarity of their results to placebo ones, having no education, having no legal rights, paying no tax make this issue a great problem. The solution of this problem is depended to increase health programs to inform public and to increase government superintension. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 472-446

In many countries, a higher education system which is based on welfare state practices prevails. In this system, the services are substantially provided by the state free of charge or at quite low prices. Since the services are financed by taxes, additional sources cannot be provided; and because of the fact that it doesn't entail a real cost benefit comparison by the users, it leads to inefficiency. From the early 80s on, there has been a tendency towards the marketing mechanisms in the provision of many public services such as education due to both strong theoretical and empirical reason, and the restrictions in public financing. Together with this tendency, the question of who benefits from education services is tried to be answered in order to discuss the stimulation of activities and additional resources on a reasonable base. The aim of this study is to determine whether it is the individual or the society who benefits from this public service at the higher education level by calculating private and social return rates through internal return rate technique which is one of the cost benefit analysis method. Findings from calculations have shown that the individual gains more than the society after a four-year university education.

The successful transfer of thoughts and emotions that speaking and writing skills, know-how requires a number of skills and knowledge. This accumulation of knowledge and skills in the elementary foundations are being laid. One of the expressive language skills writing is from skills of the individual, academic, cultural and social life most used. Children in the process of development, but the receptive language and expressive language skills, listening skills, preschool speech, expressive language, receptive language skills of reading and writing skills in the elementary school are gaining. Starting first grade literacy teaching process consists of encoding and decoding activities. Does not change from person to person are universal criteria for readability. No matter which language you made a post about writing as long as it complies with the criteria "legible" provision given. From this point in the process of teaching reading and writing of this study, Turkish and Bulgarian primary criteria was to investigate the legibility of texts produced by first grade children. This study was designed according to the technique of qualitative case study research model data 2012-2013 academic year in Edirne, Turkey, the first year of primary school going 15 (9 male, 6 female) in the 2012-2013 academic year the student data and Bulgaria capital Sofia the first year of the ongoing 15 (8 female and 7 male) were collected from samples of student writing. Samples taken from both countries, letters, syllables, words, sentences, and attention is paid to the stages of the text. Criteria for determining the legibility of domestic and foreign literature were reviewed and according to the criteria determined by the researcher “enough", "developed" and "inadequate," he rated. The data were analyzed by the researcher and with five experts in the field. Legibility of the data by the researcher analyzed separately according to the criteria of whether the raters’ reliability coefficient was calculated as .87. Analysis results are expressed in terms of percentage and frequency used for the quantification of qualitative data and direct extracts from the writings of students interpreted. Text examples of straight-line placement of text, the space between words, letter-spacing, letter format, suitable to produce, including six main categories of contiguity and the curvature examined. The findings of the study, the writing researchers, reading and writing documents and material authors,designers, classroom teachers and classroom teacher candidates will contribute important. <br> Duygu ve düşüncelerin başarılı bir şekilde aktarılmasını sağlayankonuşma ve yazma becerileri, bir takım bilgi ve becerilerin birikiminigerektirmektedir. Bu bilgi ve becerilerin birikiminin temelleri iseilkokullarda atılmaktadır. İfade edici dil becerilerinden yazma becerisibireyin akademik, kültürel ve sosyal hayatında en çok kullandığıbecerilerdendir. Çocuklar, gelişim sürecinde olmakla birlikte, alıcı dilbecerilerinden dinlemeyi ve ifade edici dil becerilerinden konuşmayıokul öncesi dönemde, alıcı dil becerilerinden okuma ve ifade edici dilbecerilerinden yazmayı ise ilkokul döneminde kazanmaktadır. İlkokulbirinci sınıfta başlayan okuma yazma öğretim süreci şifreleme ve şifreyiçözme etkinliklerinden oluşmaktadır. Okunaklılığın kişiden kişiyedeğişmeyen evrensel kriterleri vardır. Bir yazı hangi dilde üretilmişolursa olsun bu kriterlere uyduğu sürece yazı hakkında “okunaklı”hükmü verilebilir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada Türkçe ve Bulgarcaokuma yazma öğretim sürecinde ilkokul birinci sınıf çocuklarınınürettiği yazıların okunaklılık kriterlerine incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Nitel araştırma modelinin durum çalışması tekniğine göre desenlenenbu araştırmada Türkiye’deki veriler 2012-2013 Öğretim Yılında Edirneilinde ilkokul birinci sınıfa devam eden 15 (9 erkek, 6 kız) öğrencinin veBulgaristan’daki veriler ise 2012-2013 Öğretim Yılında başkent Sofya’dabirinci sınıfa devam eden 15 (8 kız, 7 erkek) öğrencinin yazıörneklerinden toplanmıştır. Her iki ülkeden alınan yazı örneklerindeharf, hece, kelime, cümle ve metin aşamalarının olmasına dikkatedilmiştir. Okunaklılığın ölçütleri belirlenirken yerli ve yabancı literatürtaranmış ve kriterler buna göre belirlenerek araştırmacı tarafından“uygun”, “geliştirilmeli” ve “yetersiz” şeklinde derecelendirilmiştir.Araştırmada veriler araştırmacıyla birlikte 5 alan uzmanı tarafındananaliz edilmiştir. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından okunaklılık kriterlerinegöre ayrı ayrı analiz edilip puanlayıcılar arasındaki güvenirlik katsayısı.87 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları; nitel verilerinsayısallaştırılmasında kullanılan yüzde ve frekans ile ifade edilmiş veöğrenci yazılarından doğrudan alıntılar yapılarak yorumlanmıştır. Yazıörnekleri; yazının satıra doğrusal olarak yerleştirilmesi, kelimeler arası boşluk, harfler arası boşluk, harfi formatına uygun üretme, bitişiklik ve eğiklik olmak üzere altı ana kategoride incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın bulgularının; yazı ve yazma araştırmacılarına, okuma yazma dokümanlarını hazırlayanlara ve materyal tasarımcılarına, sınıf öğretmenlerine ve sınıf öğretmeni adaylarına önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

To supply qualified manpower that is necessary in tourism sector, “quality of education” is one most important factor in higher education institutions. In this study, expectations on tourism education and level of satisfaction of the students that are the most important part of higher education institutions have been researched. In the research, service quality measurement models that are listed in the literature have been used to measure service quality in higher education institutions. By using the servqual model, the level of meeting the expectations of students about tourism education served by higher education institutions has been measured and important aspects of service quality according to students have been showed. The results of this study that is focused on tourism education and service quality show that the students, one of the major groups of higher education institutions, have a very low level of satisfaction about their education.

<p align="justify">Bulancak is a district of Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. This study includes that the causes, direction and main characteristics of migrations in the rural area of Bulancak County. In this research, Bulancak County is handled in three degree starts from sea level. First level is between 0-100 meters and second level is between 100-750 meters, third and final level is between 750-1250 meters and it is analyzed in three independent levels. According to results of this study, people who lives the villages which sea level is between 0-100 meters, they are interested in rural occupation and also they work in different fields of works because of the fact that their villages are close to county center. For this reason, rate of migration is lower than others. Similarly, in the villages between 750-1200 meters (sea level) that have grain agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, beekeeping, migration of seasonal labor force which is related economic actions that are low. Opposite to, nearly starting to 100 meters, nut agriculture’s upper limit is 750 meters and the villages which is called “nut band” lose the population rapidly. The reasons of the migration are life difficulties or money squeeze, additional income needs, changing carriage system in the villages but the main or the significant reason is that the fields change from area under cultivation to above cultivation with nut agriculture. Therefore, there is no activities related to soils or fields for the people who live in rural area and revenues of the nut agriculture decrease year to year so that this factor or this cause increases the migration in this rural area.</p>

Esophageal diverticula are rare entities. We report our initial experience with a minimally invasive approach to mid-esophageal and epiphrenic diverticula in two cases. One patient with mid-esophageal diverticula was treated with esophagoscopy-guided thoracoscopic diverticulectomy. The other patient, with a large epiphrenic diverticulum, was treated with combined thoracoscopic diverticulectomy and laparoscopic esophagomyotomy and fundoplication. Thoracoscopic diverticulectomy is a safe and effective operation. When combined with intraoperative endoscopy, this approach further increases the efficiency of the thoracoscopic procedure.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the os trigonum syndrome by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methods: A total of 76 ankle MRI images were evaluated, retrospectively. All MRI examinations were done in supine position with the injured foot in neutral position and then in forced plantar flexion.Results: Os trigonum syndrome was seen in 16/76 cases. Four of 16 os trigonum syndrome patients are female. The average age of this 16 patients who were defined as os trigonum syndrome by MRI was 34.81±14.16 years. Twelve of 16 os trigonum syndrome was seen in right ankle. Disruption of the cartilaginous synchondrosis between the accessory bone and the talus was observed in 12 patients. Tenosynovitis of the flexor halluces longus was associated in 7 patients. Subcutan edema, surrounding the os trigonum was detected in 11 patients.Conclusion: In patients with ostrigonum syndrome MR imaging allows complete diagnosis.

Purpose: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common infections in childhood. Because of the long term sequelae, differentiation of pyelonephritis from cystitis is important. The aim of this study is to determine the value of biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin and whether preferred to predict pyelonephritis in children without 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid scan. Material and Methods: Fifty children aged 3 months to 16 years with a first urinary tract infection were included in this retrospective observational study. The medians, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values of serum C - reactive protein and procalcitonin to predict pyelonephritis were determined. Results: Thirty-two (64%) patients were diagnosed with pyelonephritis and 18 (36%) were diagnosed with cystitis. The cut-off value for C - reactive protein was 34 mg/L to predict pyelonephritis, with 69% sensitivity and 61% specificity. The cut-off value for procalcitonin was 0.23 ng/mL to predict pyehlonephritis, with 69% sensitivity and 66% specificity. In combination, these biomarkers were 63% sensitive and 78% specific to predict pyelonephritis. Conclusion: Using a combination of procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein is preferred to predict pyelonephritis in children, instead of the 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid scan. Because of its disadvantages, the 99mTc-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid scan should be avoided in children. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(3.000): 495-503]

Bu çalışma, global reklamcılık açısından kültür bileşenlerinin en önemlilerinden olan dil, tutum, değer ve inançların advergaming tasarımı üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koyarak bu doğrultuda günümüzdeki advergaming uygulamalarının kavramsal çerçevesi işlenerek global reklam ve kültür etkileşimini teorik olarak irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Aim: To evaluate the cure rates and complications of midurethral slings performed by residents under an experienced surgeon supervision. Material and Method: Between January 2013 and January 2014, one hundred forty-one midurethral slings performed in the urogynecology clinic of Ankara Zekai Tahir Burak Women%u2019s Health Research and Education Hospital were reviewed.Age, parity,body mass index,menopausal status, grade 2 preoperative pelvic organ prolapsus,concomitant vaginal surgery and intraoperative (bladder and bowel perforations,bleeding,vaginal laceration) and early postoperative (urinary retention etc.)complications were recorded.All women were re-examined at postoperative 6 th month and symptoms were questioned. The patients were classified as %u2018%u2019cured%u2019%u2019 if the stress test was negative , %u2018%u2019partially cured%u2019%u2019 if continence frequency decreased but still continued and %u2018%u2019unsatisfied%u2019%u2019 if there was no change in symptoms. Both TVT and TOT groups were compared in case of complications and cure rates. Results: Among 141 patients who had undergone midurethral sling due to urinary stress incontinence,50(35.5%) were TOT , 91(64.5%) were TVT. In the TVT group, 3 (3.3%) patients had bleeding which requires transfusion and 5(5.5%) patients had bladder perforations. But in the TOT group,there was no bladder perforation and bleeding that requires transfusion. In the early postoperative period, urinary retention was encountered in 7(14.0%) patients in TOT group and in 17(18.7%) patients in TVT group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in case of complications. At postoperative 6th month, in the TOT group 76% of patients were cured,18% were partially cured and 6% were unsatisfied. In the TVT group, 83.5% of patients were cured, 12.1% were partially cured and 4.4% were unsatisfied and there was no significant difference in cure rates between the groups. Discussion: The success and complication rates of midurethral slings performed by residents under experienced surgeon supervision were comparable with the literature. Although the minor complications seem to be a little bit higher, it does not effect success rate and patient satisfaction.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of surgical excision in combination with mitomycin C (mit-C) and postoperative topical mit-C 0.002% administration for the treatment of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Material and Method: Twelve eyes of twelve patients who were histopathologically diagnosed as CIN between March 2004 and July 2008 were evaluated retrospectively for their treatment modalities and results. All lesions were excised with wide margins in combination with mit-C 0.02% application for 2 minutes. Five of 12 eyes were treated with topical mit-C 0.002% eye drops four times a day for 14 days after histopathological confirmation. Large conjunctival defects in 5 eyes were reconstructed with amniotic membrane (3 eyes) and autologous conjunctiva (2 eyes). Results: Seven patients were women and 5 were men, with a mean age of 68.37 (range: 30-94) years. The right eye was involved in 6 patients and the left one - in 6 patients. The conjunctival lesion was located on the nasal conjunctiva in 5 eyes and on the temporal one - in 7 eyes. Histopathological diagnosis was CIN in all cases. After a mean follow-up period of 41.75 months (between 10 and 62 months), one recurrence (8.3%) was noted. This case with recurrent lesion has been previously treated with surgical excision in combination with mit-C 0.02% application and the large conjunctival defect has been reconstructed with amniotic membrane. Discussion: Surgical excision in combination with mit-C and use of additional postoperative topical mit-C 0.002% in selected cases for conjunctival intraepithelial treatment provides a safe and effective cure. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 138-42)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilization on seed yield and some plant characteristics of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.).The study was conducted at experimental field of Viticulture and Research Institute of Agricultural Ministry located in Tekirdağ -TURKEY during 2001-2003. In the experiment, nitrogen was applied in four different doses such as 0, 12, 24 and 36 kg da –1. Nitrogen application splited into 3 equal parts. One third of the nitrogen applied in fall while the rest two parts applied in the spring season. Irrigation was made in heading stage and after each nitrogen application. Nitrogen application effected plant height, fertil tiller number, biological yield and seed yield of perennial ryegrass positively while it effected harvest index negatively. Nitrogen application had no significant effect on spike lenght and thousand seed weight. Based on the results of this study, optimum nitrogen dose for seed production was obtained from plots applied 12 kg da-1 nitrogen in total.

Increase of awareness and high knowledge base of society in the field of climate change and environment in general in global and local ranges is vital to prevent future possible increase of climate changes in the world. In order to more involve society in prevention of future climate changes, national government has come up with National Climate Policy [1], which includes possibility for educational institutions such as University of Liepaja to develop educational programs, including lifelong and distance education programs. To achieve given objective, educational module “Climate Change” is created by University of Liepaja. Goal of this activity is to increase knowledge and capacity of governmental institutions, municipalities, scientific and educational institutions, private businesses, societies and foundations as well as separate members of society. Besides overall information on greenhouse gas emissions and adaptation to climate change, University of Liepaja concentrates more on practical questions, since, in our opinion, practical knowledge on how to use renewable resources, reduce greenhouse gas emissions or even reuse them in industry will create larger impact on achieving the objective. Therefore University of Liepaja concentrates on following topics: practical use of different technical solutions in industry, technical equipment used in industry of renewable energy, technologies used to prevent greenhouse gas emissions and mathematical modeling of possible scenarios, when pollution occurs in populated areas. Developed materials will be available for society, especially for the members of the target group for educational purposes. Materials also can and will be used for distance education.

Objectives: The progressive understanding of the mechanicalfunction of the patella makes preservation of itsgeometry is mandatory, particularly during its reconstruction.Objectives of this study were to compare the patellardimensions after surgical and conservative treatment forpatellar fractures in children and to present influence ofthe changes in the patellar dimensions on the knee motions.Materials and methods: Two groups of children with patellarfractures their ages at time of injury averaged 12years. One group included five children, was treated surgicallyusing of the inter-fragmentary wiring technique andthe other group that includes seven children was treatedconservatively. Patients were prospectively followed for aperiod-averaged 65.5 months, the knee function and thepatellar dimensions were assessed clinically and radiographically.Results: The group was treated surgically reported insignificantincrease in the patellar longitudinal length andreported no extension lag; however, reported average 9°flexion deficit, which is possibly correlated to radiographicincrease of the patellar thickness. The group was treatedconservatively reported significant increase in the patellarlongitudinal length and reported extension lag averaged4.3° and flexion deficit averaged 7.14°.Conclusions: Surgical treatment preserved to great extentthe longitudinal patellar length but it failed to preservethe patellar thickness particularly in the comminuted patellarfractures. The patellar elongation caused extensionlag and flexion deficit while the mere increase of the patellarthickness produced flexion deficit without extensionlag.Key words: Patella, dimensions, fracture, knee motion,children

Objective: We compared the childhood trauma, the severityof sexual functions, comorbidity of axis I psychiatricdisorder, the types and severity of obsessive-compulsivedisorder (OCD) and sociodemographic data of patientswith or without sexual obsession in OCD.Methods: Eighty patients of OCD were recruited fromincluding consecutive admissions to an outpatient clinic.Primary OCD patients assessed each subject using theStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders(SCID-I). OCD symptoms and symptoms severity was assessedby the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(YBOCS). Traumas were assessed by the ChildhoodTrauma Experiences Questionnaire. Sexual functions severitywas assessed by the Arizona Sexual ExperienceScale (ASEX). Current depressive and anxiety symptomsscore were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton RatingScale for Depression (HAM-D) and the Hamilton AnxietyScale (HAM-A).Results: The frequency of sexual obsession was 15%in our clinical populations diagnosed with OCD. Historyof emotional abuse and incest were associated with asignificantly higher rate of OCD with sexual obsessions.Religious, aggressive, hoarding obsessions and hoardingcompulsions were associated with a significantly higherrate of OCD with sexual obsessions. Comorbidity of Somatoformdisorder was associated with a significantlyhigher rate of OCD with sexual obsessions. Subjects whohave OCD with sexual obsessions did not significantly differfrom those without sexual obsessions on any ASEX scores, Y-BOCS scores, HAM-D, HAM-A and demographicfeatures.Conclusion: Sexual obsessions were related to religious,aggressive, hoarding obsessions and hoarding compulsions,the emotional abuse, incest and a comorbidy ofsomatoform disorder.Key words: sexual obsessions, childhood trauma, comorbidity

Relying on Ottoman archival documents, this article presents that during World War I the protection of the Muslim population in Serbia could be achieved only with the help of the mediator states who provided communication between the Ottoman Empire and Serbia. After the Ottoman Empire lost large portions of its lands in the Balkans, the protection of the Muslim population in the Balkans emerged as a new problem. The Istanbul Treaty of March 14, 1914 aimed to solve these problems, but the outbreak of WWI made the implementation difficult as the issues could only be discussed indirectly through mediator states. Özet: Osmanlı arşiv belgelerine dayanarak hazırlanan bu makale Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Sırbistan’daki Müslüman nüfusun korunmasının Osmanlı Devleti ve Sırbistan arasında aracılık yapan devletler vasıtasıyla sağlanabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin Balkan Savaşları sonrasında Balkanlar’da bıraktığı topraklarında kalan Müslüman halkın haklarının korunması yeni bir mesele olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. 14 Mart 1914’te imzalanan İstanbul Anlaşması meseleye çözüm getirmeye çalışmış ancak Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın çıkması ve Osmanlı-Sırp diplomatik ilişkilerinin kesintiye uğraması ile anlaşmanın uygulanmasında sorunlar yaşanmıştır. Bu sorunlar ancak aracı devletlerin yardımları ile kısmen giderilebilmiştir.

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mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p>The paper explores the crisis communicative strategies (CCs) that the former Tunisian president, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, and the former Egyptian president, Hosni Mubarak, used in response to the protests, which are considered as one of the most critical crises in their reigns. A content analysis was conducted to examine the three speeches each president delivered during the crisis event in order not only to protect their image but also to restore peace and order. The study aimed to address the following questions: What are the crisis response strategies they used to restore their (distorted) image? did these strategies change over the demonstration period? and are they appropriate to the crises? In so doing, the analysis probes the length as well as the number of words and sentences; the framing patterns that have been applied (logical vs. emotional), and the crisis communicative strategies applying Coombs’ (1999) communicative strategies model.</p><p> </p>

HEFT PEYKER ÇEVİRELERİ VE ALI ŞİR NEVA'NiN SEB'A-i SEYYARE'Sİ

Sürdürülebilirlik, kentsel riskler, mevcut enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ve depremsellik açısından da açık alanlara duyulan ihtiyaç İstanbul'da giderek artmaktadır. Ancak mevcut yeşil alanlar yetersiz kalmakta sağlıklı yaşayan kent olabilmek için, sadece kent dışındaki ilçelerde ve alanlarda değil, İstanbul'un merkezindeki İlçelerde sürdürülebilir kentsel tasarımların oluşması zorunlu olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte açık yeşil alanların fonksiyonları da artık sürekli büyüyen kentlerde yetersiz olup, sürdürülebilirliği destekleyici fonksiyonları da içinde barındırması gerekli hale gelmiştir. Eko Park alanlarının sahip olması gereken öncü fonksiyonları, oluşum ve yer seçimi kriterleri, planlama ilkeleri, tasarım kriterleri ve standartları araştırma kapsamı içinde ele alınmıştır. Sürdürülebilir Ekolojik Planlama anlayışı ile açık alanların da üretebilen, dönüştürebilen, istihdam sağlanarak yaşam kalitesini belirgin olarak arttırabilen eko parkların kentlerde oluşturularak İstanbul'a sağlayacağı ekonomik, ekolojik ve rekreatif katkısı araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.

Polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome is an uncommon condition related to a paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to an underlying plasma cell disorder. Patients always present with polyneuropathy. Herein we discussed two cases who were presented with polyneuropathy. POEMS syndrome should be considered among the differential diagnoses of all patients with polyneuropathy. [Cukurova Med J 2015; 40(2.000): 373-378]

Objective: Peripheral nerve blocks are usually used either alone or along with general anesthesia for postoperative analgesia. We also aimed to present the results and experiences.Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted to scan the files of patients who underwent orthopedic upper extremity surgery with peripheral nerve block between September 2009 and October 2010. After ethics committee approval was obtained, 114 patients who were ASA physical status I-III, aged 18-70, performed upper extremity surgery in the Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic were included to study. Patients’ demographic data, clinical diagnoses, premedication status, peripheral block type, local anesthetic dose, stimuplex needle types, hemodynamic parameters at the during surgery, the first postoperative analgesic requirements, complications and patient satisfaction were recorded.Results: Demographic data were similar to each other. Brachial plexus block was commonly performed for the forearm surgery. Infraclavicular block was performed the most frequently to patients. As the classical methods in the supine position were preferred in 98.2% of patients, Stimuplex A needle (B. Braun, Melsungen AG, Germany) have been used for blockage in 80.7% of patients. Also, in 54.4% of patients, 30 ml of local anesthetic solution composed of bupivacaine + prilocaine was used for blockade. Blocks applied to patients had provided adequate anesthesia.Conclusion: Since the brachial plexus blockade guided peripheral nerve stimulator for upper extremity surgery provide adequate depth of anesthesia and analgesia, it may be a good alternative to general anesthesia because of unwanted side effects

<p>Geometrideki tümdengelimli ve tümevarımsal muhakeme arasındaki etkileşimli süreç içerisinde, dinamik geometri yazılımlarının en temel ve ayırt edici özelliği olan sürükleme anahtar bir role sahiptir. Sürüklemenin bu anahtar rolünün ortaya çıkarılmasında ise eğitimcilere ve araştırmacılara önemli görevler düşmektedir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmada dinamik geometri yazılımlarının sürükleme özelliğinin farklı kullanım amaçları açıklanmış, sürükleme çeşitleri tanıtılmış ve eğitimcilerin bu süreçteki rolü tartışılmıştır. Kuramsal olarak desenlenen bu çalışmanın Türkiye'deki literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle sürüklemenin kısa tarihçesine ve geometri öğretimindeki önemine değinilmiş, ardından sürükleme çeşitlerinin “kurama geçiş” ve “algıya geçiş” sürecindeki rolü açıklanmıştır. Bu sürükleme çeşitleri parabol konusuna ilişkin örnek bir problem durumu üzerinde tanıtılmış ve süreç içinde öğrencilerde gerçekleşebilecek muhakemeler tartışılmıştır.</p><p>Anahtar Kelimeler: Dinamik geometri yazılımları, sürükleme çeşitleri, geri-çıkarım, kurama geçiş, algıya geçiş</p>

The main aim of this research is to investigate main information literacy standards for the information professionals' education in the 21st century. In the study, subject is examined under these titles: 'concepts of the information and the information literacy', 'relationship of the information literacy and the information technology', 'the information literacy both in the higher education and the education of the information professionals', 'the information literacy standarts in the education of the information professionals'. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı 21. yüzyılda enformasyon profesyonellerinin eğitim ve öğretimindeki temel enformasyon okur-yazarlığı standartlarını araştırmaktır. Bu çalışmada, konu, şu başlıklar ile incelenmiştir: 'enformasyon ve enformasyon okur-yazarlığı kavramları', 'enformasyon okur-yazarlığı ve enformasyon teknolojisi ilişkisi', 'yüksek öğretim ve enformasyon profesyonellerinin eğitim ve öğretiminde enformasyon okur-yazarlığı', 'enformasyon profesyonellerinin eğitim ve öğretiminde enformasyon okur-yazarlığı standartları'.

Introduction: Fragmented QRS is a depolarization abnormality detected with routin ECG recording. It is related with conduction defect which occurs after myocardial fibrosis. In the left ventricular hypertrophy, an excessive amount of collagen accumulates in the interstitium when the myocytes became hypertrophied, resulting in myocardial fibrosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of fragmented QRS which was detected on ECG recordings of the hypertensive patients with the left ventricular geometry.Patients and Methods: Essential hypertension patients referred to our hospital on outpatient bases were included in the study. 12-lead resting ECG was taken in all the patients. Left ventricular geometry defined using left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness with transthorasic echocardiography.Results: Sixy seven patients with fragmented QRS and 63 patients without fragmented QRS included the study. We found that patients in the group with fragmented QRS detected have a wider mean left atrium diameter, greater left ventricular mass and left ventricular mass index compared with the group without fragmented QRS. Concentric and eccentric hypertrophy were more common in fragmented QRS group, while normal geometry and concentric remodelling have greater rates in the normal group.Conclusion: Left ventricular hypertrophy is observed more frequently in the patients with fragmented QRS than without fragmented QRS. This may be associated with the increased myocardial fibrosis in the left ventricular hypertrophy. Existence of fragmented QRS can be used for risk stratification in the hypertensive patients.

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Çavuşluk kurumu, dergâh-ı âlî çavuşluğu ve burada görevli çavuşlar Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kuruluşundan itibaren, devletin idari yapısı içerisinde önemli bir yere sahipti. Çavuşlar, elçilikten infazcılığa, ulaklıktan teşrifatçılığa kadar çeşitli işlerde görevlendirilmişlerdir. İmparatorluk sınırları Kanuni Sultan Süleyman döneminde büyük çapta genişleme kaydettiği gibi, devletin yapısı ve örgütlenişi de bunun paralelinde gelişip karmaşıklaşmıştır. Bu süreçte dergâh-ı âli çavuşlarının, bilhassa yoğunlaşmış askerî, idari ve diplomatik işlemlerin yürütülebilmesi için merkezden eyaletlere, tâbi memleketlere ve diğer ülkelere yazılan emir, ferman, hüküm ve mektupların ulaştırılması dolayısıyla önemleri artmış görünüyor. Bu göreve yükselebilmenin koşulları nelerdi? Dergâh-ı âli çavuşları hangi kariyer yollarından gelmekteydi ve bunların kökenleri neydi? Çavuşluk konusunda yapılmış çalışmalarda bu sorular tamamıyla aydınlatılmamıştır. Topkapı Sarayı Arşivi’nde bulunan ve Kanuni döneminde dergâh-ı âli çavuşlarını içeren bir belge bu sorulara açıklık getirecek nitelikte kayıtlar içermektedir. Abstract: The institution of sergeantship, the supreme sergeantship lodge, and the appointed sergeants took an important place in the administrative structure of the Ottoman Empire since its foundation. The sergeants had been charged with various duties extending from diplomats to executioners and message-carriers to masters of ceremonies. In conjunction with the considerable expansion of the borders of the empire, the structure and organization of the state had expanded and become more complex during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificient. Because of these changes in the military, administrative and diplomatic structure, the importance of supreme dervish lodge sergeants came into prominence as the communication of imperial orders (firmans), verdicts and letters between the central government and the provinces, vassal countries and foreign states had increased in a large scale. What were the recruitment conditions for the supreme dervish lodge sergeants? From which career groups were they being chosen, and what were their national origins? Existing studies on sergeantship have yet to sufficiently address these questions. This article analyzes a document from the Topkapı Palace archives on the supreme dervish lodge sergeants and clarify some issues in regard to functions sergeants.

The curriculum of teacher training programs has changed several times since 1982 when the management of the educational faculties has been left to YÖK. The curriculum has also covered core classes of literature in foreign language programs. However, core classes in literature have not remained static; they have rather changed in content, number, title and approach in teaching and analysis. In this study the place of literature classes in French Language Department Programs, the subsequent changes and the results done in 1982, 1998 and 2006 are deal with. We have come to the conclusion that the number of literature classes is lowered in the curriculum accredited in 2006.

Hematuria must be regarded as a serious finding until proven otherwise. It can be originated from simple urinary tract infection, but also can be a first sign due to urinary tract tumor. Hematuria can be detected as well as the only isolated finding, it can also accompany other urinary system pathologies.Infection, trauma, and menstruation should be ruled out primarly. In this case, we have tried to emphasize again the importance of detailed medical history as well as the use of laboratory tests in primary care by revising the clinical features of macroscopic hematuria and accompanying proteinuria. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(5.000): 647-650]

OBJECTIVE: Peritoneal transport characteristic is a potential survival predictor. In this study we evaluated the effect of transport characteristics on 10 year patient survival and compared its’ impact with other possible survival predictors. MATERIAL and METHODS: We included 75 CAPD patients who were followed in our center for at least 10 years after initiation of PD. Based on the standard peritoneal equilibration test, PD patients were divided into two transporter groups: Low / Low average (n:27) and High / High Average (n:48). Clinical and demographic data were collected from patient charts and impact of transporter characteristics and some other well-known survival predictors were studied. RESULTS: 10 year PD survival rates were signifi cantly lower in H/HA group (p:0.001). Atherosclerosis-related mortality rate was signifi cantly higher in H/HA group (45.9% vs. 7.6%, p:0.043). Hypoalbuminemia, increased CaxP, chronic infl ammation, H/HA transport status were independent predictors of PD and patient survival. Further analysis revealed that hypoalbuminemia (p:0.0001) and increased CaxP levels (p:0.0001) were the main predictors. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that peritoneal transport status is an important survival predictor. However keeping the calcium and phosphorus levels in recommended ranges, and improving nutritional status still have more importance for lowering mortality rates of PD patients.

In this study, 232 atriums and gardens in total, and 71 open spaces were determined in order to reveal out the plant types of Çankırı’s urban site. At these locations, 40 plant species, used as street tree, were identified and the total number of plants was found as 682. By means of acquired data, it was emphasized that the available plant types should be considered and conserved as a whole within historic structure, and the plant types that can be used in plantal landscape design works were mentioned.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of 12 weeks of dance education on the values of physical fitness at children with mental retarded. 22 educable mentally retarded children from Dr. Günseli - Dr. Bülent Akınsal Secondary School and Working Sc hool participated in this study. Mentally Disabled children who participated voluntarily were grouped as the average age of 16.27± 1.00 year with11 people (9 males, 2females) of the experimental group and the average age of 15.90± 0.83 year to 11people(7 males, 4 females) as the control group. Participants in the experimental group was implemented 12 - weekdance education program including 2 days a week, 2 hours a day. Program contents included the basic posture correction, flexibility, ability to maintain a rhythm, motion diversity and self - expression skills, pair work and group work. Physical fitness values of experimental and control group were measured in before and after studies. After the 12 - week dance education, It was determined that there was st atistically significant differences in vertical jump, flexibility, sprint and balance parameters between the experimental and control groups.(p<0.05). In the study of comparing the experimental group in itself, statistically significant differences were fo und of the specified physical fitness parameters (p<0.01). As a result; physical fitness levels of the educable mentally retarded individuals who regularly participated in dance activities showed significant improvements. The results of this study, it was observed that after 12 - week education program there was more development of many physical fitness parameters in the experimental group than the control group and this revealed that the importance of dance education on educable mentally retarded children.

Computer games have an important usage potential in the education of today’s digital student profile. Also computer teachers known as technology leaders in schools are the main stakeholders of this potential. In this study, opinions of the computer teachers about computer games are examined from different perspectives. 119 computer teacher candidates participated in this study, and the data were collected by a questionnaire. As a result of this study, computer teacher candidates have a positive thinking about the usage of computer games in education and they see themselves qualified for the analysis and design of educational games. But they partially have negative attitudes about some risks like addiction and lose of time. Also the candidates who attended the educational game courses and play games from their mobile phones have more positive opinions, and they see themselves more qualified than others. Males have more positive opinions about computer games than females, but in terms of educational games and the analysis and design of the computer games, there is no significant difference between males and females.

In this study, general theme of speech and thought presantation is presented first. Then, the types formed newly especially after 20th century due to functional and aesthetic anxieties were handled with examples as well as the traditional types of speech and thought presentation. The differences among these types are examined from the point of view of utterance and reporting structure. Based on the researches done by the last few years, the thought that the writing presantation has to be studied as speech and thought presantation, had been appeared. Hence the types of writing presantation were added to this study.

The purpose of this study was to identify the preferences of women's opinions on the choice of a mate. Participants of the study were 15 women who work in different jobs in several health agencies. Interviews were used as a qualitative research method to collect personal/detailed data from participants. Qualitative data obtained from participants were analysed by the content analysis method. Results showed that the majority of women prefer to get married men who are older than themselves and averaged in physical appearance. It was identified that honesty is the most desired personality characteristic for women when choosing a partner, followed by, in order: assertiveness, respect and understanding. Women in the study admitted that they prefer men with different personality characteristics and social status from those of theirs and also prefer men who have an income level and social status similar to or higher than their own. Caring and loving father themes were identified in terms of women expectation from their partner. According to the participants’ views there should be a coherence between their personal hobbies and culture and those of their partners. Women emphasised that they want their partner to have a respectful, genuine, close and good relationship with their family. Results are discussed in the light of related literature.   Özet Bu araştırmada, kadınların eş seçimine ilişkin görüşleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmaya sağlık alanında çalışan farklı meslek grubundan 15 kadın alınmıştır. Araştırmada veriler nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmış ve görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre kadınlar evlenmek istedikleri kişinin yaşının kendi yaşlarından büyük olmasını, ortalama fiziksel özelliklere sahip olmasını tercih etmektedir.  Kadınların en çok aradığı kişilik özelliği dürüstlük olmuştur ve bunu sırasıyla girişken, saygılı ve anlayışlı olma izlemiştir.  Kadınlar evlenmek istedikleri kişinin kişilik özellikleri ve sosyal statü teması altında gruplanan özellikler açısından kendilerinden farklı olmasını, en çok ilgili ve sevecen temaları altında belirtilen babalık özelliklerine sahip olmasını istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Evlenmek istenilen kişinin kendileriyle benzer ya da daha yüksek ekonomik gelir ve statüye sahip olmasını,  kişisel zevkler ve kültürel temalara ilişkin konularda uyumlu olmayı bekledikleri belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca kadınlar, evlenmek istedikleri kişinin aileleriyle saygılı, yakın, samimi ve iyi bir ilişkisi olmasını istediklerini, ailenin kültürel uyum, sosyal statü ve kişilik özellikleri temaları kapsamındaki nitelikler konusunda eş seçimini etkilediğini ifade etmişlerdir. Araştırma bulguları, ilgili literatür doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.

BÜYÜK SELÇUKLU SULTANI MELİKŞAH'IN ADI ANILAN İKİ ANİ PARASI

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Sosyal Bilimler alanında öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri Dersine Yönelik tutumlarını belirleyecek; geçerli ve güvenilir bir tutum ölçeği geliştirmektir. Ölçme aracının yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi kullanılmıştır. Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonuçlarına göre, ölçek toplam 20 madde ve dört alt boyuttan oluşmaktadır. Alt boyutların faktör yük değerleri ile toplam varyansı açıklama oranları sırasıyla, birinci faktör, 7,848 özdeğer ve varyans açıklama oranı % 39,240, ikinci faktör öz değer 2,123 ve toplam varyans açıklama oranı % 10,614,üçüncü faktör öz değer 1,350 ve toplam varyans açıklama oran % 6,752, dördüncü faktör öz değer 1,111 ve toplam varyans açıklama oranı % 5,555’tir. Dört alt boyut ölçülmesi düşünülen psikolojik örtük yapıya ait varyansın % 62,161’ini açıklamaktadır. Öte yandan, açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucu ortaya çıkan yapıyı test etmek için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi kullanılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda, 199,68/166=1.202; RMSEA=,037; CFI=,99; GFI=,92; AGFI=,86; NFI=,96; NNFI=,99; RMR=,18 ve SRMR=,049 bulgularına ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan bulgular ölçeğin tek yapılı dört alt boyutlu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bulgulardan hareketle ölçeğin, Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemlerine yönelik tutumu ölçebilecek özellikte olduğu söylenebilir. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık anlamında güvenirlik katsayısı ⍺ = .917 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer ölçeğin çok yüksek düzeyde iç tutarlılığa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

[Cukurova Med J 2016; 41(2.000): 408-410]

Burning mouth syndrome is a chronic condition characterized by burning pain without any signs of an oral mucosal pathology, that usually affects postmenopausal women. Burning sensation is often accompanied by dysgeusia and xerostomia. The pathogenesis of the disease is unknown and an effective treatment option for most of the patients has not been defined yet. The aim of this review is to present current pharmacological and physicological treatments of burning mouth syndrome.

Pur po se: To evaluate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes in uveitis patients with macular involvement and to investigate the correlation between clinical activation and tomographic features. Ma te ri al and Met hod: Patients who have been followed for uveitis in Uvea-Behçet department were enrolled in the study. Patients having any kind of media opacity (cataract, condensation of vitreous, corneal opacity) were excluded. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, macular thickness, and the integrity of the photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction during active and inactive period of the disease. Re sults: Twenty-six eyes of 19 (7 females, 12 males) patients were included. The patients were classified as having anterior uveitis (2 patients), posterior uveitis (10 patients) and panuveitis (7 patients). The mean macular thickness was 335.38±113.88 μm in active stage and 235.96±48.38 μm in remission phase. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.025). The integrity of photoreceptor inner and outer segment junction was disturbed in 65% of patients with active disease, while in 30.8%, the integrity of this layer was regained during remission. Dis cus si on: OCT provides clinically important information about the changes induced by acute inflammatory episodes. These findings were observed to correlate with clinical features. OCT is a non-invasive technique which may be used for follow-up and for evaluation of the response to treatment of patients with uveitis. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2011; 41: 396-400)

When doing a scientific study, several methods are used to get usefull data. This methods become theoretical due to their capacity to answer the needs and their practicality. One of important theories atsicience is comparative literature.Comparative literature science, becouse of its being systemic,proved its efficacy to give right results and be practical to many field.Theory of comparative literarture, in almost every branch of sciencewithin the scientific discipline can be used without goingdiscrimination. On the other hand, large-scale interdisciplinary study ofgeological researches that allow them to think and is an approach thatmakes the vast perspective. For his reason, this theory can be used inclassical literature as it is used at modern literature.In this article, first, comparative literature is introduced. Then,introductory in formation about the composers of text that will becompared is given. As a third step, frequently used images in text suchas twillight, night and sleep examined according to how they areperceived in the context of mythology, traditional culture, mysticism,religion and literature. In the light of all these, 13 poems-that havecommon elements-of 6 poets from diffirent centuries but at the sameroad, are comparatively examined according to their from and content.In the context of all these the result of this article is that, thecommonality of tradition, perception and sensation is beyond timeperiods, and even reaches after centuries. <br> Bilimsel bir çalışma yapılırken, sağlıklı ve işe yarar veriler elde edebilmek amacıyla çeşitli metotlar uygulanır. Bu metotlar uygulanabilirliği ve istenilene cevap verebilme ölçütleri bağlamında zaman süreci içerisinde kuramsallaşır. Bilim âleminde yer edinen önemli kuramlardan biri de karşılaştırmalı edebiyattır. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat bilimi, kendinde var olan sistemlilik sâyesinde birçok alanda uygulanabilirliğini ve doğru sonuçları ortaya çıkarmadaki yetkesini kanıtlamıştır. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyat kuramı, ilmi disiplin ayrımına gitmeksizin hemen her bilim dalı bünyesinde kullanılabilmektedir. Öte yandan disiplinlerarası çalışmaya olanak sağlayan ve araştımacıyı geniş çaplı düşünmeye sevk ederek bakış açısını engin kılan bir yaklaşımdır. Bu anlamda, modern edebiyatta olduğu kadar klâsik edebiyatta da bu kuramdan yararlanılabilir. Bu makalede, öncelikle bir kuram olarak karşılaştırmalı edebiyat tanıtılmıştır. Ardından bu kuramın temel prensiplerinden hareketle, karşılaştırmalı tahlili yapılacak olan metinlerin müellifleri (Yazar / Şâir) hakkında tanıtıcı bilgiler verilmiştir. Üçüncü adım olarak, karşılaştırılacak metinlerde yoğun şekilde işlenen seher, gece ve uyku imajlarının; mitoloji, anânevî kültür, tasavvuf, din ve edebiyat örüntüsünde nasıl algılandıklarına ve ne anlam taşıdıklarına değinilmiştir. Tüm bunların ışığında yaşadığı yüzyıllar farklı, yürüdüğü yollar aynı 6 şâirimize ait 13 müşterek eksenli şiir, biçim ve içerik açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak tahlil edilmiştir. Bütün bunlar bağlamında; makalede varılan sonuç; gelenek, algı ve his ortaklığının devri aştığı ve yüzyıllar sonrasına dahi etki edebildiği yönündedir.

Purpose: To determine the etiology, clinical course, complications, and outcome of uveitis in pediatric patients. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 64 eyes of 43 patients, who had been followed up at a University clinic. Demographic and etiological features, clinical course, complications, and visual outcome were analyzed. Results: Male/female ratio was 22/21. Median age at the first visit was 14 (3-18) years. Unilateral involvement was observed in 22 (51.16%) patients. Anterior uveitis was the most common form (67.19%). Idiopathic uveitis was seen in 25 (58.14%) patients. The most commonly identified etiological entities were juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (5 patients) and Behcet’s disease (4 patients). Both glaucoma and cataract were the most common complications (12.50%, 6.25%; respectively). Final VA was equal or better than 20/40 in 47 eyes (73.43%). Discussion: Uveitis in pediatric patients was mostly idiopathic. The most commonly identified etiologic entities were JIA and Behcet’s disease. Final visual outcome was favorable with appropriate treatment. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 395-401)

Yazarlara Duyuru

KONYA ŞEREFEDDİN (ŞERAFEDDİN) CAMİİ

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant skin tumour. Chronic sun exposure is considered as the main etiologic factor in its development. Although it mainly occurs on sun-exposed areas as the face and neck, it rarely develops on the forearms and/or arms. The etiologic factors which affect the anatomic distribution of basal cell carcinoma are not well-known. Here we report two patients who developed basal cell carcinoma on the forearm. None of the patients had a specific etiologic factor except for chronic sunlight exposure. The aim of our report is to show that this prevalant cutaneous malignancy can be encountered in rare/unusual areas.

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Enigma which means secret and complex word also refers to the puzzeles that are designed as hidden concept or noun in our literature.Enigma comes from Persian Literature and first samples of enigma are especially on create (Allah). Enigmas that we come across in 15th century even appears in the commentaries for them.Surûrî wrote commentarios for the enigmas of Hüseyin Mu’ammâyî, Molla Câmî and Ali Ker. Surûrî were able to present his profession with his writter works. In our study the eveluation related to commentary of enigma will be made going by the commentary that Surûrî wrote for Mu’ammâ Risâlesi of Molla Câmî.<br> <br> Mu’ammâ kelime anlamı olarak “gizli ve güç anlaşılır söz” anlamlarına gelen bir kelime olup edebiyatımızda bir ismin veya kavramın gizlenmesi şeklinde düzenlemiş bilmecelere de mu’ammâ adı verilmiştir.Mu’ammâ Türk edebiyatına Fars edebiyatından geçmiş olup ilk yazılan mu’ammâlar Allah’ın isimleri üzerinedir. İlk örneklerine 15. yüzyılda rastladığımız mu’ammâlar kendilerine yazılan şerhlerle de öne çıkmıştır.Surûrî, Hüseyin Mu’ammâyî, Molla Câmî ve Ali Ker’in mu’ammâlarına şerhler yazmıştır. Surûrî mu’ammâdaki ustalığını yazdığı eserlerle ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmamızda Surûrî’nin Molla Cami’nin Mu’ammâ Risâlesi’ne yazdığı şerh esas alınarak mu’ammâ şerhiyle ilgili değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.

The article presents the analysis of some epochal symbols introduced in Y. Yevtushenko’s poem “Mum and the Neutron Bomb” (1982). Creative approaches and their realization made by the author are shown regarding the common course of the 60’s traditions which the author was outstandingly following. The variety of perspectives and the specifics of expression means allow to compare the poem with a symphony. Semiotic approach enables the analysis of symbols introduced considering the epochal connections and the author’s creative self-realization, it also helps to stress the common and the particular from the different perception aspects (1) creation time – the 20th century: reading time the 20th century and (2) creation time – the 20th century: reading time the 21st century.

Despite having an important role in the economy, female employment and labor force participation rates of women are distinctly lower in Turkey. This article analyses the reasons behind the lower labor force participation of women in Turkey and compares it with different countries. In this study, apart from consulting the relevant literature, a large number of statistical data also has been collected from ILO, OECD, EU and TUIK(Turkish Statistical Institute). The research results reveals that, in addition to economic factors, socio-cultural factors particularly related to women’s role splits over as worker in social life and as the main responsible person in housework build up an important problem scope for women in terms of female labor force participation rates in Turkey. For this reason, it is concluded that, applying employment policies which consider the nature of socio-cultural peculiarities of female labor force will help the employability of women and increase female labor force participation rate.

This study suggests Bonus-Malus System (BMS) to minimize the occupational accidents in Turkey. Having a 12-class structure with a specific premium ratio for each class considering the number of accidents, the suggested system depends on the principle that the premium ratios should vary according to the number of accidents occurring in a given business. To enter the system, all businesses start from class 6, with a premium ratio of 2%. For the calculation of premium ratios for each class, the expected value principle is used. It is observed by using Markov chains that the system reaches the steady state in 45 years’ time and the changes in the premium income of Social Security Institution (SSI) according to the distribution of businesses according to accident in the 5th, 10th, 20th, and 45th years are investigated. As a result, it is seen that the premium income of SSI will, in the course of time, decrease with BMS. In return, it is predicted that business are likely to try to escape punishment and turn to reward and increase measures against occupational accidents with a decrease in the number of accidents.

<p align="justify">Şeyh Ahmed, a little known but in fact a strong poet and vocabulary writer, lived in the 17th century. Nazmu'l-Leal, an Arabic-Turkish poetic dictionary written by Şeyh Ahmed, is not a well known work and we do not run into its name in other classical dictionaries and works. We have tried to introduce this work to the world of science on the basis of its four manuscripts. The work consists of 659 couplets, 5 rubais and 1 mustezad and explains the Turkish meanings of some 3000 of Arabic vocabulary. After a short introduction of the poet we have concentrated on poetic characteristics of the work, the methods used in it, and the importance of the work on the basis of its richness with regard to its vocabulary of Turkish origin.</p>

Brunner gland adenomas (BGA) are benign and rare tumors of small intestine. They are seen at a rate of %10.6 of all benign duodenal tumors. Symptoms can be variable and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, hematemesis and melena can be seen in some cases. Diagnosis is difficult with mucosal biopsies, becasue of the location in submucosa and generally made by endoscopic resection material. It should be distinguished from lipoma, leiyomyoma, neurogenic and carcinoid tumors through endoscopic and radiologic methods. Endosonography (EUS) is helpful for diagnosis due to detection of&nbsp; originate from which layer of duodenum wall, echogenity and tissue homogeneity of lesion. In this article, we reported a BGA located with EUS and resected with endoscopic polypectomy. BGA was reported before as generally heterogeneus-hypoechoic and characterised with cystic areas, however, in our case, BGA was detected as a different echo pattern on EUS.

In this study, at first, Parallel Virtual Machine is reviewed. Since It is based upon parallel processing, it is similar to parallel systems in principle in terms of architecture. Parallel Virtual Machine is neither an operating system nor a programming language. It is a specific software tool that supports heterogeneous parallel systems. However, it takes advantage of the features of both to make users close to parallel systems. Since tasks can be executed in parallel on parallel systems by Parallel Virtual Machine, there is an important similarity between PVM and distributed systems and multiple processors. In this study, the relations in question are examined by making use of Master-Slave programming technique. In conclusion, the PVM is tested with a simple factorial computation on a distributed system to observe its adaptation to parallel architects.

The curatorship has become a profession in the visual art field during the period from 1960s to today. In this context, it is aimed to explain the development of curatorship and job description of it which is/is tried to be imposed to it as well as the history of curatorship. A reflection of social and political events by the end of 1960s, of course, showed itself in the artistic events. It was started to be questioned the positions of institutions such as museum and gallery through or via different movements occurred during those periods. When it is examined in the processual aspect, the new and alternative searches have been initiated and thus, the profession, curatorship, was subjected to a change. In the scope of this change, it is observed that the curatorship is transformed into a creating field in the visual art through the important exhibitions.

The objective of present study is to determine the gut and gonad yield of <em>Paracentrotus lividus</em> populations occuring along Aegean Sea coastline and to evaluate of the environmental conditions on the gonad indices variability. To achieve this, samples were gathered during twelve months and biometric measurements were done. The wet gonad index peaked (6.22±0.56 %) in one (April-14°C) of the coldest months (between November-May) even though water temperature was not change so much between November and May. It is determined that decreasing temperature affected gonad production but temperature is not only one factor effecting of gonad because of gonad indices were not high during the other cold months (between November-May) in this study. The higher gut index (GII) values were observed between January (6.31±0.71 %) and May (6.07±0.70 %). The gut index was higher in spring than in fall in this study.

Background: Induction of labour is common in obstetric practice. We conducted this study to find the appropriate and safe drug for labour induction and to compare the safety and efficacy of oral misoprostol and vaginal dinoprostone for labour induction. Methods: In a provisional, prospective and cross-sectional study, one hundred and fifty five singleton cephalic presentation full term pregnancies with medical or obstetric indication for labour induction were allocated in two groups. First group received oral 50 micrograms for nulliparas and low parity group (1-4), and 25micrograms for grand multiparas (&#8805; 5) misoprostol orally every 6 hours to a maximum of four doses daily. In the second group vaginal tablets of dinoprostone 3mg then 1.5mg for nulliparas and 1.5mg for low parity and grand multiparas groups were inserted in the posterior fornix, every 8 hours. Primary outcome measures were: induction success, induction-delivery interval and number of used doses. Secondary outcome measures included: maternal side effects, caesarean section rate, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. Data was collected from patient case notes and analyzed using software SPSS (version 13.0) and p-value < 0.05 was used as statistical significance of differences. Results: In our study there were no significant differences in baseline parameters in the two groups nor in the indications for labor induction except misoprostol was used in premature rupture of membrane. Induction of labor succeeded in 123 (79.35%) women without other interventions from other methods (80.26%misoprostol group versus 78.5% dinoprostone p=0.492). It was observed that there were no significant differences between the two groups in final outcomes nor in obstetrical complications. There was no significance in differences between misoprostol and dinoprostone groups in induction-delivery interval (15.2 &#177; 14.5 hours versus 16.4 &#177; 11.3 hours p=0.6 resp.). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that oral misoprostol is as effective as vaginal dinoprostone tablets for induction of labor and can be a good alternative for this purpose. [Cukurova Med J 2013; 38(3.000): 382-389]

In this study the relationship between Türkiye Turkish and domestic migrations has been discussed within the framevork of the two specific examples. From Aybastı in 1950 especially to the areas especially appropriate for farming did same migration take place. W’heras one member of the same family migrated to Çarşamba –the town Samsun, the other went to Niksar the town of Tokat and settled there. The women who went to Çarşmaba lived there for 50 years. The older brother who moved to Niksar also lived for 50 years there. Althoush both of them thousht that thes preserved their own dialects, it has been found some new words in the dialect of the woman who moved to Çarşamba.<br> <br> Bu çalışmada iki somut örnek çerçevesinde Türkiye Türkçesi ağızlarıyla iç göç arasındaki ilişki tartışılmıştır. Aybastı yöresinden 1950’li yıllarda özellikle tarıma uygun alanlara göçler olmuştur. Aynı ailenin bir ferdi Samsun’un Çarşamba ilçesine giderken, bir başkası Tokat’ın Niksar ilçesine gitmiş ve orada yerleşmiştir. Çarşamba’ya yerleşen hanım 50 yıl orada yaşamıştır. Niksar’a yerleşen ağabey de o kadar yıl bu ilçede yaşmıştır. İkisi de gittikleri yörede kendi ağızlarının konuşuru olarak kaldıklarını düşündükleri halde, özellikle hanımın ağzında Çarşamba ağzıyla ilgili yeni unsurlara rastlanmıştır.

It may be not possible to determine how and when some of the adjuncts came into existence. But we can follow the existences, the changes of some of the adjuncts which are still being used in nowadays Turkish and say some of them are formed of words and some of them are formed with the combination of prefix+ root and root+ suffix, thanks to the historical texts in hand. It is seen that with the combination of suffixes and roots there can be formed new adjuncts which have new functions. It is seen that some of the adjuncts are formed with the combination of an adjunct and a word which completed the period of becoming an adjunct subject to the ones which are formed with the combination of a word and an adjunct which hasn’t completed the peiod of becoming an adjunct or vise versa. <br> <br> Eklerin bir kısmının ne zaman ve nasıl ortaya çıktığını belirlemek mümkün olmayabilir. Ancak günümüz Türkçesinde kullanılan bir kısım eklerin, eldeki tarihî metinlerden hareketle nasıl bir oluşumla ortaya çıktıklarını, nasıl bir değişim gösterdiklerini; bir kısmının kelimelerden ekleştiğini, bir kısmının da ek+kök / kök+ek kaynaşmasıyla ortaya çıktıklarını takip edebilmekteyiz.Kelime kökleri ile eklerin kaynaşmasından yeni fonksiyonlu, yeni eklerin ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Meydana gelen eklerin bir kısmının, ekleşme sürecini tamamlamış bir kelimeyle bir ekten oluşmasına karşılık; bazıları da; bir kelimenin ekleşme sürecini tamamlamadan bir ekle, veya bir ekin ekleşme sürecini tamamlamayan bir kelimeyle kaynaşarak yeni bir ek oluşturması şeklinde görülmektedir.

Regional anaesthesia has advantages such as, control of postoperative pain, early mobilization, and does not affect respiratory function. In recent years, regional anaesthesia had improved by the application of the peripheral nerve stimulator and ultrasound guided blocks, new local anaesthetic drugs with the use of additional adjunctive agents. Especially in emergency conditions, combination of regional anaesthesia may avoid the complications of general anesthesia in patients with chronic disease who suffer from upper and lower extremity injuries. In this paper, we present two cases who underwent combined regional anaesthesia techniques for the lower and upper extremity surgery.

Y olJış ı arJçlarının cği nıl i arazilerde dc v ri ll nc si du nıınu nd a sürüc ü g ü venl iğinin sağlanı nası için bu ara ç la rı n güvenlik kabini ilc teçh iz ed itınesi öngörülnıüş vç bu koııuJa u yulina sı zorunlu olan ulusal ve uluslararası standartlar gcliştirilnıiştir. Standartlarda belirtilen statik ve dinanıik testierin gcrçeklcştiri!ıncsi hcın ına liyc tl i lıcın de fazla z a ına n alınaktad ır. Güvenlik kabinlerinin daha tas a nın aşaınasında bilgisayar nrlaınınJa s onlu cl�ı nanl ar yönten ıiy l e Statik Yük lcn 1 c ve Dinaınik Çarp ına Tesllerinin sinıu lasyonunun yapı! nası lasarun, i ınalat ve t es t harcan1alarını azalL ; ıktı r . Bll \'dlışınada, g U venlik kabinlerinin dinanıik çarpnıcı lcstkriılin s iınu la s y o nu iç in bir sonlu eleınanlar n 1 o dcli ol u� L u ru ld u . Pratik hir uy gu l anı a olarak test sonuçları bilinen bir traktür g U v enlik kabinine uygulandı. [lde e d i l en s o nu çl a r, tasarın1 aş aı n as ı nda bilgi0ayar y a rJ unıy l a dinaınik çarpnıa testlerinin siı n ul a s y on u nun y•ıpıl�ıbilcccğini güstcrıni� t i r .

This study aims at an examination of the relationship between level of content with body image and self-esteem among female adolescents. In the study, descriptive method was employed. The sample group of the study is 300 secondary school female students between 16-18 years of age. Body Cathexis Scale and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory were applied to the adolescents in the sample group. Results have shown that there are a high level, negative and significant relationship between the body image and self-esteem (r=-0,365, p<.01) of female adolescents. Findings also illustrate that an increase in female adolescents’ content with their body image leads to an increase in their self-esteem. Results of the study revealed that female adolescents with positive body image have a high level of self-esteem and so female adolescents with negative body image have a low level of self-esteem. In this respect, in this study, the importance of female adolescents’ realistic appreciation concerned with their body image is discussed.

Use of an family planning method during the postpartum period is important both to space births, and to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Under-utilization of family planning services during this period not only leads to adverse conditions caused by excessive fertility, but also has negative effects on both maternal and infant health. Women are in close contact with health care providers before, during, and after childbirth, when they are most likely to be impressed by the services they receive. Effective provision of health care services in these periods is therefore of great importance. Literature indicates high rates of success and compliance with family planning services provided during these periods. Many women neglect to use a modern contraceptive method in the postpartum period believing that breastfeeding alone ensures sufficient protection against pregnancy. Indeed, breastfeeding can be 98% effective as a contraceptive method; however, this is only true if certain criteria are observed. There are three basic criteria for the lactational amenorrhea method to be effective: the baby must be less than six months old, must be exclusively or almost exclusively breast-fed, and the mother must not be menstruating. In a conference held in Bellago in August 1988 by the World Health Organization and other international agencies, a consensus was developed for effective use of lactational amenorrhea method, and it was agreed to adopt breastfeeding as a potential family planning method in maternal and child health programs. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2010; 9(4.000): 383-390]

Said'in söylemiyle Oryantalizm Doğu ve Doğu dünyası hakkında yanlış yansımalar ve mitler tarihsel süreç içinde Batı söylemlerinde oluşmuş tarihsel ve ideolojik bir süreci ifade eder. Doğu kültürü üzerinde Batı'nın kültürel üstünlüğüne dayanır. Oryantalizm, Emperyalist görüşler için ön açıcı olmuştur. Sonuçta Oryantalizm, Emperyalizm için bir gösterge, sonuç ve sembolist ifade gücünün yanında askeri güç anlamına gelmektedir. Sömürgecilik; 19 yüzyılda Pazar ve yabancı topraklarda sömürge arayan sömürgeci Avrupa ulusları için ulus devletlerini genişlemesini ifade etmekte kullanılan bir kavramdır. Sömürgecilik otomatik olarak diğer milletlerin üzerlerinde ırksal ve kültürel üstünlüğünü ilan eden bir tarzda diğer milletlere ve medeniyet uzanan bir hareket olarak tarif edilir.

Aim: The aim of study was to evaluate the impact of prostate weight on radical prostatectomy outcomes (cancer control, urinary continence, and erectile dysfunction) in prostate cancer patients. Material and Method: The files of 92 patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy were retrospectively reviewed. Patients%u2019 data on demography, tumor characteristics, oncological, urinary and erectile function outcomes were estimated. Results were compared according to the prostate weights (Group 1: %u2264 60 g, Group 2: &gt; 60 g). Result: Patients that have prostate weight of &gt;60 g were %35,9. Preoperative Prostate Spesific Antigen (PSA) volumes (9.9 %u2013 14.1 ng/ ml, p

AIM : It has been aimed with this study to identify the level of delivering baby with congenital malformations and affecting factors at women who had given birth at least once in Burdur. METHODS: According to provincial health directorate, the number of women who was pregnant on 30 June 2010 is 1,532, and 958 of these women have experienced at least one pregnancy previously. The universe of this conducted cross-sectional type research has been comprised of 958 women who had experienced pregnancy once at least. A sample was not selected in the study; it was aimed to reach the whole of universe. The data have been gathered, after getting necessary permissions, between the dates of 15 March and ndash; 21 June 2010 with a questionnaire and face to face. The data were analyzed in SPSS 10,5 package program. RESULTS: Congenital malformation prevalence in Burdur is 4,2%. Delivering babies with congenital malformation is 2,5 times (OR:1,1 and ndash;5,4) more in mothers 35 years of age or older with reference to 34 years of age and younger mothers. Delivering babies with congenital malformation is 2,9 times greater (OR:1,4 and ndash;5,7) in fathers whose education level are primary and under with reference to fathers whose education level are secondary and higher; 8 times greater (OR:2,2 and ndash;21,3) in mothers who had stillbirths with reference to mothers who had not stillbirths; 3,4 times greater (OR:1,0 and ndash;11,5) in mothers whose children died before the age of 5 with reference to mothers whose children not died before the age of 5. CONCLUSiON: In conclusion, congenital malformation prevalence is similar with the data of Turkey. For prevention of congenital malformations prenatal care as sufficient number and quality should be provided to the mothers who were over 35 years and above, child death below 5 years or had stillbirths and had educatiol level as primary education or less. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2014; 13(6.000): 445-450]

Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is an autosomal recessive, lipid storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme sphingomyelinase or defective cholesterol transport from lysosome to cytosol. The clinical symptoms and signs include dysphagia, loss of motor function, hepatosplenomegaly, recurred respiratory infections, seizure, mental retardation, spasticity, myoclonic jerks and ataxia, but vary depending on the type of this disease. According to the observed pathology, patients require specialized therapy. Due to the high prevalence of the pathology in this group of patients, surgical interventions requiring general anaesthesia are common. Anesthetists have some difficulties with this group of patients. One of them is difficult ventilation because of hepatosplenomegaly and the other is difficult intubation. The metabolism of some of the anesthetic agents may be affected due to chronic use of anticonvulsant agents. Liver enzymes are elevated and platelet counts are reduced. Here we report an anesthesia management, difficulties and post-op follow up in a female child having NPD. Anesthetists have some difficulties in ventilation and intubation with NPD patients. In this situation ventilation should be with low tidal volume and high frequency. Because anesthetic agents might cause liver damage, they should be used cautiously. As a result, with keeping mind all these pathologies, anesthesia management to these patients should be used cautiously. (Journal of Current Pediatrics 2013; 11: 42-4)

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), is a clinical-radiological entity that is caused by various etiological factors, usually associated with vasogenic edema in the posterior parietal and occipital regions, and the magnetic resonance imaging findings are diagnostic. Although treatment of the underlying cause provides clinical and radiological healing, cases have been reported with recurrence and rarely mortality. In this article, we reviewed the literature together with a patient who had chronic kidney disease and loss of consciousness and was diagnosed as PRES after the investigations.

Customs Union Agreement served as an intermediary for ensuring the partial economic integration between Turkey and the EU. During the initial years of this integration, the trade relations with the European Union had a significant role in the Turkish economy. However, it can nowadays be observed that the EU’s share in Turkey’s foreign trade is gradually diminishing. In this context, this study, which analyzes the concentration of trade between Turkey and BRICS in the post-CU period based on products and countries, benefited from the data provided by the Turkish Statistics Institution. As a result of the study, it was observed that the country-based trade intensification moved from Russia to China after the ratification of the CU Agreement. It was determined that the product-based concentration in exportation occurred only within the product group named “Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels” (54.8%), whereas the concentration within importation occurred in the product groups named “Mineral Fuel, Lubricants and Related Materials” (35.3%), “Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles” (32.%) and “Animal and Vegetable Oils, Fats and Waxes” (30.5%).

Endocrine diseases may have manifestations locally or in a generalized manner. When an imbalance in normal bone homeostasis occurs, regulated by various hormones such as parathyroid hormone, growth hormone it results in conditions like hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia etc. which may affect bone density in a generalized manner. The condition cause: excessive resorption of bone or excessive deposition of bone. Intraoral or extraoral radiographs are thus useful in detecting diseases like hyperparathyroidism, hyperpituitarism, hypoparathyroidism, and hypopituitarism which are subclinical and are detected accidently on routine radiographic examination.

The purpose of this study is to determine the self-efficacy perception of the pre-service teachers towards Physical Education. Subjects are 423 student teachers from four Educational Faculties in Artvin, Rize, Trabzon and Giresun. Data were gathered via “The Scale of Physical Education Self Efficacy Perception” which was developed by the researchers. The scale developed in three parts as theoretical knowledge, practice skills and formation skills. The scale was applied to the student teachers who had completed Physical Education courses in their faculty programs. Findings indicated that male student teachers had higher self-efficacy perception scores toward Physical Education than female student teachers in terms of theoretical knowledge and practice skills dimensions. Also, the students teachers who had get the Physical Education Courses in sport facilities had higher self-efficacy perception scores toward Physical Education than the student teachers who hadn‟t get this course in sport facilities.

A 34-year-old woman with no cardiovascular history was referred to the cardiology clinic for palpitations. She was diagnosed as multiple sclerosis two years prior to current presentation and on long term both intravenous and oral prednisone therapy due to uncontrolled multiple sclerosis attacks. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography showed a highly echogenic bilobed interatrial mass suggestive of fatty tissue. Multidetector cardiac tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed mass to be lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum typically not spreading to the foramen ovale.

Nowadays, thermal processes are used in order to preserve food from microbiologic and enzymatic changes and extend the shelf life. Thermal treatments are particularly safe, assures a total inactivation of vegetative microorganism cells and spore. On the other hand it present some disadvantages related to the high temperature employed, such as denaturation of proteins, vitamins, productions of toxic compound, undesirable organoleptic features. The last decade, non-thermal inactivation techniques have been a major research issue, driven by an increased consumer demand for nutritious, fresh like food products with a high organoleptical quality and an acceptable shelf life. Present article represents studies on application aspects and effects of high hydrostatic pressure in foods.

Although the service sector has increasingly gained importance both in the world and in Turkey, there are few studies on factor contents of trade in service sectors. While the Heckscher-Ohlin model can strongly predict the pattern of trade across countries, its empirical testing has still be discussed by researches. This study investigates whether trade in the service sector of Turkey runs in the direction that the Heckscher-Ohlin theory predicts using 2002 input-output and import use tables of Turkey. The results using the net final demand approach and the complementary import approach reveal that the relationship between foreign trade and factor intensity is in accordance with the predictions of the theory that while Turkey’ exports include relatively labor intensive goods, its imports include relatively capital intensive goods.

Everyone has linguistic competence as soon as the birth and with this competence he gets his mother tongue. Since he perceives the world, he goes ahead learning his native language first from his mother and the environs. The learning process goes on both at school and lifelong other than school. In Turkish education system, Turkish languageeducation as a native language starts at primary education andcontinues until university process. Turkish language is taught in thename of compulsory ‘Turkish Language’ at all departments exceptTurkish Language and Literature Departments. The importance and thenecessity of the lesson have always been contentious question. Latterly,the elimination of the lesson has been planned.There are considerable problems in Turkish language lessonstaught in the universities. There are many problems in this lesson suchas the name of the lesson, employee rights of lecturers, the inadequacyof physical capacity, bureaucratic annoyence, curriculum, educationmaterials and the problems on account of the students. However, themain problem of this lesson is the students’ ‘lack of conciousness oftheir native language’. Deprived of this conciousness, Turkish youthhas a ‘negative attitude’ on their mother tongue, Turkish language. Inthis study, with the aim of evaluating the university students’ attitudes,students’ attitudes are ascertained. The survey was applied to the firstclass students and the information except the accuracy foundacceptance in Turkish science is assessed as ‘negative attitude’.Throught the ‘Native Language Attitude Scale’ how Turkish languageeducation should be is specified. <br> Her insan dünyaya geldiğinde dil yetisine sahiptir ve bu dil yetisiyle ana dilini edinir. Çevresindeki dünyayı algılamaya başladığı andan itibaren başta annesi olmak üzere çevresinden ana dilini öğrenmeye başlar. Bu öğrenme gerek okulda gerekse okul dışında hayat boyu devam eder. Türk eğitim sisteminde, ana dili olarak Türkçenin eğitimi ilköğretimin birinci kademesinde başlayıp üniversite eğitimi sürecine kadar devam etmektedir. Bu sürecin son basamağı olan üniversitelerde Türkçe eğitimi, Türk dili ve edebiyatı bölümleri dışındaki tüm bölümlerde ortak zorunlu “Türk Dili” adıyla verilmektedir. Bu dersin üniversitelerde okutulmaya başlamasından bugüne kadar dersin önemi veya gerekliliği daima tartışılmıştır. Son dönemlerde ise artık dersin kaldırılması planlanmaktadır.Üniversitelerde okutulan ortak zorunlu “Türk Dili” dersinin uygulanmasında önemli sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Bu dersle ilgili; dersin adı, okutmanlık mesleğinin özlük hakları, fizikî şartların yetersizliği, bürokratik sıkıntılar, müfredat, eğitim ve öğretim malzemesi ve öğrenciden kaynaklanan birçok sorun bulunmaktadır. Ancak bu dersle ilgili temel sorun, “Türkçe ana dili bilinci”nin çocuklara kazandırılamamış olmasıdır. Bu bilinçten yoksun bırakılan Türk gençleri, ana dilleri olan Türkçe konusunda “olumsuz tutum” sahibi olmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, üniversite öğrencilerinin Türkçe ile ilgili tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla birinci sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanan sormaca (anket) ile bu öğrencilerin ana dillerine karşı olan tutumları tespit edilmiş ve Türklük biliminde genel kabul görmüş doğrular dışındaki bilgiler “olumsuz tutum” olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu “ana dili tutum ölçeği” aracılığıyla “Türkçe, Türk dili” eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği belirtilmiştir.

Islam banishes interest. This raises two questions contextual to Central Banking. First, can Islamic banks create credit like the conventional? We shall argue that Islamic banks cannot avoid credit creation; an imperative for staying in the market where they operate in competition with their conventional rivals. Evidently, the interest rate policy would not be applicable to them as a control measure. This leads us to the second question: What could possibly replace the interest rate for Islamic banks? In reply, the paper suggests what it calls a leverage control rate (LCR) as an addition to Central Banks’ credit control arsenal. The proposed rate is derived from the sharing of profit ratio in Islamic banking. It is contended that the new measure has an edge over the old fashioned interest rate instrument which it can in fact replace with advantage. It can possibly be a common measure in a dual system.

Objective: We examined the association between uric acid and glycemic status by the aspects of age and sex. Methods: The retrospective was performed study at Okmeydanı Educate and Research Hospital. All data were obtained from the patient records. Only one sam­ple of HbA1c or glucose measurement within a year was included. To evaluate the pattern of glucose control, we categorized the patients according to HbA1c levels and grouped them according to a range of values. HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, routine biochemistry parameters were determined by photometric method. Results: Serum uric acid levels showed an increasing trend with the age in female group and this trend became significant after 30 years old (p<0.001). The significant ef­fect of HbA1c and gender on uric acid levels were deter­mined in the subjects having no renal failure. There was a significant increase of uric acid levels in prediabetics than normal group and decrease in unregulated diabetics. But in both sex groups the pattern of changing was different. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that age is an im­portant factor examining the serum uric acid levels of fe­male subjects. The peak values of serum uric acid were detected in prediabetic group in males but in females this peak point was diabetic group. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (1): 1-6

Bu çalışmada bilyeli dövme uygulanmış AA1050 malzemenin metalografik incelemesi yapılmıştır. Bilyeli dövme işleminde S230, S330 ve S460 bilyeler seçilmiştir. Bilyeli dövme işlemi hazırlanan numunelere uygulanmıştır. Bilyeli dövme işlemi uygulanmadan önce ısıl işlem yapılmıştır. Metalografik incelemeler sonucunda AA1050 malzemede oluşan deformasyon etkisiyle içyapıda ve yüzey kalitesinde değişmeler gözlenmiştir. Bilye çaplarındaki büyüme dövülen bölgede deforme olan tabaka kalınlığında artışa sebep olmuştur. AA1050 malzemede bilyeli dövme işlemi sonucunda aşırı plastik deformasyona uğramış bölgelerin yer yer hasara uğradığı tespit edilmiştir.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the consumption of bee products and honey and also determine consumption habits and awareness of bee products in some selected province in Turkey. The main material of the study was formed by the original survey data which were collected from randomly selected 1112 people from Batman, Bursa, Diyarbakır, Erzincan, Kayseri, Kırşehir, Mersin, Muğla, Muş, Ordu, and Samsun as random provinces in 2014. The data in the study were examined in two parts. The first part consisted of the consumption habits and awareness of honey, whereas the preferences of individuals usage of bee product such as pollen, propolis, royal jelly and bee venom were examined in the second part. Multivariate logistic regression model was applied for each section including variables data for bee products. According to the survey, it was found that 39.6% of consumers consumed honey between 0-500 grams on a monthly basis. 51.2% of consumers bought honey from beekeepers, and 41% of them stated that they received from the market and bazaar. 5.9% of consumers believe the advertisement on television about bee product. 45.8% of consumers using honey stated that they could understand the quality of the honey. The proportion of consumers who kept a trademark for bee products was determined as 52.7%. Age of the consumer, honey that where consumers bought, honey brand preference and convincing of honey advertisement were significant for P<0.05. Also education level, monthly income, honey type preferences and affected by honey advertisement conditions were significant for 0.01. Awareness of propolis, pollen, bee venom and royal jelly was determined as 28.2%, 22.9%, 56.8% and 23.3%, respectively. In conclusion, despite the consumers were relatively well-informed about the benefits of bee products, it was showed that there were serious problems with confidence against this products.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension among 15-49 years-old house-wives in Fazilet Uluisik Health District in Konya. This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 12447 women aged 15-49 years were included in study who were resident in that health district. 576 participants were selected by cluster sampling method. The prevalence of hypertension was 40.5%. Risk factors for hypertension were being older than 35 years of age, and also being below the primary school education level and no smoking. Among hypertensives, 23.1% were aware of their hypertension, 10.3% were treated, and 5.5% were controlled. The rates of awareness, were higher in over 35 years of age, maried-widowed women and being below the primary school education level. The results showed that the prevalence of hypertension was high in Konya in 15-49 age group. The detection and control of hypertension is unsatisfactory among womens. There is need to implement an effective community based programme. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2007; 6(1.000): 51-58]

Kasidahs that its subject is pen and generally written with penredif are called as Kalem kasidahs or Kalemiyyah in Turkish classicalliterature. Kalem kasidahs (Kalemiyyahs) are very important type inTurkish Literature. It occupies very important status because it istalking about Kalem. Impression and mentality of poets relating tokalem are put forward in this type of kasidahs, especially in the firstsections that have been entitled as nesib and tesbib. In this article, therole of kalem in Turkish-Islamic culture and civilization wasdiscussed primarily and then seven kalemiyyahs that was acquiredover viewing as many as hundred Turkish divan texts was analyzed. Joint points were determined in this poetries and content wasobserved.

AbstractThis study examines the life and studies of Fariduddin Attar. In the first part of the study the life of Attar, which was not known very exactly, is examined. However, we know that he was martyred during the Mongol invasion in Anatolia. In the second part of the study, the studies of Feridüddin Attar examined generally, but his famous study, Tazkirat al-awliya, and the different studies about Turkish translations of it examined in detail.ÖzetBu çalışmada Feridüddin Attâr’ın Hayatı ve eserleri ele alınıp incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle eserlerinden hareketle Feridüddin Attâr’ın hayatı aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Feridüddin Attâr’ın doğum ve ölüm tarihleri çok net bilinmemekle beraber, Anadolu’da Moğol istilası döneminde şehit edildiği bilinmektedir. Çalışmada Feridüddin Attâr’ın eserleri hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra özellikle Tezkiretü’l-Evliyâsı’nın bilinen tercümeleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ele alınmıştır.Farîd al-Dîn Attâr et son Tadhkira al-awliyâRésuméDans ce travail, on va étudier la vie et l’œuvre de Farîd al-Dîn Attâr. Tout d’abord, on va étudier sa vie à partir de ses propres œuvres. On ne connait pas exactement la date de sa naissance et celle de sa mort, mais on sait qu’il a été tué lors de l’invasion mongole en Anatolie. Puis on va donner des informations concernant ses œuvres et plus particulièrement sur les traductions de son ouvrage s’intitulant Tadhkira al-awliyâ.

It is obvious that social, economic and technologic developments of 20th century result in a number of new changes and transformations on urban spaces. Today cities are far from their traditional patterns and reflect new developing identity to physical spaces. The basic aim of this study which is assuming “every city and every era has an identity” is to display Konya’s old and new identity through the analysis of historical period and to develop effective suggestions for developing and sustaining the present identity of the city. According to this aim, in the scope of the study, first of all Konya’s changing identity was examined in the historical period and displayed old and new identity formations of the city. With these research, it was seen that Konya city stand out with three different districts which are come from the historic period, differ in properties of man-made environment and which acquire a shape with today’s different plan decisions. On the next stage of the study, one neighborhood (Hacı Şaban, Piri Mehmet Paşa and Feritpaşa neighborhoods) from each district (Meram, Karatay and Selçuklu) which reflects the general pattern and identity of the district were selected as sample areas. In these selected neighborhoods visual analysis were done in accordance with man-made environment identity components that were come from the theoretical approach to display the different identity elements of the districts. Subsequently, a total of 384 questionnaire interview which reflects %0.05 sampling ratio were done with the users of the selected neighborhoods to understand how the users perceive their environment, what is the positive and negative man-made identity elements of the neighborhood, what is the requests/appreciations of the users related to the subject and to develop suggestions for the future of the city identity. For questionnaire interviews random and systematic sampling techniques were used. The results that come from the interviews were evaluated with frequency distribution analysis and content analysis techniques. In conclusion of the study some suggestions for possible future plan and projects were developed on behalf of Konya’s man-made environment identity. All these man-made environment identity elements are important for developing urban identity and making alive the urban image.

Objectives: This study aimed to research the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and to examine the flow characteristics of the radial and ulnar arteries in diabetic patients with CTS. Methods: A total of 23 diabetic hands diagnosed with CTS from electrophysiological evaluation (DM-CTS), 47 asymptomatic diabetic hands (DM) and 50 healthy hands (C) as the control group were evaluated with high resolution ultrasonography. The median nerve was measured in the cross-sectional area (CSA), flattening ratio (FR) and at the level of the carpal tunnel inlet [proximal (p)] and the wrist crease [distal (d)]. The radial and ulnar arteries were evaluated with both hands in a neutral position. Results: In the DM-CTS group, the CSA-p and CSA-d values were statistically signficantly greater compared to the DM and C groups (p<0.01). The FR-p in the DM-CTS group was statistically significantly greater than that of the C groups (p<0.01). In the ROC curve analysis, CSA-p ≥ 9.5 mm2 (AUC 0.84; sensitivity 78.3% and specificity 88%) and CSA-d ≥ 9.5 mm2 (AUC 0.78; sensitivity 73.9% and specificity 84%) were very strong predictors of the DM-CTS hand. In the Doppler examination, no difference was determined between the groups in terms of flow volume, peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity and resistive index measurements of both radial and ulnar arteries (p>0.05). The radial artery diameter was determined to be statistically significantly greater in the DM-CTS group than the C group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The median nerve CSA is significantly greater in diabetic CTS patients compared to patients with diabetes only and healthy controls. In the evaluation of CTS in diabetic patients, CSA measured with ultrasonography may be a diagnostic tool. J Clin Exp Invest 2014; 5 (2): 179-185

Parks and gardens are always the important places for us. During our history, they have creatured the culturel communication environments, universalizing the artistic and aesthetic consciousness, enabling to develop the protecting awareness of the ecological balance, helping people getting rid from crowded cities and distressing mood and have enabled to stay cheek by jowl with the nature in this places, the designs entwined with nature and artistic works are now a days very important. We are able to see the use of the common and advanced form of parks and gardens from 1960 to the present and their examples made for various purposes in many countries of the world. Today, in our country and around the world, a lot of ceramic artists have been still producing realistic, stylizedor abstract sculptures, monuments, benches, wallboards, birdhouses, pools, fountains and waterjets on behalf of park-garden and these ceramics support contemporary architecture, interiordesign, landscape architecture, urban and regional planning areas and these are functional and decorative ceramics. In our country, compared to cities in other European countries, the production of the ceramics such as parks-gardens are insufficient except for big cities such as İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara. But in this context Eskişehir has a privileged place. Eskişehir is a city of art. Because the city has ceramic works, having been produced in the International Terra Cotta Symposium since 2001 and the city has been decorated these ceramic Works in many public gardens and parking area. This symposium has been arranged by Eskişehir Anadolu University Faculty of Fine Arts Professor Bilgehan Uzuner.

Clinical findings during the postpartum period include headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits, fluctuation in conscious, and visual complaints (blurred vision, reduced visual acuity, visual field defects, and cortical blindness). A 31 years old woman was pregnant at 37th gestational week and evaluated for her findings of headache, nausea, vomiting, seizure, tendency to sleep and hypertension. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found to be consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as well as venous sinus thrombosis. In conclusion, since their treatment are distinct, possibility of presence of both clinical diagnoses should be kept in mind in the case of headache and/or focal deficits and seizure occurring during the post-partum period.

<p>The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of Swissball and Elastic band exercises on the quality of life (SF-36) and some physical parameters of elderly people aged over 65 years old. Volunteer elderly women who were living in resting house in Mugla divided as exercise gruop (N=10) and control group (N=10).</p><p>The participants were performed physical fitness tests (flexibility, muscle strength, getup go, functional reach, and body weight) and questionaired with SF-36 before starting exercise session and after that. Exercise group was participated 12 week exercise session 40 minutes during three days in a week while control group was not participate physical activity. Wilcoxan Sign Rank test was used for compare pre and post tests results for both exercise and control groups (P&lt;0.05).  In exercise group, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in flexibility, balance, reaction time, muscle strength (p&lt;0.05).  Moreover, there were significant differences in subscales of SF-36 questionnaire in physical function, general health, social function, mental health, physical health and total score of SF-36 questionnaire, while there were no statistical differences in control group.</p><p>As a result, 12 weeks swissball and theraband exercises can have positive effects on physical fitness levels and quality of lifes of elderly women aged over 65 years old.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu çalışmanın amacı, 65 yaş üstü yaşlılarda elastik bant ve swissball egzersizlerinin yaşam kalitesi, düşme riski ve bazı fiziksel uygunluk değerlerine etkisini araştırmaktır. Muğla İli Merkez Huzurevlerinde yaşayan 65 yaş üzeri gönüllü kadın katılımcı deney (N=10) ve kontrol (N=10) gruplarını oluşturmuştur. Çalışma öncesi ve sonrası katılımcılara fiziksel uygunluk testleri (Esneklik, kas kuvveti, kalk-yürü testi, fonksiyonel uzanma, reaksiyon zamanı) ile yaşam kalitesi (SF-36) anketi uygulanmıştır. Deney ve kontrol gruplarından egzersiz grubu haftada 3 gün ve 40 dakika süren 12 haftalık swissball ve elastik band egzersizlerine katılmış kontrol grubu ise hiçbir fiziksel aktiviteye katılmamıştır. Değişkenlerin ön ve son test ortalamalarını test etmek için non-parametrik testlerden Wilcoxan Sign Ranked (paired) testi uygulanmıştır (p&lt;0.05). Deney grubu ön test ve son test ölçüm sonuçlarına göre esneklik, denge (kalk-yürü, fonksiyonel uzanma), reaksiyon ( ışığa karşı), sağ el kavrama kuvveti’ değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.05). Egzersiz grubunun, SF-36 yaşam kalitesini alt birimlerinde Fiziksel Fonksiyon, Genel Sağlık, Sosyal Fonksiyon, Mental Sağlık, Fiziksel Sağlık ve SF36 toplam skorunda istatistiksel olarak (p&lt;0.05) düzeyinde anlamlı farklılıklar kaydedilirken, kontrol grubunun fiziksel uygunluk değerleri ve SF 36 anketlerinde anlamlı bir farka rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak; 12 haftalık elastik bant ve swisball egzersizleri hem bedensel hem de yaşam kalitesi açısından yaşlı bireylerde olumlu değişimlere neden olabilmektedir.</p>

Injection laryngoplasty is one of the treatment options for voice problems. In the recent years, more safe and more biocompatible injection materials are available on the market. Long and short term injection materials are discussed in this review.

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Intussusception of the appendix is a rare condition. As the symptoms can mixed with acute apandicitis, the diagnosis is difficult both clinically and radiologically at the preoperative period. This article reports a case of appendiceal intussusception who was presented as acute abdomen. Although diagnostic imaging was improved, sometimes preoperative findings are not enough helpful for the diagnosis. Therefore doctors should consider alternative diagnosis such as appendicitis, tumor in addition to intussusception at acute abdomen . [Cukurova Med J 2012; 37(4.000): 238-242]

&nbsp; The most prevalent tumours of the heart are the metastatic tumours. The lung carcinoma is the most frequent metastatic tumour of the heart and it rarely causes symptoms. The symptoms vary according to the localization of the metastasis. In this paper, we present a case, in whom bronchogenic lung carcinoma caused cardiac tamponade by severely compressing the right ventricle via metastasis into the pericardium.

In this study, changes of specific fuel consumption and exhaust emmission values of chemical produced nitromethane are compared with values of gasoline fuel. In motor tests conducted at full load, gasoline mixture including % 5 nitromethane yield decreased specific fuel consumption value of 3200 min-1 and low engine speed of % 6,18 percentage. On the other hand, engine power is increased. While CO and HC emissions were observed to be less than gasoline, CO2 and NOx emissions remained to be increased. In performed tests, it is also observed that when mixing nitromethane with % 10 more gasoline, over knocking and unstable motor behavior is observed.

This paper describes the determination of shape and surface texture characteristics of different mineralogical type and shape (both angular and round) of fine aggregates which were received from fourteen different sources. The ASTM C1252 methods (methods A, B, and C) were used to determine the uncompacted void content of fine aggregates. The compacted aggregate resistance (CAR) test was also conducted on the same group of fine aggregates with as received and standard gradation as well as on the aggregate blends (M0, M25, M50, M75, M100) to provide a more performance-based aggregate parameter. In this way, the CAR test and ASTM C 1252 methods for evaluating the shape and surface texture characteristics of fine aggregates can be compared.

Aim: To evaluate the association between urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary metabolites. Material and Method: Eighty children aged below 14 years old who were following for recurrent UTI were enrolled into the study. Urinary calcium (Uca), oxalate (Uox), citrate (Ucit) and cysteine (Ucis) levels were studied in 24 hours urine samples. Hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia were identified according to the reference values. The positivity of sodium nitroprussid test was accepted as cystinuria. The results were compared between patients and control groups involving thirty children. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of renal scarring (RS) on radionuclide scan. The similar comparisons were made between the subgroups. Results: There was no significant difference between the ratios of hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia and cystinuria in patient and control groups (p> 0.05). Uox/Ucr levels were significantly increased in patients compared to controls (p= 0.001) whereas Uca/Ucr and Ucit/Ucr levels were similar among study groups (p= 0. 082 and p= 0.466). There was no significant difference between RS (-) and RS ( ) groups for hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and cystinuria (p> 0.05). Discussion: The increase in urinary excretion of oxalate might be a risk factor for UTI. There was no evidence regarding that urinary metabolic abnormalities such as hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and cystinuria have affected the development of RS in the setting of UTI.

OBJECTIVE: Evoked potentials are used in the functional assessment of sensory and motor pathways. Conflicting results have been reported in different studies about the value of evoked potentials in demyelinating diseases. Over 80% of patients with multiple sclerosis present with a relapsing–remitting form of the disease. In this study we aimed to examine the value of each evoked potential to demonstrate the demyelinating lesions in a homogenous group of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. We also aimed to examine the correlation between clinical status and evoked potential abnormalities. METHODS: Twenty patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and ten healthy volunteers were included in the study to evaluate the value of evoked potentials in a homogenous group. Visual, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were measured and EDSS scores of the patients were calculated. RESULTS: Of 20 patients, 15 patients(75%) had VEP abnormality, 14 patients (70%) had MEP abnormality and 12 patients (60%) had tibial SEP abnormality. All patients had at least one abnormal evoked potential measurement. The abnormality of evoked potentials also had a correlation with high EDSS scores. CONCLUSION: We concluded that evoked potentials, especially used in combination, are good markers to show the nervous damage in patients with multiple sclerosis.

The basic aim of this study is to determine the success levels of algebraic reasoning skills of the seventh grade students in secondary schools. The quantitative research method has been used in the study and the Algebraic Reasoning Evaluation Tool (ARET), which was developed by Kaya (2015), was used in the study as the data collection tool. This tool consists of seven dimensions and is intended for determining the algebraic reasoning skills of the students. The ARET consists of 38 questions, 16 of which are multiple choice questions and 22 of which are open-ended questions. The study group consisted of 146 students in total, 76 of whom were males and 70 of whom were females studying at the seventh grades of a secondary school at the city center of İzmir. When the descriptive analysis results are examined, it is observed that the test points of the students in terms of recognizing and using algebraic structures/relations, using the algebraic expressions of the same data, determining the proper algebraic reasoning, making deductions on algebraic expressions, making algebraic operations for the purpose of deduction, deciding on the accuracy of the result and the solution way, and solving problems that are not routine were at lower levels or at the medium levels. When all the sub-dimensions of the study are considered, no meaningful relations are found between the algebraic reasoning skills of the female and male students. [Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, ortaokul yedinci sınıf öğrencilerinin cebirsel muhakeme becerilerine yönelik başarı düzeylerini belirlemektir. Nicel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği çalışmada, veri toplama aracı olarak öğrencilerin cebirsel muhakeme becerilerini belirlemeye yönelik yedi boyuttan oluşan ve Kaya (2015) tarafından geliştirilen Cebirsel Muhakeme Değerlendirme Aracı (CMDA) kullanılmıştır. CMDA 16 tanesi çoktan seçmeli, 22 tanesi açık uçlu olmak üzere toplam 38 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, İzmir merkezinde bulunan bir ortaokulunda yedinci sınıfta okuyan 76 erkek, 70 kız olmak üzere toplam 146 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Betimsel analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde; öğrencilerin cebirsel yapıları/ilişkileri tanıma ve kullanma becerileri dışında aynı verinin farklı cebirsel ifadelerini kullanma, uygun cebirsel muhakemeyi belirleme, cebirsel ifadelere yönelik çıkarımda bulunma, çıkarıma yönelik cebirsel işlemler yapma, sonucun doğruluğuna ve çözüm yoluna karar verme ile rutin olmayan problemleri çözme becerilerine ait test puanlarının düşük veya orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Tüm alt boyutlar dikkate alındığında ise kız ve erkek öğrencilerin cebirsel muhakeme becerileri arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.]

Capital Journal has published “Turkey’s Most Admired Companies” list on the basis of several parameters since 1999. This study aims to investigate whether the relationship between the several financial indicators of the companies which have been continuously listed in the admired list and processed İstanbul Stock Exchange Market (ISE) and interest of investors to the stocks of these companies. The financial indicators, which have been associated with investor numbers as using a indicator of interest of investors, are leverage ratio, market to book value ratio, net profit margin and sales size. The achieved results for the admired companies portfolio have been compared with the results of the market portfolio which has consisted of manufacturing companies that have been continuously processed in ISE. A significantly negative relation between market to book value ratio for t period and interest of investors for t+1 period has been found for both portfolios in this study by using panel data analysis. The relation between net profit margin and interest of investors is significantly positive for the market portfolio but there is not any significant relation for the admired companies portfolio.

<p>Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) are one of the most diverse families of herbivorous insects. Many of them are important agricultural pests and cause remarkable loss of crop and money as well. Plant leaves and roots are primary food source of both larva and adults of leaf beetles. Plants produce many secondary metabolites in reaction to herbivore insects. It is a well-known phenomenon that quantity and variety of secondary metabolites in plant leaves may change in response to insect attacks. Herbivore insects have to deal with such defensive secondary chemicals and overcome either by detoxifying or storing them. Accordingly, many specialist herbivores coevolved with their host plant. Certain phenolic glycosides may reduce leaf beetle feeding. Condensed tannins are anti-herbivore defenses against leaf chewing beetles, including leaf beetles. Flavonoid compounds are feeding deterrents for many flea leaf beetles. Cinnamic acid derivatives are other known feeding deterrents for leaf beetles. Secondary metabolites quantity and nutritional quality of host plants are not only important for feeding but also for providing enemy-free space and suitable oviposition sites.</p>

Fracture splitting method is an innovative processing technique in the field of automobile engine connecting rod (con/rod) manufacturing. Compared with traditional method, this technique has remarkable advantages. Manufacturing procedures, equipment and tools investment can be decreased and energy consumption reduced remarkably. Furthermore, product quality and bearing capability can also be improved. It provides a high quality, high accuracy and low cost route for producing connecting rods (con/rods). With the many advantages mentioned above, this method has attracted manufacturers attention and has been utilized in many types of con/rod manufacturing. In this article, the method and the advantages it provides, such as materials, notches for fracture splitting, fracture splitting conditions and fracture splitting equipment are discussed in detail. The paper describes an analysis of examination of fracture splitting parameters and optik-SEM fractography of C70S6 crackable connectıng rod. Force and velocity parameters are investigated. That uniform impact force distrubition starting from the starting notch causes brittle and cleavage failure mode is obtained as a result. This induces to decrease the toughness.

Born in İstanbul on 25 May 1917, Gavsi Ozansoy is the son of oneof the most important figures of Turkish Literature Halid Fahri Ozansoyas well as being a poet and author. He published his poems and storiesfor a long time in the magazine of “Servetifünun-Uyanış” in which hisfather worked as the editor in chief. He became the leading figure of themovement, so called as “Tasfiye Hareketi” (Clearance Movement) inliterature, by publishing an article titled “Tasfiye Lazım” (Clearance isRequired) in 1940. The “Tasfiye Hareketi” (Clearance Movement) becamevery short-term-movement, despite these young authors proved theirideas with their publishings with only few of them proved to be farbetter than the old ones. No matter how ineffective it was in terms of itsreasons, the “Tasfiye Hareketi” (Clearance Movement) gave way to newapproaches in literature with its conclusions. Some of the artworks ofthe young artists of the term‟s Tasfiye Hareketi provided them anopportunity to better promote themselves and their ability with theclaim of refreshment. In this sense, Tasfiye Hareketi prepared thegrounds for the following Garip movement.Rather than being a poet and author, Gavsi Ozansoy was moreknown with his journalist charasteristic. In addition to the poems andstories published in the Uyanış (awakening) Magazine, Ozansoy becomeprominent by hıs speeches and the literary interviews with the famouspoets and authors of the Tasfiye Hareketi (Clearance Movement) of 1940after a long time. <br>

Air flow characteristics inside an office room, containing one person and office furniture, was investigated numerically under various ventilation conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used for the solution of the steady two-dimensional conservation equations. Results were presented in the form of velocity vectors and temperature contours together with quantitative velocity and temperature distributions. Effects due to the occupants, inlet/outlet locations, inlet velocity, and winter/summer conditions on the airflow were examined. From the present numerical predictions it can be shown that occupants significantly alter the indoor air movement and hence affect comfort conditions.

In this study, Pell, Pell-Lucas and Modified Pell numbers are investigated. Using Binet formulas for these sequences, some relations among these sequences are obtained. Also, some sum formulas are given by these properties.

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate that PON2, in hypoxia and normoxia in relation to HIF-1α transcription factor that has a role in tumour angiogenesis. Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor which is sensitive to hypoxia, causes initiation of angiogenesis and metastasis by providing transcription of numerous genes. As well as hypoxia several inflammatory agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can regulate the expression of HIF-1α as well as PON2. Oxidative stress is known to have role in cancer. Paraoxonase 2 which is one of the members of paraoxonase family serves as intracellular anti-oxidant. Methods: H1299, A549 ve PC14 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines used in this study. Cells were cultured under hypoxia and normoxia conditions with LPS stimulation. HIF-1α and PON2 mRNA expression levels measured by real-time PCR. Western blot studies were performed for protein expression. Results: In this study, it was observed that LPS treatment stimulates HIF-1α expression which increases PON2 expression in NSCLC cell line in under hxpoxia conditions. Conclusion: This study shows that PON2 is regulated by HIF-1α in hypoxia and inflammation. The relationship between hypoxia and inflammation and oxidative status of cells requires further studies.

The aim of this study is to research the effects of creative drama technique on writing anxiety. Semi-experimental pattern with pretest-endtest control group was used in research. Test group of the study consists of 44 first class students who studying the firs intruction and control group of the study consists of 43 first class students who studying the second intruction from Atatürk University Kâzım Karabekir Education Faculty English Education Department. The data of the study were obtained with Writing Anxiety Scale (YKÖ) prepared by Yaman (2010). Analysis of the data was used (unrelated) t test and (related) t test. The end of the study, it was understood that creative drama technique has a positive effect on the writing anxiety.

Great advances in science and technology have positive reflections on organizations. This brought competition between the organizations, with respect to their products and services. This competition brought positive results for the organizations, and differences occured in their management comprehension; because customer satisfaction is regarded as the most essential issue. Certainly Total Quality Management (TQM) is one of the most important differences. Today TQM is applied commonly in the organizations of developed countries. Information centers which aim to provide services to satisfy user (customer) needs are among these organizations. TQM applications in information centers are mentioned and discussed in the present study.

We have reviwed that there is a dramatic increase in the frequency of hand-foot-mouth disease at Dermatovenerology Department of İstanbul Medical Faculty in June 2013 compared to previous years. When we compared these data with those of June 2011, we have determined a significant difference statistically. We have learned from the authorities of City Health Administrative that they had not been reported about this issue. Although it is difficult to comment based on the data of a single clinic, we want to draw attention that there is a possibility for epidemic disease and a need for national data about this disease.

<p><em>Abstract</em>- The aim of this study was to find out more information on the acquisition of counting skill in preschool children. For this purpose, children’s judgment of acceptability of a counting activity was used to investigate whether children’s counting skills are governed by their implicit knowledge of a number of counting principles. Data showed that children easily recognized the violation of one or more counting principles in a one’s application of counting principles in sequences of English and Turkish count words, implying that children have the understanding of counting principles. The sessions on counting in Turkish make it very likely that the children were responding to violations of rules rather than merely violation of well-learning of count words. These results give additional support to the assumption that there are innate counting principles that rule young children’s counting.</p> <p><em>Keywords</em>: counting principles, error-detection task, mathematical development.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><em>Özet- </em><em>Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Sayma İlkeleri.</em> Bu çalışmada çocukların bir sayma etkinliğinin geçerli olup olmadığı hakkındaki yargıları kullanılarak, sayma becerisinin doğuştan sahip olunan bir dizi örtük ilkeler tarafından yönlendirilip yönlendirilmediği incelenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, bir grup okul öncesi çocuklardan videodan izledikleri bir aktör çocuğun hem anadilinde (İngilizce) hem de bilmedikleri bir yabancı dilde (Türkçe) yaptığı farklı hatalar içeren sayma serilerinin doğru veya yanlış olup olmadığı belirtmesi istenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar çocukların sayma etkinliklerine rehberlik eden doğuştan getirdikleri örtük “sayma ilkelerine” sahip olduklarına ilişkin görüşleri destekler yönündedir. Örneğin, gerek İngilizce gerekse Türkçe sayma serilerinde, “standart (doğru) sayma” serisi diğer tüm serilere göre anlamlı ölçüde “doğru” bir sayma olarak değerlendirilirken, Türkçe sayma serilerinde sayılan serideki son nesne için söylenilen sayma sözcüğünün doğru miktarı belirtenden farklı olması çocuklar tarafından başarılı bir şekilde tespit edilememiştir. Bu bulgular bize çocukların büyük bir olasılıkla ezberledikleri sayı sözcük dizilerindeki hatalardan çok, sayma etkinliği sırasında yapılan kural ihlallerine tepki verdiğini göstermektedir.</p> <p><em>Anahtar Kelimeler: </em>sayma ilkeleri, hata-bulma görevi, matematiksel gelişim</p>

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ergenlik dönemindeki öğrencilerin dijital ve matbu metinleri okumaya yönelik tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Balıkesir, Malatya, Antalya, Kahramanmaraş, Ankara illerinde 8, 9, 10, 11 ve 12. sınıflarda okuyan toplam 1119 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma betimsel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak McKenna, Conradi, Lawrence, Jang and Meyer (2012) tarafından geliştirilen, Baştuğ ve Keskin (2013) tarafından Türkçe uyarlanan Ergenlik Dönemi Okuma Tutumu Ölçeği ve kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi Bağımsız Gruplara t- Testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) ile yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ergenlik dönemi öğrencilerinin dijital okuma tutumlarının, matbu okumaya göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın diğer alt problemlerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, ergenlik dönemi dijital okuma tutumlarının cinsiyete, sınıf düzeyine, anne-baba eğitim durumuna, aile içi kitap durumuna, öğrencinin kitap okuma süresine, babanın mesleğine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği, ancak annenin mesleğine göre farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ergenlik dönemi matbu okuma tutumlarının cinsiyete, sınıflara, annenin eğitim durumuna, aile içi kitap durumuna, öğrencinin kitap okuma süresine göre farklılık gösterdiği, ancak babanın eğitim durumu ve anne-baba mesleğine göre anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

<p>Şîî gelenekte imâmet anlayışı, birtakım sosyokültürel ve tarihi şartların etkisiyle uzun bir değişim süreci yaşamakta; bu süreç içerisinde ilk öğretiden oldukça farklı bir itikadî yapı ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Şîa’ya mensup olan İsmâilîliğin Fâtımî kolu da Ubeydullah el-Mehdî’nin öğretide gerçekleştirdiği birtakım değişiklikler sebebiyle imâmet öğretisinde ciddi bir krizle karşılaşmıştır. Bu makalede, Ubeydullah el-Mehdî’nin sebep olduğu krizin, Fâtımîler’in ilk asrında imâmetle ilgili hangi tartışmalara ve itikadî dönüşümlere sebebiyet verdiği konusu tartışılacaktır.</p>

<p>In present study, length-weight relationship, length-length relationship and condition factor values were calculated for 11 freshwater fish species of Büyükçekmece Reservoir. Fish specimens were collected by gillnets having different mesh size between March 2009 and February 2010, monthly. The values of the exponent <em>b</em> of the length–weight relationships varied between 2.727±0.020 and 3.381±0.001. The lowest mean condition factor was estimated 0.74±0.08 for <em>C. taenia </em>while the highest value was recorded as 1.72±0.15 in <em>C. gibelio</em>.</p>

This study in which the comparison of the effects of the instrumants which are used by teachers to marches, folk and school songs studied in second level primary schools is an experimental study. This study's experimental pattern is the ''pretest - finaltest single grupped model'' which is among the real attempt models whose scientific degree is the highest.Students from Karacihan Primary School were chosen in order to build the working group of the study.Analysing the primary education lesson cirruculum, checking the helping sourses and taking oppinions of experts, 3 folk songs, 3 marches and 3 school songs level with eachother were composed.''Configured behaviour ability observation form'' has been built in order to find the effects of instruments in choosen songs which are going to be used during lessons.Configured behaviour ability observation form was filled up and final test datas was obtained end of the nine week song teaching. Fivehold scale type has been used in the configured behaviour ability observation form for determine the students songs learning level. Datas which obtained from experiments was evaluated with using Spss statistical program, t-test, one way Annova and Scheffe test.According to conclusion of the study, using classical guitar as the teacher's instrument will be more sufficient than using flute or another instrumant in teaching of folk and school songs.

In this article, relationships belonging to previous period thanoccurance of a word; namely word theory are emphasized. Ogden andRichards, expressed these, this relationship between word and meaning,there is no connection between words and referents exist in outer world,on the other hand there are direct relationships between objects andnotion, words and notion by drawing model of semantic triangle in theirwork The Meaning and Meaning.In the model of semantic triangle, word is just considered with asemantic point of view, its phonetic structure is ignored. In linguistictics,in spite of the model of semantic triangle’s being inadequate, it is moresuitable that model of (türümsel) rhombus for formalize logicalfundamentals of language in terms of scientific facts. <br> <br> Bu makalede, kelime teorisinden yani; bir kelimenin meydanagelmesinden önceki döneme ait ilişkilerin üzerinde durulmaktadır. Ogdenve Richards, The Meaning of Meaning çalışmasında kelime ile anlamarasındaki bu ilişkiyi, dış dünyadaki göndergelerle sözcükler arasında birbağlantının olmadığını buna karşılık nesnelerle kavram, kavramlasözcükler arasında doğrudan bir bağlantının olduğunu semantik üçgenmodelini çizerek göstermişlerdir.Semantik üçgen modelinde kelimeye sadece semantik açıdanbakılmakta onun ses yapısı göz ardı edilmektedir. Dil biliminde, semantiküçgen modelinin yetersiz oluşuna karşılık, dilin mantıki temelininşekillendirilmesinde türümsel eşkenar dörtgen modeli ilmî açıdan dahauygundur.

<span>Companies, in particular e-commerce companies, aims to increase customer satisfaction, hence in turn increase their profits, using recommender systems. Recommender Systems are widely used nowadays and they provide strategic advantages to the companies that use them. These systems consist of different stages. In the first stage, the similarities between the active user and other users are computed using the user-product ratings matrix. Then, the neighbors of the active user are found from these similarities. In prediction calculation stage, the similarities computed at the first stage are used to generate the weight vector of the closer neighbors. Neighbors affect the prediction value by the corresponding value of the weight vector. In this study, we developed two new methods for the prediction calculation stage which is the last stage of collaborative filtering. The performance of these methods are measured with evaluation metrics used in the literature and compared with other studies in this field.</span>

In this work, extracts from the tazkira of Bughra, a typical text ofthe term Post-Classical Chagatay written in Arabic script is analysedfrom a philological perspective for Turkish language researches. At firstin the work, the text is divided into lines and each line is numerated inorder to analyse the dialectology of the text properly. In this form,transcription from the Arabic script to Latin script is prepared.Additionally, various determinations are made on some grammarelements and dialectology of the text and also the text is translated intoTurkey Turkish. <br> <br> Bu çalışmada, tipik Klasik Dönem Sonrası Çağatayca özelliklerigösteren Arap harfli Buğra Tezkiresi’nden Parçalar, Türk dili araştırmalarıaçısından filolojik bir bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Öncelikle çalışmada,metnin dil özelliklerinin uygun bir şekilde incelenmesi amacıyla metinsatırlara bölünmüş ve her satır numaralandırılmış; bu düzen içindemetnin, Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine transkripsiyonuhazırlanmıştır. İlâveten, metinde geçen bazı gramer unsurları ve dilözellikleri üzerine çeşitli tespitler yapılmış ve ayrıca metin TürkiyeTürkçesine tercüme edilmiştir.

The entrepreneurship which has been understood so late as an important concept in Economics is a center of economic development at the present day. The entrepreneurship is seen the power of economic growth and improvement. Therefore the way which Turkish entrepreneur class followed is important for Turkish economic history. The aim of this study is to analysis economic thought and economic politics that affects evolution of entrepreneur class from 1923 to 1929 which is the period named Liberal Term.   Özet İktisat bilimi içerisinde önemi geç anlaşılan girişimcilik kavramı günümüzde iktisadi gelişmenin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Girişimcilik ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın motoru olarak görülmektedir. Bu açıdan Türk girişimci sınıfının izlediği yol, Türk İktisat tarihinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Liberal dönem olarak da adlandırılan, Cumhuriyet’in kuruluşundan 1929’a kadar geçen süre zarfında, girişimci sınıfın gelişimini etkileyen düşünce ortamınının ve uygulanan politikaların değerlendirilmesidir.

The purpose of this study was to explore middle school teachers’ and students’ view about the secondary school entrance examinations (OKS and SBS). With this respect, the students’ and the teachers’ opinions about the necessity of the examinations, process of preparing for the examination, the students’ reactions to the others’ approaches to the examination, and the effects of the examinations on the students’ personal, social and academic lives were investigated. Qualitative research method was used in this descriptive study. The sample of the study included 24 middle school teachers and 65 middle school students from 6th to 8th grades. The data was collected by a semi-structured interview form. According to the results approximately half of both students and teachers reported that the secondary school entrance examinations (OKS) were necessary, whereas this rate was very low during the period of SBS. Majority of the students reported that they were listening to the lessons during school hours and were taking educational tests outside school hours in order to prepare for the exams. Finally majority of both students and teachers reported that test taking is a major source of stress and have a negative impact on the students’ social lives.

Levetiracetam, an antiepileptic medication with a novel mechanism of action, is approved as adjunctive therapy in partial-onset seizures, with or without secondary generalization. It has been suggested that levetiracetam could be used for the treatment of dystonia. Although it is usually well tolerated, it can cause some adverse reactions such as fatigue, nervousness, irritability, agitation and vertigo. Weight loss is a rare side effect of levetiracetam. The mechanisms of weight loss related to levetiracetam are not precisely known. In this report, we present the case of a 21-year-old patient who experienced weight loss associated with low-dose levetiracetam used for the treatment of dystonia.

<p>Sosyal medya ortamlarından Blogger ve Facebook, kullanım kolaylığı ve ücretsiz olması nedeniyle yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Söz konusu ağların eğitimi desteklemek amacıyla kullanımı ve bu konudaki araştırmaların giderek arttığı dikkate alındığında söz konusu uygulamalara ilişkin bir örnek durumun incelenmesi ve öğrenen tepkilerinin ortaya çıkartılmaya çalışılması önemli görülmektedir.  Bu doğrultuda uygulaması 14 hafta süren araştırmanın amacı; öğrenenlerin öğretme-öğrenme sürecinde sosyal medya kullanımına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemektir. Tek desenli durum çalışması niteliğinde olan bu araştırma 2012-2013 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde Ege Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesinde yürütülmekte olan Doktora Formasyon Programı kapsamındaki Gelişim ve Öğrenme dersinde yapılmıştır. Bu dönemde dersi alan ve farklı enstitülerde doktora programlarına kayıtlı 10 erkek ve 8 kadın olmak üzere toplam 18 öğrenci araştırmaya katılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler anket yoluyla çevrimiçi olarak işlemden önce ve sonra olmak üzere iki aşamada toplanmıştır. Dersler sınıf ortamındaki paylaşımların yanı sıra sosyal medya ortamlarındaki etkinliklerle de yürütülmüştür. Verilerin analizinde nitel veriler için; temalar ve kodlar çalışmanın tasarlanmasından itibaren hem alanyazın, hem çalışmanın amaçları hem de elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre beklentiler, sosyal ağlar, öğrenme ortamı, duyuşsal özellikler, öğrenen katkısı ve öğretim elemanı özellikleri ana temaları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgulara göre öğrenenlerin tamamının dersle ilgili beklentilerinin karşılandığı; ders etkinlikleri için Facebook kullanımının öğrenenlerin tamamı tarafından olumlu olarak değerlendirildiği; Blogger kullanımının ise öğrenenlerin yarısı tarafından olumlu bulunduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular alanyazınla tutarlı olmakla birlikte, öğretim programlarının tasarlanması aşamasından başlayarak sosyal medyanın öğretim sürecine nasıl dâhil edilebileceği, öğretim işini yürütenler tarafından nasıl işe koşulabileceği üzerinde daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulduğu anlaşılmaktadır.</p>

This study aims to reveal how students perceive and identify the concept of chemical bonding, and to identify and explain the misconceptions of students on this subject through phenomenographic research method, as well. The present study included 17 2nd grade students who enrolled to Inorganic Chemistry course in the Faculty of Education. Concept maps and lotus blossom technique were used as data collection tools in order to determine the perceptions and definitions of students about chemical bonding. Data analysis results determined the misconceptions of students about chemical bonding classified misconceptions under seven categories, which are, according to the results of the study, physical changes and bonding, ionic bond, formation of chemical bonding, the existence of chemical bonding, covalent bonds, metallic bonds and intermolecular bonding.

<p>This research study focuses on teacher-student and student-student interaction, which are considered very important aspects of classroom life. There has been a growth of interest in the analysis of teacher language and interaction in language classrooms and many (e.g. Ellis, 1994; Tsui, 2001) believe that classroom interaction is one of the major variables affecting SLA in formal settings. This study aims to give some insight into classroom interaction and how this interaction shapes L2 learning and teaching in Turkey and England. Systematic classroom observation along with the field notes taken to record observations is the main research method in this study used to describe and examine interaction patterns and to measure learner production in secondary classes in Turkey and England. The participants are foreign language teachers and non-native speaking students. Over a month, more than 50 lessons were observed in the secondary schools in both Turkey and England at two levels (13-14 and 14-15 year age group). In Turkey, English classes were observed whereas in England, the observation was conducted in German and French classes. English is taught as a foreign language in Turkey; German and French are also taught as a foreign language in England. The findings of this research study are expected to provide a better understanding of instructional practices and procedures in L2 classrooms. The results of this research study, however, should be seen as suggestive rather than conclusive since they are derived from a relatively small sample.</p>

In this study, 1.5x1.0 m dimensioned shaking table which was designed and built by Geological Engineering Department of Pamukkale University Engineering Faculty is introduced and produced motion parameters are discussed. In order to determine the different engineering purposed model behaviors under earthquake induced dynamic loads, shaking tables are used in laboratory conditions. High power capacity and fast hydraulic systems are needed for large shaking table facilities and this makes them very expensive. However small scaled economical shaking tables are getting used in different purposes such as model tests and educational demonstrations. Velocity, acceleration, frequency and period values of this electric motor driven unidirectional shaking table which was introduced in this study were calculated. Finally as an example application, a block which is consisted of natural material and has a planar sliding surface, attached on shaking table and displacement of the block with increasing base acceleration was monitored. Critical acceleration for the sliding block was experimentally determined. Tests were repeated in three different slope angles. Displacements were also calculated and measured and calculated block displacement values were compared.

The transatlantic African slave trade spanned over four centuries, and stands as arguably the most horrific event in recorded human history. Not as often discussed in the slavery conversation, however, are the realities of religious oppression Africans faced during this era. This article discusses the religious oppression Africans faced as slavery was imposed upon them pre-1776, the freedoms – or lack thereof – afforded to them under the Bill of Rights, and the effects of that religious oppression on successive generations leading up to and beyond the Civil War. The article describes how a deprivation of religious freedom, and not slavery alone, has stifled Black Americans from achieving their full potential.

Beauty as an abstract concept and not having certain definition has created to difficulties for aesthetic science to apply rules and to define judgement about what is right or wrong based on experiments like positive science. Aesthetic being accepted as a science tries to explain beauty with reference to universal criteria by limiting subjective judgement. Aesthetic novel by defining the boundaries of its own kind aims to classify itself. Aesthetic novel aims to replace sensorial with intellectual concepts of the element of aesthetic. Aesthetic novel is the product of author aiming to produce an artistic work. In this study, we define aesthetic novel elements in Peyami Safa’s novel ‘Yalnızız’ referring to aesthetic novel criteria. In introduction, studies on aesthetic are examined. The elements of aesthetic novel in general will be discussed at the second part and elements of aesthetic novel at the novel of ‘Yalnızız’ will be examined at the last part <br> <br> Güzelliğin soyut bir kavram olması ve belli bir tarifinin yapılamaması, estetik bilimini kurallar belirleme ve pozitif bilimlerde ortaya konulan doğru ya da yanlış gibi deneysellik sonucu ortaya çıkan yargılar ortaya koyma konusunda zorlamaktadır. Estetiğin bir bilim olarak kabul edilmesi ile estetik, bu öznel yargılardan sıyrılarak evrensel boyutu ile güzeli açıklamaya çalışır. Estetik roman ise kendi türü içerisinde belli bir çerçeve çizerek türünün sınıflandırmasını sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Estetik roman, estetik yargının temelinden duyusallığı çıkararak onun yerine düşünsel kavramları koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Estetik roman, bütün amacı sanatsal bir yapıt ortaya koymaya çalışan yazarın ürünüdür. Bu çalışmada estetik roman ölçütlerinden hareketle Peyami Safa’nın Yalnızız romanındaki estetik unsurları ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Giriş kısmında estetik konusuna açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmış, Birinci kısımda estetik romanın kıstaslarına, İkinci bölümde Peyami Safa’da estetik roman konusuna değinilmiş, son bölümde ise Yalnızız romanının estetik unsurlarına yer verilmiştir.

The principle of responsibility assumed special status in the contemporary scenery besides de emergence of the conception related to necessity of public control of the scientific practice. The aim of this paper was to reflect about the roles carried out by sponsors from different institutions, national and international organizations, and pharmaceutical industries when moral conflicts emerge in this context. The complexity in the daily practice of researches involving human subjects points out the obligation to enlarge the panorama of the discussion on this theme, including several social and institutional partners. In this specific case became necessary to know the potential sponsors, exceeding the question concerning to the pharmaceutical industry. The most frequent sponsors listed in the literature were: the pharmaceutical industry, specially related to international research for development of new drugs, vaccines and medical products and equipments; international organizations in the case of epidemiological studies, drugs and vaccines for neglected diseases and research strengthening capabilities; national organizations working with specific health problems of the countries or regions populations; and research and academic institutions that have their own policies for research. This paper assumes the position that an ethical conduct during the preparation, development and dissemination of a research protocol results need to be shared between different partners. However, the sponsors have a crucial role to maintain the integrity of researches, to guarantee the protection of volunteers and society at large.

AIM: The study was designed to investigate the prognosis and the epidemiologic features of people who was diagnosed having type 2 DM and Applied to the Community Health Center. METHOD: This study which was carried out at Catak Health Branch of Trabzon Erdogdu Health Center in April, May, and June in 2008 is a descriptive and cross-sectional field study. All of the patients with Type 2 DM diagnosis who came to the Health Center for routine control (55 people) were involved in the study. The aim of the study was explained to each participant in the study and their oral consent was taken. As the data collection instrument, diabetes surveillance form which includes of socio-demographic features, risk factors, blood sugar diagnosis criteria, body mass index, chronic complications and foot examination was used. Diabetes surveillance form was shaped by modifying the diabetes diagnosis form which was structured by Erdogan and Nahcivan (1999). The data obtained were evaluated through number and percentage distribution, mean, chi square test, correlation and variant analyses techniques. RESULTS: Age mean of the patients was 59.4&#177;10.7 and 85.5% of them was female. Average diagnosis age was 53.2&#177;12.5, average diabetes year was 6,6&#177;6,6. 45.5% of the patients were obese, 12.7% of them morbid obese and diabetes history in the family was about 54.5%. It was found that 56.3% patients had blood glucose level was 140 mg/dl and 54.5% of the patients&#146; HbA1c level were higher than 7%. When lipid parameter levels of the patients were examined, it was seen that HDL cholesterol level was (E<35,K<45) for 52.7% of the patients and that was lower than the target treatment level; LDL cholesterol level was 100mg/dl for 76.4%; and total cholesterol level was higher than 200 mg/dl 49.1% of the patients. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between diabetes year of the patients and HbA1c level (r=0.291, p=0.031). 8.6 had % neuropathy, 1.7% of them had retinopathy, 25.9% had coronary heart disease, and 56.9% had hypertension as chronic complication. In foot examination, it was found that 85.5% of them had one of or all of the foot problems or complaint. CONCLUSION: The metabolic control couldn&#146;t be provided in a significant part of the patients diagnosed having type 2 DM in the area of Health Center. For this reason, necessary arrangement should be done about acute and chronic complications of diabetes also taking into consideration individuals&#146; socio-economic and cultural lifestyles until bringing patients&#146; diabetes under control. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2009; 8(4.000): 297-306]

The similarities between Zola’s Vérité (Gerçek)and Resat Nuri Güntekin’s Yesil Gece, which depict theconflicts between religious and secular schools, havebeen noted by many critics. However, while most criticsfailed to see the similarity of social problems existing inthe periods in which the authors lived as the source ofthe similarities between the two novels, some critics evenpoint to Gerçek as the source of inspiration for Yesil Gece.Abuse of religion and religious orthodoxy displayuniversal patterns. Even though Yesil Gece resemblesGerçek in terms of subject matter and characters, theseresemblances are of universal quality. The source ofthese universal resemblances is common sensibility.Therefore, when Güntekin’s statements about his noveland historical facts are considered, it is seen that thesimilarities stem from common sensibility.

<p><em>Engineering economics plays an important role in decision making. Also, the cash flows, time value of money and interest rates are the most important research fields in mathematical finance. Generalized formulae obtained from a variety of models with the time value of money and cash flows are inadequate to solve some problems. In this study, a new generalized formulae is considered for the first time and derived from a loan payment model which is a certain number of payment amount determined by customer at the beginning of payment period and the other repayments with piecewise linear gradient series. As a result, some numerical examples with solutions are given for the developed models.</em></p><p> </p>

This study, which originated from the observation that the rate of participation in scientific events by nurses working in the field as well as that of academician nurses had gradually increased, was a definitive, record-scanning study made with the objective of examining the papers presented by nurses at scientific meetings between 1985 and 2003. Nursing research has become an increasingly important factor in the efforts devoted to making nursing an academic profession. The development of nursing research in different countries has been influenced by various factors. While there is a long tradition of nursing research in some other countries, the history of nursing research in Turkey is shorter. The environment of this research was formed from papers included in books and summary booklets of scientific meetings in which nurses participated between 1985 and 2003. 2,843 papers, contained in 80 scientific activity books and summary booklets, formed the sampling of the research. When the year-to-year distribution of authors who presented papers was examined, it was found that while there was an increase in the proportion of papers presented by nurses alone, by nurses and academician nurses, or by nurses and members of other disciplines, there was a decrease in the proportion of papers submitted by academician nurses. The results of this study show that nurses have contributed to the process of professionalizing nursing and are accepted by other members of the health team.

This paper aims to discuss metacognition, which has especiallybeen emphasized in recent years in relation to the subject of learning inthe field of educational sciences, within various contexts. The method ofthis study, which presents a qualitative character, is the review of whathas been obtained from the relevant literature both national and foreign.The study deals with the concepts of cognition and metacognition withinvarious dimensions, and tries to describe them in the first place. Then, itanalyzes these concepts in the contexts of the mind philosophy and theself psychology. The analyses focus on what the nature and source of themetacognitive capacity is and the characteristics of the relationshipbetween cognition and metacognition and between metacognition andconscious. The study futher discusses, with a critical approach, whethera “metacognitive” capacity independent from “cognition” is really possiblewithin the perspective of conscious.As a result of the study, it is seen that although there are numerousdefinitions of the concept of metacognition, there are not satisfactoryexplanations about the nature and source of the metacognitive capacity.It is identified that the relevant literature, generally experimental andmonodisciplinary, focuses rather on the effects of the metacognitivecapacity on learning and academic achievement, but not on whatmetacognition is and what it is not. The paper also concludes that inorder for the metacognitive capacity to be comprehended together with itsnature, source /sources, and all of its dimensions, there is a need forcomprehensive analyses and discussions to be carried out with aninterdisciplinary approach comprising such disciplines as psychology,neuropsychology, educational science, anthropology and philosophy. <br> <br> Bu çalışmanın amacı, eğitimbilim alanında öğrenme konusuyla ilgiliolarak özellikle son yıllarda sıklıkla vurgu yapılan üstbiliş (metacognition)kavramını çeşitli bağlamlarda tartışmaktır. Nitel bir karakter arz edençalışmanın yöntemi, literatür taraması olarak olup, veriler, ilgili yerli veyabancı literatürden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle, biliş ve üstbilişkavramları çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele alınarak betimlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Bundan sonra, biliş ve üstbiliş kavramları, zihin felsefesi ve kendilikpsikoloji zemininde analiz edilmiştir. Bu analizler, üstbiliş yetisinindoğasının ve kaynağının ne olduğu ile biliş-üstbiliş ve üstbiliş-bilinçilişkisinin nitelikleri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, eleştirelbir yaklaşımla, „biliş‟ten ayrışan bir „bilişötesi‟ yetisinin gerçekte mümkünolup olmadığı, bilinç perspektifinde tartışılmıştır.Çalışma sonunda, literatürde üstbiliş kavramına yönelik çok sayıdatanım olmasına rağmen, üstbiliş yetisinin doğası ve kaynağına yöneliktatmin edici açıklamaların olmadığı görülmüştür. Tek disipline dayalı vegenelde deneysel olarak yürütülen ilgili çalışmaların, daha çok üstbilişyetisinin” öğrenme ve akademik başarı üzerindeki etkileri üzerineyoğunlaştığı; üstbilişin ne olduğu veya ne olmadığı konularınadeğinmediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda, üstbiliş yetisinin, doğası,kaynağı/kaynakları ve tüm boyutlarıyla anlaşılması için, psikoloji, nöropsikoloji,eğitimbilim, antropoloji ve felsefe gibi disiplinleri içereninterdisipliner bir yaklaşımla yürütülecek kapsamlı analiz ve tartışmalaraihtiyaç olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a common method in stone therapy in the last 30 years. High success rates as well as high complication rates are also available. We present offer patient who developing gallbladder injury and peritonitis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the right renal pelvis, mid, and lower calyces stone.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is quite rare in childhood. The disease is characterized by diastolic dysfunction without systolic dysfunction or ventricular dilatation.Right heart failure signs, tromboembolism and cardiac arrhytmia can be seen in clinic presentation. In this case report, a 15 year-old patient who had heart failure signs was diagnosed with restrictive cardiomyopathy .

Aim: Surgical treatment of the atrial septal defect has curative results, but improvements in interventional technologies have made transcatheter atrial septal defects closure procedure a feasible and safe alternative to surgery. Material and Method: We aimed to investigate the anesthetic management of percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects under transesophageal echocardiography guidance in pediatric patients. Results: A retrospective review of the anesthetic data of 25 patients who underwent transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects was conducted. The mean age 8.66±3.34 years. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with the guidance of TEE. We did not encounter any major complication related to the procedure or anesthesia. Transient bradycardia occurred in 2 patients, which was treated with atropine. Discussion: An ideal anesthesia method and anesthetic drug combination for pediatric cardiac catheterization procedures is still controversial. Whether general anesthesia or deep sedation is preferred, the hemodynamic effects of the drugs used are known very well. The anesthesiologist should take precautions against possible complications and the patient%u2019s hemodynamic stability must be closely followed.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), is usually a complicationof deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Pulmonary thromboembolismdevelops as a result of obstruction of pulmonaryartery and / or branches with pieces that rupturedfrom the deep vein thrombosis of the leg. Pulmonarythromboembolism and DVT is also referred as venousthromboembolism (VTE) because of two events often remaintogether. The true incidence is uncertain because ofmore than half of the patients can be lost before the diagnosis.Despite the many new developments in the lastdecade on the diagnosis and treatment, PTE is still one ofthe difficult to diagnose and fatal diseases of lungs. Classicaland contemporary approaches to the diagnosis andtreatment of PTE were evaluated together in this review.J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (3): 405-410Key words: Pulmonary, thromboembolism, diagnosis,treatment

As a literary genre, theatre have to exist in 6th and 7th class course books which has a different place when compare the other genres. Since it has rich components and suitable to teach linguistic skills. The six course books which are accepted by MEB and still being used in schools are studied in this research. Theatre texts in this six books were invastigated. Original versions of this texts gathered. After the analyis of headlines of “Theatre Concept” and “Literary Kinds In Course Books” the method of study was mentioned. Than the original texts were compared to course book versions. The differences are questioned according to various aspects. As aresult it is found that theatre texts in course books are disqualified. Another finding is simple and short texts exist in course books.

Galata area, provides the commercial power of the capital İstanbul throughout the history. The reason Galata shows a typical Mediterranean port character is the traders from Pisa, Amalfi, Genova and Venetian. Galata known as; Sykai, Peramas, Galaktos throughout the history. Galata always has a water problem. Ottoman Architecture is showing different examples at the century 18th. The function of the Saliha Sultan Arena Fountain and Baroque architecture is showing a very important example in Galata. <br> <br> İstanbul Galata bölgesi tarih boyunca bulunduğu coğrafi konumu nedeni ile farklı kültür ve medeniyetlerden denizci tacirlere hizmet vermiştir. Bunun sonucunda Bizans başkenti Konstantinapolis ve Osmanlı başkenti İstanbul’dan farklı kentsel ögelerle gelişim göstermiştir. Öncelikle Akdeniz Liman kenti ile benzer karakteri söz konusudur. Saliha sultan Çeşmesi de kuruluş alanı ve inşa yüzyılı olarak Galata kent dokusunda önemli bir örnektir.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the supervision reports written on the basis of primary school supervisors’ supervision in a primary school. The sample consists of supervision reports of a primary school which was a middle school before 1997 in Konya/Meram. A case study design was used. Data was obtained through document analysis of qualitative research techniques. Documents consist of reports written by primary supervisors between the years of 1965-2008. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Content analysis was done according to phases that stated by Yildirim & Simsek (2006) as 1) Coding the data 2) Finding themes 3) Organizing the codes and themes 4) Commenting the findings. Reports that written by supervisors between 1965-2008 were coded by year. Coded reports split up themes using content analysis. According to the results, supervision reports divided into five themes: physical condition, education-instruction, account-belongings, school-environment relationship and school management.   Özet Araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim denetmenlerinin bir ilköğretim okulunda yaptıkları denetime dayalı olarak yazdıkları denetim raporlarının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma grubu Konya ili Meram ilçesinde yer alan 1997’den önce ortaokul olan bir ilköğretim okulunun denetim raporlarından oluşmaktadır. Veriler, nitel araştırma tekniklerinden doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. Doküman incelemesi, mevcut kayıt ya da belgelerin, veri kaynağı olarak sistemli incelenmesi şeklinde ifade edilmektedir. Dokümanlar, Konya ilköğretim denetmenlerinin 1965–2008 yılları arasında yazdıkları raporlardan oluşmaktadır. Veriler, içerik analizi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada içerik analizi için Yıldırım ve Şimşek (2006) tarafından belirtilen (1) verilerin kodlanması, (2) temaların bulunması, (3) kodların ve temaların düzenlenmesi ve (4) bulguların yorumlanması aşamalarına göre yapılmıştır. Denetmenler tarafından 1965-2008 yılları arasında yazılan raporlar yazıldığı yıla göre kodlanmıştır. Kodlanan raporlar içerik analizi ile temalara ayrılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, denetim raporları fiziki durum, eğitim-öğretim, hesap-ayniyat, okul-çevre ilişkileri ve okul yönetimi olmak üzere beş temaya ayrılmıştır.

Pur po se: To evaluate the changes in central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with different values before cataract surgery. Ma te ri al and Met hod: 90 eyes of 70 patients who had undergone uneventful cataract surgery because of senile cataract were included in this prospective study. The CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. The patients were evaluated in 4 groups according to preoperative CCT values (group 1: 450-500 μm, group 2: 501-550μm, group 3: 551-600μm, and group 4: 601-650μm). The CCT was measured preoperatively and at 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 8th weeks postoperatively. The chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance test were used for statistical analysis. Re sults: The increase in CCT was highest in group 1 determined as 71.3 μm. The increase in group 2 was 43.4, 35.1 in group 3, and 16.6 μm in group 4. The increase in CCT was significant in all groups at week 1 ( p<0.05). The increase in group 1 was statistically significant than in groups 3 and 4 (group 1 and group 3, p=0.025; group 1 and group 4, p<0.01). The increase in group 2 was also statistically significant than in group 4 (p=0.032). The CCT was decreased after the 2nd week. The recovery of CCT to preoperative values was determined at 8th week in group 1, 4th week in groups 2 and 3, and 2nd week in group 4. Dis cus si on: In thin corneas, the increase in central corneal thickness is more prominent and stabilization occurs in a longer time after cataract surgery. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 145-8)

In this study, it is aimed to state the relation between these terms by acting in accordance with the assumption that being open minded and sharing vision are necessary in the firms to provide the emotional commitment, which is one of the elements of the organizational commitment and means the employee’s acceptance of the aims and values of the organization and the demand of existance in the organization, and the normative commitment, which emerges depending on the outcome of employee’s evaluation of the involvement in the organization in terms of ethic. For that purpose, a study has been carried out on the 286 employees work in the firms that are in service in the Erzurum Organized Industrial Zone. The results obtained show that being open minded and the sharing of vision make a positive impact on the employees’ emotional and normative commitment. Özet Bu çalışmada, örgütsel bağlılığın unsurlarından olan ve çalışanın örgütün amaç ve değerlerini kabul etmesini ve örgütte kalma isteğini ifade eden duygusal bağlılık ile çalışanın örgüte bağlanmayı ahlaki açıdan değerlendirmesinin sonucuna göre ortaya çıkan normatif bağlılığın sağlanabilmesi için örgütlerde açık görüşlülük ve vizyon paylaşımının gerekli olduğu varsayımı üzerinden hareket edilerek bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla Erzurum Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde 286 işgören üzerinde bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, açık görüşlülük ve vizyon paylaşımının işgörenlerin duygusal ve normatif bağlılığı üzerine olumlu bir etki yaptığını gösterir niteliktedir.

With FLUENT, which is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software, it becomes possible to define the performance of complicated flow in turbo machines like pumps and blowers. It is not only reduced costs but also saves time. This study is aimed to optimize a commercial slurry pump impeller. Therefore, four different types of impellers were designed with using various blade angles, blade length and splitter blade on the impeller, which is the most crucial component of the pump. As a result of analysis it was seen that every impeller affected on the pump performance at different flow rate.

AB'ye girme sürecinde, ekonomik, kültürel, sosyal ve siyasal birliğin sağlanması için eğitim politikamızda radikal kararlar alınmalı, yaygın eğitim ve kültür kurumu kütüphaneler hızlı bir biçimde devreye sokulmalıdır. Bunun için de öncelikle Kütüphaneler Kanunu çıkartılmalı, kütüphanecilerin yetiştirildiği eğitim kurumlarının programlarında kütüphanecilerin eğitici yönlerini de dikkate alarak eğitim sosyolojisi ve psikolojisi gibi dersler yer almalı, kütüphanelerin çağa uygun hale getirilmesi için yeni projeler üretilerek, iç ve dış kaynaklar sağlanmalıdır. Daha açık bir ifadeyle AB'ye girerken, önemli toplumsal görevler üstlenmesi gereken yaygın eğitim ve kültür kurumu kütüphanelerin, yeniden yapılandırılarak toplumla bütünleşmesi sağlanmalıdır.

This paper aimed to present the changes in the upper elementary school (grades 6, 7, 8)geometry learning area in Turkey after the reform movement of 2004. The methodology of the study wasdescriptive and included content analysis in terms of objectives, geometry content, and time allocation ingeometry before and after 2004. A general conclusion of the study was that changes in the Turkishgeometry education at the upper elementary level have been mostly limited with the rhetoric after 2004.The most prominent change was that the notion of “drawing” was replaced by the notion of “constructing”in order to be consistent with the constructive approach of the post-reform mathematics program.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Çalışkan (2007) tarafından<strong> </strong>üniversite düzeyinde fizik dersi alan öğrenciler için geliştirilmiş fizikte kullanılan problem çözme stratejileri ölçeğini lise düzeyine uyarlamak, ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Araştırma Trabzon ilinde 3 farklı okulda 10. sınıf (n=223, %50,7) ve 11. sınıfta (n=217, %49,3) öğrenim gören toplam 440 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Yapı geçerliğini belirlemede açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış; açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) sonunda, ölçeğin toplam 25 madde ve dört faktörden oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) sonucunda ise, dört faktörlü modelin iyi düzeyde uyum gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ölçeğin düzeltilmiş madde-toplam korelasyonlarının  0.245 ile  0.498  arasında sıralandığı, %27’lik alt-üst grupların ortalamaları arasındaki tüm farkların anlamlı olduğu, ölçeğin geneli için Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısı 0.855 bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak ilgili araştırmalarda kullanılabileceği ifade edilebilir.

The aim of this study is to explore ways of increasing the social and professional awareness of students of architecture to educate a new generation of architects who are familiar with the concepts of social responsibility, professional collaboration , sustainable development and disaster mitigation. Turkey experiences a rapid social change due to the urban regeneration, population movements, environmental changes, new technologies and professional diversification. These phenomenon affect all aspects o f life. This study explores the possibilities for applying new methods of teaching in schools of architecture to train a generation of architects who will be in tune with this new, ever - changing socio - cultural environment in Turkey. A study lasting one edu cational term of 14 weeks was conducted on a group of 15 second year students of architecture. A structural design course which previously had a purely theoretical and mathematical approcah to the subject matter was altered to contain background informatio n regarding social context such as the photos, videos and narratives of earthquake affected areas of Turkey. This was done to introduce the students with the reality of the built environment and professional life in Turkey. Additionally small - scale applied projects were given as semester tasks to the students where they can experience a scaled but realistic application of the theoretical knowledge into reality. These two approaches were supplemented with theoretical knowledge to prepare the students for pro fessional life in a realistic manner. A sudden increase in student attention and participation to the course was observed both in matters concrening the professional application and social context of their architectural projects. These findings were consis tent with a previous study conducted by the author. The findings of this experimental application have resulted in a revision of the educational curriculum concerning the structural design courses to permanently include information regarding the social con text and practical application of theoretical projetcs.

OBJECTIVE[|]Cross-reactions with Francisella tularensis antibodies to Brucella, Legionella, Yersinia, and Mycoplasma species have been described. F.tularensis LPS is able to induce serological cross-reactions indistinguishable from brucellosis due to a similar immunodominant epitope in the Brucella O-polysaccharide. In agglutination tests, cross-reaction occurred only between F.tularensis and Brucella abortus, cross reactivity with Brucella can confuse interpretation of the results. [¤]METHODS[|]The aim of this study was to assess cross reactions and whether IgM or IgG antibodies are responsible for Brucella and F.tularensis cross-reactions, by the use of microagglutination, Brucella ELISA and 2-mercaptoethanol microagglutination test. [¤]RESULTS[|]Cross-reaction agglutinin titers to B.abortus antigen were found in 49 of 260 (18.8%) tularemia positive serum specimens, and cross-reaction titers to F.tularensis antigen were found in 23 of 252 (9.1%) Brucella positive serum specimens. While thirty six (73.5%) tularemia positive serum titers had Brucella cross reactivity at the titers of 1: 20-1: 80, cross-reaction with &#8805;1: 160 titers was found in 13 samples (26.5%). The cross-reaction titers to B.abortus antigen were reduced to equal or less 1: 40 titers by 2-ME. Cross- reactivity at the titers of 1: 20-1: 80 was determined in 22 of 23 Brucella positive samples. [¤]CONCLUSION[|]The cross-reaction titers determined with MA test in both infections were reduced to 40 or less by 2-ME, suggesting that the titers are due to immunoglobulin M antibody. [¤]

Çelik konstrüksiyonlarda,dört kenarı ankastre mesnetlenmiş dikdörtgen çelik levhalar çok sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu tür levhalar genellikle kutu kesitli yapma kolonlarda, yapma I kirişlerinin gövdelerinde, genıi ve uçak sanayiinde gemi ve uçakların dış yüzeyini örtınek için kullanılırlar. Buralarda kullanılan levhalar teorik hesaplamalarda dört kenarı ankastre mesnetlenmiş gibi kabul edilirler. Bu çalışmada, b 1 t levha narinliği ve a. = a 1 b levha kenar oranının değişik durumlan incelenecektir. Bu oranlar dikkate alınarak deney epruvetleri hazırlanıp deneye tabi tutulm uştur. Her bir epruvetin taşıma yükleri ölçülerek tablo ve diyagramlarla verilecektir. Deney sonuçlar ı üzerinde irdeleme ve değerlendirıneler yapılarak dört kenarı ankastre mesnetli levhalar için foı nıüller önerilecektir.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report our ap­proach and outcomes of patients applied to our breast disease policlinic with mastalgia. Methods: The records of 877 patients presented with mastalgia to breast disease policlinic between April 2014 and January 2016 were examined retrospectively. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), mammography breast im­aging-reporting and data system score (BIRADS), ultra­sonography evaluation, biopsy status, pathology results and operation procedures were investigated. Correlation between BIRADS score, age and BMI were analyzed. Results: All of the patients were female and median age was 49,0 years. Ultrasound showed breast mass in 283 (32.3%) patients and 165 (18.8%) of these underwent fine needle aspiration or true cut biopsy. Only 14 (8.5%) patients were diagnosed as malignant. Eight of the ma­lignant cases had breast conserving surgery. Ages of the patients showed significant positive correlation with BIRADS classification values of the patients (r = 0.069, p = 0.04). However, BMI values did not correlate with BI­RADS classification values of the patients. Conclusion: Mastalgia is a common symptom in women. In high risk patients for breast carcinoma, it should be investigated seriously. Both mammography and ultraso­nography can be used at the same time for diagnoses. Especially in patients having dense breasts including young’s, mammography alone cannot be satisfying for the evaluation. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (1): 23-28

Osler-Weber-Rendu sendromu [Herediter Hemorajik Telenjiektazi] deri ve mukozalarda telenjiektaziler ve iç organlarda arteriyovenöz malformasyonlar ile karakterize otozomal dominant geçiş gösteren bir hastalıktır. Dudak, dil, damak, kulak, nazal mukoza, palmoplantar bölge ve tırnak yataklarında yerleşim gösterebilen telenjiektaziler hastalığın tipik bulgusudur. İç organ tutulumu olan hastalıkta pulmoner arteriovenöz malformasyon sıktır. Olgumuz dudağında ve yüzün sağ yarısında hemanjiom, oral mukozada telenjiektaziler ve sol akciğer alt lobunda arteriyovenöz malformasyonu olan 34 yaşında kadın hastaydı. Osler-Weber-Rendu sendromu tanısı konuldu. Hastalığının nadir görülmesi ve akciğerinde eşlik eden arteriyovenöz malformasyonu bulunması nedeniyle olgumuzu sunmayı uygun gördük.

In this study, relationships between teachers’ socio-cultural characteristics and their competency with lesson planning, and designing learning environments and materials were examined. This study had a survey design. The questionnaire was administered totally in 16 elementary schools including two private and four public schools in Gaziantep, one private and six public schools in Nizip and three public schools in a village. The number of teachers participated in the study was 159. Collected data were analyzed through SPSS 15.00 for Windows. After data analysis, findings which are statistically significant were presented through tables. According to the results, statistically significant differences were reported in favor of teachers teaching in private schools with smaller class size between 15-20 whose parents have earned higher levels of education and have had higher socioeconomic status.

<p>Bu çalışmada Bilim ve Sanat Merkezlerinin amacına uygun işleyişinin burada görev yapan öğretmenler tarafından nasıl değerlendirildiği araştırılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini Türkiye de bulunan Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri’nden 43 tanesi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma tarama modeli ile gerçekleştirilmiştir ve 374 araştırma ölçeği üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri; öğrencilerin bilişsel-duyuşsal gelişimleri ve yaratıcılık gelişimlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi adına öğretmenler tarafından “katılıyorum” seviyesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin görüşleri demografik özelliklerine göre farklılık göstermezken yalnız Bilim ve Sanat Merkezi’ndeki hizmet sürelerine göre farklı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca nicel olarak yapılan araştırmanın nitel olarak desteklenmesi amacıyla öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmelerde Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri’ndeki bazı aksaklıklar ve eksikliklerin düzeltilmesi gerekliliği görüşleri ortaya çıkmıştır.</p><p> </p>

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of neuromuscular blockade on oxygen consumption and energy expenditure in sedated patients with acute respiratory failure who were followed under mechanical ventilation support. Material and Method: 21 acute respiratory failure patients under mechanical ventilation support were included in the study. All patients were sedated with propofol infusion to have a sedation level of 3 on the Ramsay scale. After adequate sedation and hemodynamic stability was achieved, baseline values of oxygen consumption, carbondioxide production and energy consumption of the patients were measured by indirect calorimetry device and recorded. Neuromuscular transmission was monitorized by TOF-Guard, and then 0,1 mg/kg bolus dose vecuronium was administered to the patients. When TOF 0, 25, 50, 90 values were obtained, oxygen, carbondioxide and energy consumption were measured by indirect calorimetry device and recorded. Results: No statistically significant difference were found between pre- and post-curarisation hemodynamic parameters, ventilation parameters, arterial blood gas values (p>0.05). A statistically significant decrease was observed between the oxygen consumption, carbondioxide production and energy consumption measured before curarisation and when TOF value was 0 (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between TOF 25, 50, 90 values and the baseline value (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the effect of neuromuscular blockage on reducing energy and oxygen consumption should be taken into consideration while calculating the daily energy need in intensive care in patients curarized at TOF 0 level. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2012; 10: 8-12)

Nisin doğal ve güvenilir bir gıda katkı maddesidir ve Lactococcus lactis’ ten üretilir. Peynirden balığa ve içeceklere kadar çeşitli gıdalarda katkı maddesi olarak kullanılabilir. Nisin özellikle gram pozitif bakteriler üzerine etkili iken gram negatif ve maya küfler üzerine bir etkisi yoktur. Nisin vücuda alındıktan sonra sindirim enzimleri tarafından inaktif hale getirilir bu nedenle hiçbir toksik etki yaratmaz. Ayrıca, FDA tarafından onaylanan tek bakteriosindir. Nisin sadece toplam bakteriler üzerinde etkin değil aynı zamanda laktik asit bakterileri, koliform ve patojenler üzerine de etkilidir. Nisin su ürünlerinde bulunabilecek L. monocytogenes gibi bazı patojenler üzerine inhibe edici özelliğe sahiptir. Ayrıca; nisin üzerine yapılan pek çok çalışmaya göre, nisin su ürünlerinin mikrobiyolojik güvenliğini sağlar ve raf ömrünü uzatır. Balığın kokusu üzerine olumsuz bir etkisi yoktur. Dahası, balığın doğal kokusunu muhafaza eder. Balıketi pH’sı ve rengi üzerine de olumsuz bir etkisi yoktur. Nisin TVBN, TMA değerleri ve psikrofilik ve mezofilik bakteri sayısının artışını depolama süresince kontrol etmektedir. Ayrıca, nisin vakum paketleme, ışınlama ve diğer katkı maddeleri ile beraber başarı ile kullanılmaktadır. Bu sayede nisin su ürünlerinin raf ömrünü artıran güvenli ve doğal bir katkı maddesi olarak kabul edilmektedir.

<span style="color: #515151;">It was reported that oleuropein content and bitterness of olives could be reduced with reduction of water content to 15-20% by drying after pretreatment such as keeping in brine, soaking, dry salt folding, drilling and/or drawing. Black table olives have been produced with a traditional method in the name of 'Ferrandina' in Italy during many years. As a result of industry adaptation work of the 'Ferrandina' method, 'Sybaris' method was developed. But researchers reported that industrial production of table olives by drying could not be grown up. In this review, researches on the debittering method of olives by partial drying after pretreatment as a development of new table olive processing method were presented.</span>

The purpose of this study is to examine marital satisfaction and life satisfaction according to same variables. The study is carried out on married individuals in Adıyaman in 2015 year. The study group consisted of 279 (164 male, 115 female). The data was collected through the Life Satisfaction Scale adapted by Köker (1991), Marital Life Scale developed by Tezer (1986 as cited in Çağ & Yıldırım, 2013) and a personal information form designed by the researchers. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences IBM SPSS 21.0 software was used for the statistical analysis of the data. In order to analyze the Pearson Correlation Coefficient, One-way MANOVA and Tukey HSD analysis method was employed. According to findings, it is understood that master and doctorate degree graduate individuals have a higher level of marital satisfaction and life satisfaction than primary and secondary schools graduates. According to income level variable, it is not observed a significant difference for the marital satisfaction levels, however there is a significant difference for life satisfaction levels. It is revealed that married individuals who get married after flirting have a higher level of marital and life satisfaction than married individuals of consanguineous marriages have. It is understood that married individuals who get married after falling in love have a higher level of marital and life satisfaction than the ones who make marriages of convenience have. However, according to gender is not a significant difference for marital satisfaction and life satisfaction. The findings of the present study were discussed in the light of the related literature.   Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı, evli bireylerin evlilik doyumlarını ve yaşam doyumlarını bazı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2015 yılında Adıyaman ilinde ikamet eden, 115 (% 41.2) kadın ile 164 (% 58.8) erkek olmak üzere toplam 279 evli birey oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Evlilik Yaşamı Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyonu, çok değişkenli varyans analizi (Tek Yönlü MANOVA) ve post-hoc çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden Tukey HSD testi kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi IBM SPSS 21.0 paket programıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, yüksek lisans ve doktora mezuniyet derecesine sahip bireylerin ilk ve ortaokul mezunlarından daha yüksek düzeyde evlilik doyumuna ve yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Öte yandan üniversite mezunlarının da okur-yazar olmayanlardan yüksek düzeyde bir yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Farklı gelir grupları arasında evlilik doyumu düzeyi açısından anlamlı düzeyde bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak yüksek gelir grubunda bulunan bireylerin yaşam doyumları diğer gruplara göre yüksek bulunmuştur. Flört ilişki sonrası evlenen bireylerin, akraba evliliği yapanlardan daha yüksek düzeyde evlilik doyumuna ve yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Cinsiyet açısından kadın ve erkeklerin evlilik doyumu ve yaşam doyumu düzeyleri arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir fark bulunmamıştır. Aşk evliliği yapan kişilerin, mantık evliliği yapan kişilerden daha yüksek düzeyde bir evlilik doyumuna ve yaşam doyumuna sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Bulgular, alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve yorumlanmıştır.

The scaling factors of opinions of teachers and testing the knowledge of studentsfor the determination of problems faced in teaching the history of Central Asian Turkswere utilized in this research. We tried to make a situation assessment regarding thesubject of teaching the relevant topics, and used the general survey model. We used the“Scaling Factor of the Opinion of the Teacher Regarding Teaching the History of CentralAsian Turks”, a 0,73 Cronbach Alpha credibility rating consisting of 10 items,developed by us, and the “Test of Knowledge Regarding the Topics of the History ofCentral Asian Turks”, a 0,91 Kuder-Richardson credibility rating consisting of 15 items.The research was performed by the participation of 17 social science teachers and33 history teachers, and 180 6th grade students and 320 9th grade students who tookthose lessons in various cities and different schools, and was based on random sampling.As a result of the analyses and statistical information, problems were found out inperception of time and location, and the quality of school books by means of up to dateinformation. We have gathered the opinions of teachers and students, and offeredsolutions. <br> <br> Bu araştırmada Orta Asya Türk tarihi konularının öğretiminde karşılaşılansorunların belirlenmesine yönelik öğretmen görüş ölçeği ve öğrenci bilgi testiuygulanmıştır. Çalışmada ilgili konuların öğretimine ilişkin bir durum değerlendirmesiyapılmaya çalışılmış ve genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla, araştırmacılartarafından geliştirilmiş 10 maddeden oluşan Cronbach Alpha güvenilirlik katsayısı 0,73olan “Orta Asya Türk Tarihi Konularının Öğretimine Yönelik Öğretmen Görüş Ölçeği”ile 15 maddeden oluşan ve Kuder-Richardson (21) formülüyle hesaplanan güvenilirlikkatsayısı 0,91 olan “Orta Asya Türk Tarihi Konularına İlişkin Bilgi Testi” kullanılmıştır.Araştırma, çeşitli illerdeki farklı okul türlerinde görev yapan ve seçkisiz örneklem yoluylaulaşılan 17 sosyal bilgiler ve 33 tarih öğretmeni ile bu dersleri alan 180 altıncı sınıföğrencisi ve 320 dokuzuncu sınıf öğrencisinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.Yapılan incelemeler ve istatistikî verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda konununöğretimine ilişkin mekân ve zaman algısı, bilginin güncelliği ilkesi ile ders kitaplarınınniteliği gibi hususlarda sorunlar tespit edilmiştir. Bunlara ilişkin öğretmen ve öğrencigörüşleri temel alınarak çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.

Aim: In this study the aim is to determine which technological applications are used by physician and nurse candidates; where, why and how they are used, based upon the technologic and educational context. Material and Method: The study was carried out pursuant to the design of case study method that is one of the qualitative research methods. The study group was determined by %u201Ceasily accessible case sampling%u201D and consisted of 78 freshman, sophomore and junior physician candidates from the Faculty of Medicine of Hacettepe University; 50 freshman, sophomore, junior and senior nurse candidates from the Nursing Program of the Faculty of Medical Sciences in Baskent University. A questionnaire and a semi-structured interview form created by the researchers were used in this study. The content analysis method was used in the data solution. Results and Discussion: Research participants stated that technological applications they used in daily life and for classes were different. This situation can be considered as an indication that we could not yet integrate technology into education. It was determined in the research that students used search engines and office programs the most. And they are willingness to take distance learning courses and use of social networks in their academic life.

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<p>Bu çalışmada yakın-planlar duygulanım-imge kavramı üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışma iki kutup üzerinden yapılmıştır. Kutuplardan birincisi canlıların arasındaki uzamsal mesafelerin psikolojik etkisi üzerine öne sürülmüş olan proksemi kavramı, ikincisi ise yüz ifadeleri ve yüzün hatlarının duygularla olan ilişkisidir. Sinemanın yakın planlarının gücü duygulanımın-imgesini sunabilmesindedir. Kameranın hareketi ile yaklaşmak ve dokunsal bir mesafeye ulaşmak duygulanımın alanına giren, ve görüntüye bakana doğrudan bir etki oluşturan özel bir potansiyellik taşımaktadır. Aynı zamanda yüzler ve yüz ifadeleri duygunun kendisini taşıyan herhangi bir temsil ilişkisine dayanmadan duygulanımı yaratan unsurlardır. Bu bağlamda proksemi kavramı, yüzün ifadesel yetkinliği ve duygulanım-imge kavramı arasında bir bağlantı kurulmuştur.</p>

Küreselleşen dünyada işletmelerin pazarda rekabet üstünlüğü sağlamak amacıyla toplumsal konulara yönelmeleri bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde işletmeler yaptıkları halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarını kimi zaman kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk başlığı altında kimi zaman da sosyal pazarlama biçiminde gerçekleştirerek topluma sunmaktadırlar. Bu iki kavram farklı özellikleri bünyesinde barındırmasına rağmen işletmeler sözkonusu çalışmalarda kavramlar arasındaki farklılığı göz ardı etmektedirler Bunun da en önemli nedeni toplumdaki bireylerin kurumların gerçekleştirdiği projelerin çoğunu „Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk projesi" olarak algılaması ve sosyal pazarlama ile ilgili ön bilgilerinin bulunmamasıdır. Bu araştırmada kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk ve sosyal pazarlama kavramları hakkında geniş bir literatür taraması yapılarak kavramların özellikleri karşılaştırılacak, sözkonusu iki kavramın arasındaki ayrım irdelenecek ve Türkiye'de yapılmış olan iki örnek proje ele alınarak bu projelerin hangi halkla ilişkiler uygulaması çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to comparison and describe the anthropometric characteristics physical fitness and physiological profile of the f irst 5 and the lower ranked elite male Iranian national table tennis players, who participated in table tennis championship, to compare the anthropometric data, physical fitness and physiological profile of the first 5elite tennis players on the ranking wi th the lower ranked players, and to establish an anthropometric and physiological profile chart for elite tennis players. Methods: On the direction of this aim 16 male National table tennis Players' participated in this study. According to ranked some phy sical fitness, physiological and anthropometric variables were recorded of each subject. In this research; Physical fitness was determined using the following test: 1) speed; 36m sprint, 2) shoulder, back and hamstring flexibility; sit and reach, 3) lower limb power; side jump, 4) Anaerobic power; wingate test, 5) Aerobic power; 1600 m running, 6) reaction time; visual reaction time, 7) mussel endurance; sit - ups. In addition to anthropometric analysis (height, weight, siting height, arm length), body com position and somatotype of participants have been assessed. The kolmogorof - smirnov test was applied to determine the nature of data distribution. Since a normal distribution was confirmed, a t - test for independent samples was performed to examine statisti cal differences between groups and p value < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: There were no significant differences in height, jump, shoulder, back and hamstring flexibility, speed, visual reaction time, anaerobic power and BMI between th e first 5 and the lower ranked table tennis players, while there were significant differences in weight, side jump, aerobic power, present body fat and somatotype component. A mesomorph – endomorph somatotype was registered for the lower ranked and somat otype of first 5 table tennis players could be defined as mesomorph – ectomorph. Conclusions: As a result, Table tennis in (mesomorph - Ektomorf) were dominant body type and it is determined that it is important to aerobic power.

Editorial Board and Content of Volume 4/3

Yönetim kavramı, hangi kararların yerine getirildiği, gücün nasıl uygulandığı ve vatandaşların nasıl söz sahibi olduğu hususlarındaki karar sürecidir. Bu yazının amacı, modern ve İslami her iki açıdan etkili bir yönetim teorisini keşfetmek ve anlamaktır. Bu yazıda Halife Ömer b. Hattab döneminde bu teorinin temel unsuru analiz edilecektir. Etkili yönetim öğretiminin, şer’î siyaset ve şeriat çerçevesinden anlaşılabileceği varsayıldı. Etkili yönetim kavramı, sinerjik katılım sayesinde uygulanması ile bir politika formülasyonu olarak idari, siyasi ve ekonomik olmak üzere çeşitli sektörler tarafından -verimli, dürüst, adil, şeffaf ve hesap verebilir- çeşitli özellikleri üzerinde durularak yönetimde daha yüksek bir kalite elde etmek için ortaya çıktı ve bilinir oldu. Bu yüzden vatandaşın yasal çıkarını koruyan ve tanıyan (maslahatu’l-amme) bir yönetim modeline doğru olan şer’î siyaset kavramı ile bağıntılıdır. Bu kavram halife Ömer b. Hattab tarafından egemenliği boyunca uygulandı ve şer’î siyaset kavramının, daha alakalı ve güncel ihtiyaç ve durumlar için geçerli olacak şekilde daha özel bir yaklaşım ile geliştirilebileceği gösterildi.

Everyone has the right to education from birth, and this right should be available equally to everyone by the state. Basically, the state imposes important responsibilities in regard to providing education services in respect to the right to life in a manner worthy of human dignity towards individuals directly connected to the right to education.The right to education in the classification of fundamental rights and freedoms found in the second generation or the social and economic rights. After World War II, this right significantly institutionalized andmany new constitutions were enacted. Social and economic rights in constitutions of these states had important responsibilities installed as a constitutional assignment.Usually social and economic rights in constitutions in respect to the criteria "the means of economic dependence" is limited. Yet during this period the states were strongly willing to spend strongly in order to implement the right to education. However, since the mid-1970s, states have fallen into economic crisis. In order to adopt a solution to solve this crisis, there has been an emphasis on neo-liberal ideas. So that states a different approach from that period have led to enter into. In the new era that has survived from this, the process of globalization has accelerated and world-wide, neo-liberal shaped ideas, within the framework have led to the establishment of a new order.During this period globalization is taking shape as a process of international exchange that is characterized by a growing interconnectedness between political, social, cultural and economic systems beyond national borders. Thus in this process, important changes are taking place regarding the right to education. This change process is especially the case with respect to economic globalization. In this context economic globalization refers to a related process: the integration of world financial markets. In this process, as national economies open to the international market, governments are forced to adapt to the imperatives of global competition, and this means cutting cost-intensive education programmes. These processes increase in income inequality, and pressures on welfare states to transform benefits in the states with the result of this situation adversely affecting the right to education. The "new-politics" aims right to education retrenchment.

This study has pointed out that a new version of Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) financing model generated out from classical BOT model can be used for highway financing. The classical BOT, one of the most popular PPP models has been oftenly employed by various countries for financing of large scale public projects. Over the last 20 year period a number of infrastructure projects in Turkey such as natural gas plants, airports and hydro electric power plants were constructed by using BOT model. In this study, the new version of BOT model is implemented on the projected Ankara-İzmir Highway Project. This highway project can be constructed at a lower project cost by using the suggested BOT model compared to the classical BOT model. Therefore, the lower project cost results in a lower toll rate.

Görüntü ile sesin bir birleşimi olan filmler, en etkili iletişim araçlarından olmaları nedeni ile halkla ilişkiler alanında çok sık yararlanılan kitle haberleşme aracıdır. Kuruluşların tanıtımlarında, düşüncelerin kamuoyuna aktarılmasında, halkın bazı konularda eğitilip bilinçlendirilmesinde ve kamuoyu oluşumunda filmlerin çok önemli bir potansiyel olduğu görülmektedir. Filmleri diğer araçlardan üstün kılan bir başka özelliği de izlenmeleri süresince belli bir zamanı kapsamaları ve mesajlarını iletmede yeterli olanağa sahip olmalarıdır. Halkla ilişkiler filmleri, sahip oldukları birtakım özellikler nedeniyle sinema ve reklam filmlerinden farklıdır. Kamu yada özel kuruluşlar için yapılan tanıtım filmleri, çalışanların, öğrencilerin, ve halkın eğitiminde kullanılan eğitim filmleri, halkı çeşitli konularda bilgilendirmek amacıyla yapılan sosyal içerikli filmler, belgesel filmlere yapılan sponsorluklar halkla ilişkiler filmleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çalışmamızda bu tür filmler, özellikleri, avantajları ve çeşitleri bakımından incelenmiş, Amerika ve Almanya'da bu konuda yapılan ilk çalışmalar, konuya ilişkin kaynakların taranması sureti ile bilimsel literatür taraması yöntemi uygulanarak araştırılmıştır.

Hendiadyoin an important feature of Turkic is also used inmodern Uighur Turkish. While giving a harmony to the sentence,hendiadyoin enriches and enforces the meaning. So far hendiadyoinhas been handled and searched by many researchers, in this study weexamined nominal hendiadyoin in modern Uighur Turkish in view ofmeaning and structure and compiled the examples. Thus we tried toshow the efficiency and importance of hendiadyoin in modern UighurTurkish.